Biofilm formation and Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Kanchipuram: An Evaluation of screening methods for biofilm formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4991
Author(s):  
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran* ◽  
Sarasa S. ◽  
Sheila Doris T. ◽  
Balan K. ◽  
Sangeetha Vilwanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biofilm Production

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms is of significant clinical interest, as biofilm development impacts the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy and the subsequent outcome of an infection. The present study is undertaken to detect the biofilm production and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated for the first time from pus, blood, catheter, IV cannulas were included in the study. Biofilm detection was done by tube method and Microtitre plate method. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method. By tube method and Microtitre plate method 26% and 46% of the isolates were identified as biofilm producers. By Microtitre plate method, BHI broth (Brain heart infusion broth) and BHI broth with sucrose was used and the difference in the biofilm forming ability was compared. When BHI broth with sucrose was used 69% showed biofilm formation whereas when tested with BHI broth, only 46% were identified as biofilm producers. Good sensitivity was observed for Amikacin (88%) and cefotaxime (82%). MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was detected among 19% of the isolates. Among the biofilm producers if there are drug resistant bacteria like MRSA the problem becomes challenging and requires combination of several antibiotics. Hence Screening for biofilm production by bacterial isolates should be performed. Infection control program should address the effective execution of disinfection procedures.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates of Wound Infection In Children Visiting Kanti Children Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Gita Ghimire ◽  
Chaudhary RP ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
The Status

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to isolate and identify the bacterial etiological agent of wound infection and explore the status of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA), multidrug Resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers’ strains in clinical specimens and to find the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study design was conducted from period of February 2014 to October 2014 at Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu. The organisms were isolated and identified from pus sample by standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by modified the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method to evaluate the status of MRSA and MDR. ESBL detection was performed by the combined disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 365 specimens collected between the age group below < 2 to 15 years, 210 (57.73%) samples from male patients and 155 (42.47%) from female patients. In the total samples processed, Gram-positive organisms were found to be more prevalent in which Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 135(47.20%), followed by P. aeruginosa 62 (21.67%), E. coli 29 (10.20%), K. pneumoniae 27 (9.44%), Acinetobacter spp. 20 (6.70%), P. vulgaris 7 (2.44%) and CoNS 6 (2.10%). Among the S. aureus isolates, 29 (21.48%) were found MRSA. Of the total Gram-negative organisms isolated, 74 (51.03%) were MDR and 14 (100%) ESBL producer, (P<0.01). S. aureus was found to be the most important and leading cause of wound infection in this study. Conclusion: Thus, routine antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended for empirical drug therapy and proper management of disease.  

scholarly journals Antibiotic Profile of Staphylococcus aureus on Table Eggs from Ezrad Farms in Iwo Area of Osun State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Famubo, Joseph A. ◽  
Oladunjoye, Bunmi B. ◽  
Ogunfowora, Vitoria O.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Surface swabs of the table eggs were carried out using sterile swab sticks. These were inoculated on Mannitol Salt Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The isolates obtained were morphologically and biochemically characterized. 62% of the isolates obtained were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. 0.5 McFarland standard of each Staphylococcus aureus isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test on Muller Hinton Agar using the disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by observing and measuring clear zones in millimetres. The antibiogram pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of table eggs from Ezrad farms located in Iwo, Osun State was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin while resistance to Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone were at 96%, 89%, 86%, 82%, 75% and 57% respectively. This study shows high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from eggshells to antibiotics which could pose a serious health problem.

scholarly journals Molecular Investigation of Fibronectin-Binding Protein Genes and Capacity of Biofilm Production in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Clinical Samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Jafari Soghondicolaei ◽  
Mohammad Ahanjan ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Bahman Mirzaei ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein ◽  
Fibronectin Binding

Abstract Biofilm production increases Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antibiotics and also host defense mechanisms. The current study aims to evaluate the biofilm formation by S. aureus and to determine the prevalence of fibronectin-binding protein genes, also its correlation with drug resistance. In this study, 100 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was evaluated by the disk agar diffusion method. The ability of biofilm formation in the studied isolates was also determined by microplate colorimetric assay. Then, all isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the fnbA and fnbB genes. Out of 100 clinical isolates of S. aureus, the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance rates were against penicillin (94%) and vancomycin (6%). Thirty-two cases were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) among the all strains. The ability of biofilm production was observed in 89% of the isolates. The PCR results showed that the prevalence of fnbA and fnbB genes were 91% and 17%, respectively. Moreover, 100% and 21.8% of the MDR strains harbored the fnbA and fnbB genes respectively. The ability to form biofilm in MDR isolates of S. aureus is more than non-MDR isolates, especially fnbA positive ones. As the bacteria in the biofilm are difficult to kill by antibiotics, attention to the removal or control of the biofilm production seems to be necessary.

scholarly journals Interpretive criteria to differentiate low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Elane Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Couto Marques Cardozo ◽  
Elizabeth de Andrade Marques ◽  
Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos ◽  
Marcia Giambiagi deMarval
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified into three mupirocin susceptibility groups by the disc diffusion method using 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs. The zone diameter observed for a 5 μg disc distinguished MupS from the resistant strains (either MupRL or MupRH). On the other hand, a 200 μg disc distinguished the high-resistance MupRH strains from the other two (MupS or MupRL). Thus, the concomitant use of 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs allowed the clear distinction among the three mupirocin susceptibility groups, MupS, MupRL or MupRH.

