EEG correlates of cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of oscillatory activity and neural synchrony abnormalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Amidfar ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Background: A large body of evidence suggested that disruption of neural rhythms and synchronization of brain oscillations are correlated with variety of cognitive and perceptual processes. Cognitive deficits are common features of psychiatric disorders that complicate treatment of the motivational, affective and emotional symptoms. Objective: Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive functions will contribute to understanding of neural circuits controlling cognition, the causes of their perturbation in psychiatric disorders and developing novel targets for treatment of cognitive impairments. Methods: This review includes description of brain oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and autism. Results: The review clearly shows that the reviewed neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with fundamental changes in both spectral power and coherence of EEG oscillations. Conclusion: In this article we examined nature of brain oscillations, association of brain rhythms with cognitive functions and relationship between EEG oscillations and neuropsychiatric diseases. Accordingly, EEG oscillations can most likely be used as biomarkers in psychiatric disorders.

Grounded procedures of separation in clinical psychology: what's to be expected?

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Haberkamp ◽  
Thomas Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Parametric Variation ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Abstract The hypothesis of grounded procedures of separation predicts accentuated effects in individuals with psychiatric disorders, for example, obsessive-compulsive disorders with washing compulsion. This could provide a vantage point for understanding cognitive processes related to specific disorders. However, fully exploring it requires updated experimental designs, including extensive control conditions, exclusion of alternative explanations, internal replications, and parametric variation to strengthen internal validity.

scholarly journals Respiration-Driven Brain Oscillations in Emotional Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shani Folschweiller ◽  
Jonas-Frederic Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emotional Cognition

Respiration paces brain oscillations and the firing of individual neurons, revealing a profound impact of rhythmic breathing on brain activity. Intriguingly, respiration-driven entrainment of neural activity occurs in a variety of cortical areas, including those involved in higher cognitive functions such as associative neocortical regions and the hippocampus. Here we review recent findings of respiration-entrained brain activity with a particular focus on emotional cognition. We summarize studies from different brain areas involved in emotional behavior such as fear, despair, and motivation, and compile findings of respiration-driven activities across species. Furthermore, we discuss the proposed cellular and network mechanisms by which cortical circuits are entrained by respiration. The emerging synthesis from a large body of literature suggests that the impact of respiration on brain function is widespread across the brain and highly relevant for distinct cognitive functions. These intricate links between respiration and cognitive processes call for mechanistic studies of the role of rhythmic breathing as a timing signal for brain activity.

Recent Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (S12) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Illness Costs ◽  
Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Preclinical Work

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent of the psychiatric disorders, account for a significant proportion of mental illness costs, and include some of the most disabling medical disorders. Anxiety disorders, which currently include the obsessive-compulsive disorders, continue to be poorly diagnosed and undertreated across a broad range of countries. It is possible that the universal experience of anxiety as an adaptive emotion makes it more difficult for patients and clinicians to conceptualize symptoms in terms of psychopathology.Nonetheless, there have been significant advances in our understanding of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, and in our ability to manage these conditions successfully. Research on anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders exemplifies the goals of translational investigation; preclinical work has not only allowed an exploration of known clinical phenomena, but has also led directly to novel clinical interventions. Investigators around the globe are continuing to contribute to research on anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

scholarly journals Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia – selected diagnostic dilemmas in neuropsychiatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Marta Kuklińska ◽  
◽  
Emilia J. Sitek ◽  
Bogna Brockhuis ◽  
Anna Barczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioural Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Work Up

