scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates of Wound Infection In Children Visiting Kanti Children Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Gita Ghimire ◽  
Chaudhary RP ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
The Status

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to isolate and identify the bacterial etiological agent of wound infection and explore the status of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA), multidrug Resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers’ strains in clinical specimens and to find the antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study design was conducted from period of February 2014 to October 2014 at Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu. The organisms were isolated and identified from pus sample by standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by modified the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method to evaluate the status of MRSA and MDR. ESBL detection was performed by the combined disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 365 specimens collected between the age group below < 2 to 15 years, 210 (57.73%) samples from male patients and 155 (42.47%) from female patients. In the total samples processed, Gram-positive organisms were found to be more prevalent in which Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 135(47.20%), followed by P. aeruginosa 62 (21.67%), E. coli 29 (10.20%), K. pneumoniae 27 (9.44%), Acinetobacter spp. 20 (6.70%), P. vulgaris 7 (2.44%) and CoNS 6 (2.10%). Among the S. aureus isolates, 29 (21.48%) were found MRSA. Of the total Gram-negative organisms isolated, 74 (51.03%) were MDR and 14 (100%) ESBL producer, (P<0.01). S. aureus was found to be the most important and leading cause of wound infection in this study. Conclusion: Thus, routine antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended for empirical drug therapy and proper management of disease.  

Biofilm formation and Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Kanchipuram: An Evaluation of screening methods for biofilm formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4991
Author(s):  
Abirami Lakshmy Jayachandran* ◽  
Sarasa S. ◽  
Sheila Doris T. ◽  
Balan K. ◽  
Sangeetha Vilwanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biofilm Production

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms is of significant clinical interest, as biofilm development impacts the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy and the subsequent outcome of an infection. The present study is undertaken to detect the biofilm production and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 100 Staphylococcus aureus isolated for the first time from pus, blood, catheter, IV cannulas were included in the study. Biofilm detection was done by tube method and Microtitre plate method. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method. By tube method and Microtitre plate method 26% and 46% of the isolates were identified as biofilm producers. By Microtitre plate method, BHI broth (Brain heart infusion broth) and BHI broth with sucrose was used and the difference in the biofilm forming ability was compared. When BHI broth with sucrose was used 69% showed biofilm formation whereas when tested with BHI broth, only 46% were identified as biofilm producers. Good sensitivity was observed for Amikacin (88%) and cefotaxime (82%). MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was detected among 19% of the isolates. Among the biofilm producers if there are drug resistant bacteria like MRSA the problem becomes challenging and requires combination of several antibiotics. Hence Screening for biofilm production by bacterial isolates should be performed. Infection control program should address the effective execution of disinfection procedures.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CATTLE DUNG AND ITS CONTAMINATED SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
I. S. Obuekwe ◽  
C. K. Offodile
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacillus Spp

  Cattle dung is used as organic fertilizer and alternative source of fuel or biogas but could also be a source of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. This study isolated, identified and assessed antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria from cattle dung and its contaminated soil. Bacteria isolation and identification were based on standard techniques while hemolytic activity was used to confirm potential pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolated pathogens were assayed by disk diffusion method. Among isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus spp had highest occurrence of 23.8 % while Micrococcus spp was the least at 1.3 %. Hemolytic bacteria isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (16.5 %), Bacillus spp (17.4 %), Nocardia spp (4.6 %), Escherichia coli (29.4 %), Pseudomonas spp (13.8 %), Serratia marcersens (2.8 %) and Salmonella spp (15.6 %). High resistance (100 %) against Ampiclox (30 µg) was observed in all Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp isolates while Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed 100 % resistance to Ofloxacin (30 µg). Most Gram-positive bacterial isolates were majorly resistant to Beta lactams while Gram negative bacteria were resistant to Fluoroquinolones antibiotics. Multiple antibiotics resistant index (MARI) was measured at greater than 0.2, and was observed in 71.5 % of the hemolytic pathogens. Antibiotics resistance in hemolytic bacterial pathogens from this study is indicative of environmental sources of antibiotic resistance and possible adverse effects on human health.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab from Children Attending International Friendship Children's Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Bidhya Maharjan ◽  
Shovana Thapa Karki ◽  
Roshani Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Wound Swab ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Patient Department