scholarly journals Screening of the antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts from Martinique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Piron ◽  
Jessica Pastour ◽  
Niklas Tysklind ◽  
Juliette Smith-Ravin ◽  
Fabienne Priam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

AbstractMarine sponges are known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity. In this study, the activity of aqueous and ethanoic extracts of 3 sponges from Martinique were tested on 5 bacterial strains: Bascillus cereus (CIP 783), Echerichia coli (CIP 54127), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP A22), Staphylococcus aureus (CIP 67.8) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CIP 76125). The antimicrobial activity of Agelas clathrodes, Desmapsamma anchorata, and Verongula rigida, was demonstrated using the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. The ethanoic extract of Agelas clathrodes had an inhibitory activity specifically on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No activity was observed for the other extracts. Further chemical analyses will be carried out in order to identify the active molecules of these sponges.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β, 14α – diol (22Z) from Kenyan Ganoderma lucidum

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Sande ◽  
Danstone Lilechi Baraza ◽  
Selline Ooko ◽  
Peter Kuloba Nyongesa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method

Aims: To determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Kenyan Ganoderma lucidum. Study Design: Structural determination of the isolated compound was done using spectral evidences and in comparison with literature. The antibacterial properties of the compound was done using disc diffusion method. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, between January and November, 2019. Methodology: Sequential extraction of dried samples of Kenyan G. lucidum were done using solvents hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Chromatographic separation of hexane extract of Ganoderma lucidum was done using spectroscopic data. The compound was assayed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillin–Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Standard antibiotic namely; ampicillin was used as the control. Disc diffusion method was used and zones of inhibition, after respective incubation periods, were used to quantify antibacterial activity. Results: From hexane extract of Ganoderma lucidum, Ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β, 14α – diol (22Z) was isolated. Ethylacetate and methanol extracts produced a mixture of complex compounds. Ergosta-5,7,22-triene-3β,14α-diol (22Z) exhibited significant activity against Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (p=0.022) and Streptococcus pyogenes (p = 0.05). The most sensitive microbe was Streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusion: One major compound, Ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β, 14α – diol (22Z) was isolated, characterized and antibacterial activity determined.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CATTLE DUNG AND ITS CONTAMINATED SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
I. S. Obuekwe ◽  
C. K. Offodile
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacillus Spp

  Cattle dung is used as organic fertilizer and alternative source of fuel or biogas but could also be a source of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. This study isolated, identified and assessed antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria from cattle dung and its contaminated soil. Bacteria isolation and identification were based on standard techniques while hemolytic activity was used to confirm potential pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogens were assayed by disk diffusion method. Among isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus spp had highest occurrence of 23.8 % while Micrococcus spp was the least at 1.3 %. Hemolytic bacteria isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (16.5 %), Bacillus spp (17.4 %), Nocardia spp (4.6 %), Escherichia coli (29.4 %), Pseudomonas spp (13.8 %), Serratia marcersens (2.8 %) and Salmonella spp (15.6 %). High resistance (100 %) against Ampiclox (30 µg) was observed in all Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp isolates while Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed 100 % resistance to Ofloxacin (30 µg). Most Gram-positive bacterial isolates were majorly resistant to Beta lactams while Gram negative bacteria were resistant to Fluoroquinolones antibiotics. Multiple antibiotics resistant index (MARI) was measured at greater than 0.2, and was observed in 71.5 % of the hemolytic pathogens. Antibiotics resistance in hemolytic bacterial pathogens from this study is indicative of environmental sources of antibiotic resistance and possible adverse effects on human health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of some Honey Samples against Pathogenic Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahendran ◽  
D. Kumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method

The aim of the present research work to investigate antimicrobial activity of some honey samples six winter honeys six summer honeys collected from different regions of Western Ghats. The microbes used in this study are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial activity of the honeys was assayed using the Disc diffusion method. Noticeable variations in the antibacterial activity of the different honey samples were observed. Among the microbes Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive against all honey samples shows the maximum inhibitor zone compare to summer honeys.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab from Children Attending International Friendship Children's Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Bidhya Maharjan ◽  
Shovana Thapa Karki ◽  
Roshani Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Patient Department

A wound gets infected when the organism gets invaded through the breached skin, proliferated and production of various enzymes, toxins, etc. In order to treat the wound infection, antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organism should be determined before the prescription of the medicine. The present study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 with an aim to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus identified from the pus/wound swab among the patients visiting the International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Total 270 sample were processed, isolated and identified using standard microbiological procedure and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by using Modified Kirby Bauer's Disc Diffusion Method. Out of total sample, 51.48% (139) showed growth. The growth distribution was found to be high in out-patient department 84.9% (118) than in-patient department 15.1% (21). Among 139 positive growth, 83.5% were gram positive and 16.5% were gram negative. All together 12 different organisms were identified, among which S. aureus was found to be predominant organism 105 (75.5%). S. aureus was found to be sensitive towards Linezolid followed by Doxycycline whereas it was found resistant towards Ciprofloxacin. Among S. aureus identified, 50% were Multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus and 55% were Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was found to be sensitive towards Linezolid followed by Doxycycline and resistant towards Ciprofloxacin. The association between MDR and MRSA was found positively significant (i.e. p-value = 0.000). All strains of S. aureus were found to be sensitive towards Vancomycin.  22.86% were double disk diffusion test (D-test) positive. The prevalence of D-test was found to be high in MRSA (75%). The relationship between D-test and MRSA was found to be significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.39). Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Doxycycline is a drug of a choice for both S. aureus and MRSA infection.

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