Introduction: Differential diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia remains a challenge for neurologists and psychiatrists as some behavioural symptoms of this illness and psychiatric disorders, such as apathy, are not specific. Aim: The paper aims at presenting the differential diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and primary psychiatric disorders. Discussion: Behavioural symptoms of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia overlap with symptoms typical for primary psychiatric disorders. Psychotic symptoms, apathy and inappropriate behaviour are prominent in schizophrenia. Repetitive behaviours are typical for obsessive-compulsive disorders. Inattention and impulsivity are common in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Disinhibition is typical of mania in the context of bipolar disorder. Thus, all these psychiatric diagnoses need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. This condition is associated with language deficits and more widespread executive and social cognition deficits. Also, the presence of neurological symptoms, such as oculomotor dysfunction, upper/lower motor neuron dysfunction or bradykinesia, may facilitate the diagnosis. Functional decline is observed during follow-up in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, but not in phenocopy syndrome. Conclusions: Differential diagnosis requires integration of behavioural and neuropsychological data with the results of neurological assessment and neuroimaging work-up. In ambiguous cases, if genetic testing is negative, only longitudinal observation can confirm the diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia or phenocopy syndrome.

Dysregulation of DNA methylation during development as a potential mechanisms contributing to obsessive compulsive disorders and autism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
German I. Todorov ◽  
Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan ◽  
David Ashurov ◽  
Catarina Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Treatment Priority ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, that is raising at a concerning rate. However, underlying mechanisms are still to be discovered. Obsessions and compulsions are the most debilitating aspect of these disorders (OCD), and they are the treatment priority for patients. SAPAP3 knock out mice present a reliable mouse model for repetitive compulsive behavior and are mechanistically closely related to the ASD mouse model Shank3 on a molecular level and AMPA receptor net effect. The phenotype of SAPAP3 knock out mice is obsessive grooming that leads to self-inflicted lesions by 4 months of age. Recent studies have accumulated evidence, that epigenetic mechanisms are important effectors in psychiatric conditions such as ASD and OCD. Methylation is the most studied mechanism, that recently lead to drug developments for more precise cancer treatments. We injected SAPAP3 mice with an epigenetic demethylation drug RG108 during pregnancy and delayed the onset of the phenotype in the offspring by 4 months. This result gives us clues about possible mechanism involved in OCD and ASD. Additionally, it shows that modulation of methylation mechanisms during development might be explored as a preventative treatment in the cases of high inherited risk of certain mental health conditions.

The Use of Quetiapine for Comorbid Bipolar and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
María Yoldi-Negrete ◽  
Mónica Flores-Ramos ◽  
Alejandra Montserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Carvajal-Lohr Armando ◽  
Jorge Ávila-Solorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

scholarly journals Resting-state brain oscillations predict cognitive function in psychiatric disorders: A transdiagnostic machine learning approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 102617
Author(s):  
Kaia Sargent ◽  
UnYoung Chavez-Baldini ◽  
Sarah L. Master ◽  
Karin J.H. Verweij ◽  
Anja Lok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

scholarly journals An Analysis of the External Validity of EEG Spectral Power in an Uncontrolled Outdoor Environment during Default and Complex Neurocognitive States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Edwards ◽  
Logan T. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Eeg Spectral Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Human Participants

Traditionally, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) studies collect data within controlled laboratory environments that limit the external validity of scientific conclusions. To probe these validity limits, we used a mobile EEG system to record electrophysiological signals from human participants while they were located within a controlled laboratory environment and an uncontrolled outdoor environment exhibiting several moderate background influences. Participants performed two tasks during these recordings, one engaging brain activity related to several complex cognitive functions (number sense, attention, memory, executive function) and the other engaging two default brain states. We computed EEG spectral power over three frequency bands (theta: 4–7 Hz, alpha: 8–13 Hz, low beta: 14–20 Hz) where EEG oscillatory activity is known to correlate with the neurocognitive states engaged by these tasks. Null hypothesis significance testing yielded significant EEG power effects typical of the neurocognitive states engaged by each task, but only a beta-band power difference between the two background recording environments during the default brain state. Bayesian analysis showed that the remaining environment null effects were unlikely to reflect measurement insensitivities. This overall pattern of results supports the external validity of laboratory EEG power findings for complex and default neurocognitive states engaged within moderately uncontrolled environments.

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