PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ENHANCED MANHATTAN MOBILITY MODEL OVER GM, RWP, MANHATTAN GRID, SLAW, AND TLW MOBILITY MODELS IN MANETS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satveer Kour ◽  
Jagpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Routing Performance

: The mobility model is the base of simulation experiments in the Mobile Ad-hoc Network. A composite model for mobility for city scenarios which includes a realistic model of obstacle avoidance and movement in the vertical direction, is proposed. The comparison of its performance with those of other available mobility models is encouraging. We believe that it can upgrade the routing performance. Here, we discuss the synthetic mobility models (Gauss-Markov, Random Waypoint, Manhattan Grid), and trace-based mobility models (Truncated Levy Walk, Self-Similar Least Action Walk). Then, we propose a new mobility model by replacing a speed calculating formula using Bonnmotion-3.0.1 on simulator NS2. The proposed mobility model, named Enhanced Manhattan Mobility Model, is compared with the existing Manhattan Grid mobility model in a tabulated form. AODV, DSR, and DSDV are analysed for above-mentioned mobility models against the proposed one. Furthermore, the accuracy of the best protocol over the best mobility model is investigated through Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, average end-to-end delay, packet overhead, and packet drop rate performance metrics. Due to the smooth movements created by the proposed model, it shows an improvement of 1 percent to 7 percent in throughput, 0.8 percent to 1.7 percent in packet overhead, 1 percent to 7 percent in PDR, and 1 percent in dropped packets.

scholarly journals Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Safaa Laqtib ◽  
Khalid El Yassini ◽  
Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Random Waypoint

<p>Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) <a title="Learn more about Metrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metrics">metrics</a> such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Vyas ◽  
Margam Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Random Waypoint Model ◽  
Random Waypoint

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

scholarly journals Performance Optimization of MANET Networks through Routing Protocol Analysis

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo ◽  
Danur Wijayanto ◽  
Made Santo Gitakarma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Aodv Protocol ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Route Request

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) protocol requires proper settings to perform data transmission optimally. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to select the correct routing protocol and use the routing protocol’s default parameter values. This study examined the effect of route request parameters, such as RREQ_RETRIES and MAX_RREQ_TIMOUT, on the Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol, which was then compared with the default AODV performance Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols. The performance metrics used for measuring performance were Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, delay, packet loss, energy consumption, and routing overhead. The results show that the OLSR protocol has a smaller delay than the AODV protocol, while in other measurements, the AODV protocol is better than OLSR. By reducing the combination value of RREQ_RETRIES, MAX_RREQ_TIMEOUT in AODV routing to (2, 10 s) and (3, 5 s), the protocol’s performance can be improved. The two combinations result in an average increase in throughput performance of 3.09%, a decrease in delay of 17.7%, a decrease in packet loss of 27.15%, and an increase in PDR of 4.8%. For variations in the speed of movement of nodes, 20 m/s has the best performance, while 5 m/s has the worst performance.

scholarly journals Impact of Energy and Mobility on MANETs Routing Protocols: AODV and DSR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2346-2352
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Routing protocols can be tested in realistic conditions of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET)). The performance of MANET depends on different parameters such as used number of nodes, mobility speed, routing protocols, mobility model and energy models etc. In this paper, researchers made an effort to analyze the impact of energy and mobility on the performance of AODV and DSR routing protocols with varying mobility speed under random waypoint mobility model and radio energy models in the MANET. Detailed simulations have been carried out using QualNet simulator for 50 nodes. Performance of AODV and DSR routing protocols has been analyzed under the premise of performance metrics namely average throughput, average end to end delay and average jitter using CBR traffic patterns.

scholarly journals GROUP MOBILITY MODEL BASED PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANET

2013 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
ANKUR PATEL ◽  
Shivendu Dubey ◽  
ASHOK VERMA ◽  
SHARDA PD. PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a dynamic network Topology without the aid of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts as a host and as a router , means they have to forward packets and identify route as well. Random way point is the most common mobility model in most of the simulation based studies of various MANET routing protocols.The Group Mobility Model has been generated by Impact of Mobility Patterns on Routing in Ad-hoc Network(IMPORTANT). In the present communication, we have analyzed the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End to End delay, Average Throughput, Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and number of Drop packets in CBR and TCP traffic models using routing protocols namely AODV and DSDV. Research efforts have focused much in evaluating their performance with same number of nodes but divided in different number of groups. Simulations has been carried out using NS-2 simulator.

