Improved Methods of Extraction and In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Sarita Khatkar ◽  
Arun Nanda ◽  
Shahid Husain Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

Background:he Terminalia arjuna has been reported for the antimicrobial activity using classical methods of extraction in the literature. As novel extraction methods have gained importance to carry out the extraction of different plant materials, hence it was planned to extract Terminalia arjuna stem bark in a better way and evaluate the change in antimicrobial activity of the improved extracts.Objective:The extraction and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna were performed, analyzed and compared using different extraction methods viz. RTE, SE and USAE in this article.Methods:The central composite design among the response surface methods was adopted to carry out the optimization of different parameters of ultrasound-assisted extraction. The central composite design was used for optimization and the values of parameters for an optimized batch of ultrasoundassisted extraction were 800 W power, 10 minutes time and 1:80 ratio of solid/solvent ratio. The invitro antimicrobial activity was performed using the tube dilution method taking ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as standard antibacterial and antifungal agents.Results:The value of estimated total percentage yield was 12.8 % which upon experimentation was obtained as 12.7 %. The extraction efficiency of USAE was found better as compared to the RTE and SE in terms of the extraction yield 4.2% and 6.8 % respectively. The extraction time of the conventional RTE and SE (2 days and 7 days) was also reduced to minutes (10 to 20 min.) in USAE hence was found to be better. The antimicrobial activity of the selected extracts was performed using tube dilution method on selected strains of bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and fungal A. niger and C. albicans. The results obtained suggested that the USAE technique showed best results as compared to the other extraction methods and the standard drugs taken (MIC values of 3.12, 1.56, 3.12, 1.56 and 3.12 µg/mL respectively).Conclusion:Hence, it was concluded that ultrasound is an effective technique of extraction and has enhanced the antimicrobial principles of the Terminalia arjuna stem bark.

scholarly journals A Synthetic Approach, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel 5-(Arylidene)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1530-1536
Author(s):  
Navidha Aggarwal ◽  
Sandeep Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

The extensive biological potential of thiazolidin-4-one and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties, the novel string of 5-(arylidene)-2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one has been synthesized and characterized. The synthesized derivatives were screened for antimicrobial potential using serial tube dilution method. The results showed that all the synthesized compounds have significant biological activity against the microorganisms being tested. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds TA2, TA3, TA4, TA9, TA10 and TA20 against the tested microbial strains was promising. Compound TA4 (2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)-5-(4-nitrobenzylidene)- thiazolidin-4-one) and TA2 (5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) showed promising antimicrobial activity against microbial strains. Compound TA9 (5-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) was found to be the most effective towards B. subtilis. Compound TA10 (5-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-((5- methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) was discovered to be the most potent against the Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds TA3 (5-(4-bromobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol- 2-yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) and TA20 (5-(2-bromobenzylidene)-2-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- yl)imino)thiazolidin-4-one) were the most effective compounds against the fungal strain.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Insilico and Antibacterial Activity Studies of Substituted Dihydro-1, 2-Oxazole Benzopyran-2-One Hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Alphonsus D’souza ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Soundarya M. Rai ◽  
Prashant Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

A series of substituted dihydro-1, 2-oxazole benzopyran-2-one (SR1-SR6) were synthesized through the intermediate substituted benzopyran-2-one chalcones and were characterized using spectral analysis.   Compounds were docked with receptor DNA Gyrase B (PDB code: 5L3J) to know its interaction and binding energy; ranges -3.38 to -2.15 kcal/mol. Further these compounds were tested for antibacterial activity using tube dilution method and MIC values were observed; ranges 3.12 to 25 µg/ml. Compound 3-(5-(m-tolyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (SR3) showed the best interaction with binding energy -3.38 kcal/mol and antimicrobial activity having MIC 3.12 µg/ml. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The Tube Dilution Method of Determining Bacterial Sensitivity to Antibiotics*

1951 ◽  
Vol 21 (9_ts) ◽  
pp. 884-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton A. Wa1sbren ◽  
Claire Carr ◽  
Jean Dunnette
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Containing Sulfur Heterocyclic Curcumin Derivatives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dunjia Wang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Dunjia Wang ◽  
Heng Lyu ◽  
Hengyi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Tube Dilution

Eight novel containing sulfur heterocyclic curcumins were synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR and MS spectroscopy. Their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger were also tested for MIC by using serial tube dilution method. The results showed that the antimicrobial activities of synthesized curcumin derivatives were better than curcumin. Especially, the compound 4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,7-di(thiophen-2-yl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5- dione (2g) exhibited excellent the antimicrobial activities among these curcumin derivatives.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Micromethod for Performance of the Serum Bactericidal Test with the Standard Tube Dilution Method

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Prober ◽  
S. S. Dougherty ◽  
K. L. Vosti ◽  
A. S. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

A RAPID METHOD FOR MEASURING ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Mahony ◽  
P. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Discrepancy Rate ◽  
Paper Disc ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

A rapid antibiotic sensitivity test is described in which the criterion of sensitivity was the inhibition of microcolony formation on the surface of agar plates containing antibiotic. Results of the tests were available 4 hours after inoculation of the plates. Comparison between 4-hour microcolony readings and confirmatory observations after 20 hours incubation showed a discrepancy rate of 2.72%. The results obtained by the microcolony method showed a good correlation with those given by the paper disc method. Correlation with the tube dilution method was not so good, but there may be valid reasons for this. The merits and demerits of the microcolony method are discussed.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM STEM BARK OF Cinnamomum sintoc

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Nurdin Saidi ◽  
Hira Helwati ◽  
Lailatul Qhadariah Lubis ◽  
Muhammad Bahi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Agar Dilution

Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract from stem bark of Cinnamomum sintoc has been evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extraction of compound was carried out by maceration, then isolation by column chromatograph, which yielded five (5) subfractions (A-E). Activity against fungus C. albicans, S. aureus bacteria dan E. coli using agar dilution method in paper disk. Methanol extract was not potent against antifungal activity but shows antibacterial activity with medium category. Subfraction C showed that antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with weak category, but subfractions D and E did not show any activity.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NEW OXAZINE DERIVATIVES DERIVED FROM COUMARINYL CHALCONES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Katte I. Bhat ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Alafiya A. Matcheswala ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Tube Dilution Method ◽  
Tube Dilution

A series of novel substituted 3-(2-amino-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones(AO1-AO10) was synthesized upon refluxing ethanolic solution of substituted 3-cinnamoyl-2H chromen-2-one with urea in presence of 20 % NaOH. The intermediate chalcones, substituted 3-cinnamoyl-2H-chromen2-ones, were synthesized by condensing 3-acetyl coumarin with various substituted benzaldehydes in presence of 20 % NaOH. The structures of the final synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectra. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was estimated by tube dilution method. The turbidity was observed for the synthesized compounds. Few compounds showed promising minimum inhibitory concentration by tube dilution method.

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