A wound gets infected when the organism gets invaded through the breached skin, proliferated and production of various enzymes, toxins, etc. In order to treat the wound infection, antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organism should be determined before the prescription of the medicine. The present study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 with an aim to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus identified from the pus/wound swab among the patients visiting the International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Total 270 sample were processed, isolated and identified using standard microbiological procedure and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by using Modified Kirby Bauer's Disc Diffusion Method. Out of total sample, 51.48% (139) showed growth. The growth distribution was found to be high in out-patient department 84.9% (118) than in-patient department 15.1% (21). Among 139 positive growth, 83.5% were gram positive and 16.5% were gram negative. All together 12 different organisms were identified, among which S. aureus was found to be predominant organism 105 (75.5%). S. aureus was found to be sensitive towards Linezolid followed by Doxycycline whereas it was found resistant towards Ciprofloxacin. Among S. aureus identified, 50% were Multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus and 55% were Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was found to be sensitive towards Linezolid followed by Doxycycline and resistant towards Ciprofloxacin. The association between MDR and MRSA was found positively significant (i.e. p-value = 0.000). All strains of S. aureus were found to be sensitive towards Vancomycin.  22.86% were double disk diffusion test (D-test) positive. The prevalence of D-test was found to be high in MRSA (75%). The relationship between D-test and MRSA was found to be significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.39). Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Doxycycline is a drug of a choice for both S. aureus and MRSA infection.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Profile of Staphylococcus aureus on Table Eggs from Ezrad Farms in Iwo Area of Osun State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Famubo, Joseph A. ◽  
Oladunjoye, Bunmi B. ◽  
Ogunfowora, Vitoria O.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Surface swabs of the table eggs were carried out using sterile swab sticks. These were inoculated on Mannitol Salt Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The isolates obtained were morphologically and biochemically characterized. 62% of the isolates obtained were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. 0.5 McFarland standard of each Staphylococcus aureus isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test on Muller Hinton Agar using the disc diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by observing and measuring clear zones in millimetres. The antibiogram pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of table eggs from Ezrad farms located in Iwo, Osun State was investigated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% resistant to Augmentin and Cloxacillin while resistance to Ceftazidime, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Ofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Ceftriaxone were at 96%, 89%, 86%, 82%, 75% and 57% respectively. This study shows high resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from eggshells to antibiotics which could pose a serious health problem.

scholarly journals Changing Trend of Neonatal Septicemia and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Thapa ◽  
Lokendra Bahadur Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative

Background. Neonatal septicemia is one of the most common leading reasons for neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Frequent monitoring on pathogens with recent updates and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is mandatory for the better treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Outpatient Department (OPD), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and Pediatrics Ward of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital (CMCTH), Bharatpur, Nepal. Blood cultures were performed on all suspected neonates attending to the hospital with a clinical analysis of neonatal septicemia. Isolated organism was identified by the standard microbiological protocol and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results. Out of 516 specimens, bacterial growth was obtained in 56 specimens (10.8%). Prevalence of early onset sepsis was higher 35 (62.5%) in neonates compared to late onset sepsis 21 (37.5%). Majority of neonatal septicemia were caused by gram-negative isolates 39 (69.6%). Acinetobacter species 18 (32.1%) was most commonly isolated organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus 11 (19.6%). The predominant isolate in early onset septicemia was Acinetobacter species 18 (32.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus 9 (16%) and in late onset septicemia was Staphylococcus aureus 11 (19.6%) and Acinetobacter species 5 (8.9%). Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci displayed highest susceptibility towards vancomycin, amikacin, teicoplanin, and meropenem. Gram-negative isolates showed susceptibility towards amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ofloxacin, and gentamicin. Conclusions. Acinetobacter species and Staphylococcus aureus remain the most predominant organisms responsible for neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care setting and demonstrate a high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. Above all, since the rate of Acinetobacter species causing sepsis is distressing, inspiring interest to control the excess burden of Acinetobacter species infection is mandatory.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples at Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Rama Adhikari ◽  
Bindu Kshetri ◽  
Khem Narayan Sharma ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MDR bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens from the patients attending Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan Methods: A cross sectional study was carried in NPI-Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan from June to December 2017. Altogether, 3610 clinical specimens mainly pus, blood and urine were collected, streaked on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The confirmed colonies of S. aureus were sub-cultured on Nutrient Agar. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all isolates S. aureus was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) were confirmed as MRSA. Result: Among 3610 total clinical samples, 17.6 % (635/3610) showed growth and 95(14.96%) S. aureus were isolated. Higher number of S. aureus was isolated from pus sample (93.15%). Out of 95 S. aureus isolates, 55 (57.89%) were identified as MRSA while 40 (42.10%) were MSSA. Vancomycin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol were found to be most effective antibiotic against isolates. Whereas, the least effective antibiotic was cefoxitin followed by amoxiclav, oxacillin and amoxicillin. Conclusion: This study concludes that the overall prevalence of MRSA and MDR among the bacterial isolates is higher compared to other studies. So, it is recommended to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of pathogens regularly and study the epidemiology of such isolates.  

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA] Isolates at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore, South India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 082-084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Pai ◽  
Venkatakrishna I Rao ◽  
Sunil P Rao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

ABSTRACT Background/Aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in our hospital located in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: The bacterial isolates from various clinical specimens of patients admitted in our hospital were cultured as per standard protocol and all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained were included in the study. The isolates were identified by standard methods like catalase test, slide and tube coagulase tests, and growth on Mannitol salt agar (HiMedia Lab, Mumbai). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The D-test for inducible clindamycin resistance was performed. The isolates were tested for methicillin resistance by using oxacillin disc by disc diffusion method and confirmed by agar screen test (oxacillin 6 μgm/ml). The results were interpreted according to CLSI criteria. Results: During a period of one year, a total of 237 isolates of S. aureus were studied and 69 (29.1%) were found to be methicillin-resistant. MRSA isolates showed greater resistance to multiple drugs than methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus MSSA isolates. Inducible clindamycin resistance was 18.8% in MRSA as against 3.5% in MSSA. About 40–50% of MRSA were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol, while less than 30% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. However, all strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusion: The regular surveillance of hospital-acquired infections of MRSA may be helpful in formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy. This may also help in preserving antibiotics like vancomycin, only for life-threatening staphylococcal diseases.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Bhatt ◽  
BMS Karki ◽  
B Baral ◽  
S Gautam ◽  
A Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureushas emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. It invokes a tremendous financial burden and enhanced morbidity and mortality due to difficult to treat systemic infections.Aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Different clinical specimens were collected and processed for routine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test by standard microbiology techniques. Results: Out of 1173 samples received for microbiological examination, 100 were found to be S. aureus with 19% cases were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fourteen MRSA were found from inpatient and 5 were from outpatient. MRSA was found higher in female than male and maximum number (31.5%) was found in age group 0-10 years. Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (90%), Gentamycin (83%), and tetracycline (81%). On urine isolates Nitrofurantoin(91.6%) was drug of choice. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G. In case of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (84.2%), Tetracycline (63.1%), Ciprofloxacin (42%) and Gentamycin (36.8%). Among urine isolates Nitrofutantoin showed 87.5% sensitive followed by Norfloxacin (75%). Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found 19% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It was most common in females, hospitalized patients and young age group. Vancomycin seems to be drug of choice followed by Amikacin. It would be helpful to formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy and ensure proper empiric treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10297 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 548-551   

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