scholarly journals Self-configuration and self-optimization process with taguchi method in hybrid optical wireless network

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Adam Wong Yoon Khang ◽  
Arnidza Ramli ◽  
Shamsul J. Elias ◽  
J. Pusppanathan ◽  
Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Field Quality ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Qos Performance

<p>In this paper, an alternative improvement is proposed which is the adaptive wireless access networks-based optical backhaul convergence that will greatly promote to use the existing resource of MANET (mobile ad hoc network). However, these characteristics itself acts as a drawback to the MANET applications such as the random distribution of nodes and continuously changing topology. MiNiTab statistical software was used to model the effect of the parameter variation to predict the field quality through the design of experiments while OMNeT++ network simulation was created to visualize the effect of QoS performance study in response with varying speed scenario. The result shows that the proposed ESCMDR scheme can obtain robustness and outperformed compared to the non-Taguchi previous study when it is used in random waypoint mobility model in any speed of sources. The work is based on Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Packet Loss Probability (PLP) metric under the varying speed scenario. It results in better QoS network PDR of 28.9% improvement, with 83.56% improvement on average PLP. The paper shows that the MANET QoS performance constrained can be addressed with the self-configured data rate of integrated optimization with Taguchi method on AODV-UU (Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector-Uppsala University) routing technique.</p>

Routing Optimization for Integrated Optical and Mobile Ad hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Adam Wong Yoon Khang ◽  
Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid ◽  
Arnidza Ramli ◽  
Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli ◽  
Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Resource consumption in access network will continue to draw attention due to the increasing trend of mobile user device and application. This chapter will address the issue of resource utilization efficiency via alternate specific method known as Taguchi offline optimization-based on mobile ad hoc network (MANET) to be applied into cooperating multiple layers framework of deploy over passive optical network (PON) called the last mile mobile hybrid optical wireless access network (LMMHOWAN). Adhering to this method, the chapter is also to propose the design of experiment simulation model using OMNeT++ software and its impact is investigated on the identified performance metrics like the end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), network capacity, packet loss probability (PLP), and energy consumption. Simulation result shows that the heterogeneous optical wireless network under the influence of random mobile connection can perform better with the optimized front-end wireless ad hoc.

scholarly journals Multipath Strategies and Link Based Resource Optimized Routing in Manet

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2125-2131
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Routing Performance ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

A MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a prearranged form of cellular nodes besides any infrastructure. The finest route determination in MANETs is a difficult task to progress the routing performance. A multipath strategies and link based resource optimized routing (MSR-OR) method is proposed to choose the best route for proficient data packet communication in MANETs. The MSR-OR Technique is used Selective Retransmission method to minimize high channel contention causing redundant a RREQ through combining both neighbor coverage and selective methods. The Selective Re-transmission method reduces the number of retransmissions and therefore optimizes resource utilization for data transmission, which in resulting improved packet delivery ratio with lower energy utilization. The functioning of MSR-OR Technique is deliberate as far as energy utilization, end to end delay (E-E-D), packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime (NLT). The simulation result shows that the MSR-OR Technique is improves the packet delivery ratio with minimum NLT for data transmission.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Mobile Adhoc Networks using FBID Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
D Rajalakshmi ◽  
K Meena
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

The security in a mobile ad hoc networks is more vulnerable and susceptible to the environment, because in this network no centralized environment for monitoring individual nodes activity during communication. The intruders are hacked the networks either locally and globally. Now a day’s mobile ad hoc network is an emerging area of research due to its unique characteristics. It’s more vulnerable to detect malicious activities, and error prone in nature due to their dynamic topology configuration. Based on their difficulties of intrusion detection system, in this paper proposed a novel approach for mobile ad hoc network is Fuzzy Based Intrusion Detection (FBID) protocol, to identify, analyze and detect a malicious node in different circumstances. This protocol it improves the efficiency of the system and does not degrade the system performance in real time.This FBID system is more efficient and the performance is compared with AODV, Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping with the following performance metrics: Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Packets Dropped, Routing overhead, Propagation delay and shortest path for delivering packets from one node to another node. The System is robust. It produces the crisp output to the benefit of end users. It provides an integrated solution capable of detecting the majority of security attacks occurring in MANETs.

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