Accounting for Toxicity Test Variability in Evaluating Test Results

This study was started by extraction of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume. Using organic solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water) followed by phytochemical screening and toxicity test using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Isolation and identification of chemical compounds contained in the fraction were done by column chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and phenolics in the extract. Toxicity test results showed that the ethyl acetate extract was potentially active with LC50 value of 617.95 ppm. The extract was continued to isolation stage and gave fraction EKEA-3.1 with LC50 value of 2759.93 ppm. Identification of chemical compounds in EKEA-3.1 with KG-MS analysis showed that EKEA-3.1 was suspected to be Stigmastan-3,5-diene.

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Importance of Ionic Composition of Reconstituted Laboratory Test Water in Interpreting Metal Toxicity Test Results

Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Science, Policy, and Standardization—Implications for Environmental Decisions: Tenth Volume ◽

10.1520/stp10241s ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 3-3-13

Author(s):

PG Welsh ◽

GA Chapman ◽

JA Hansen ◽

J Lipton

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Test ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Metal Toxicity ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Test Results ◽

Test Water

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Higher than … or lower than ….? Evidence for the validity of the extrapolation of laboratory toxicity test results to predict the effects of chemicals and ionising radiation in the field

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity ◽

10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 211 ◽

pp. 105757

Author(s):

David J. Spurgeon

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Test ◽

Ionising Radiation ◽

Test Results

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An ecosystem modelling approach for deriving water quality criteria

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.582 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. De Laender ◽

K.A.C. De Schamphelaere ◽

C.R. Janssen ◽

P.A. Vanrolleghem

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Quality Criteria ◽

Single Species ◽

Water Quality Criteria ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Ecosystem Modelling ◽

Test Results ◽

Data Set ◽

Modelling Approach

Ecological effects of chemicals on ecosystems are the result of direct effects of the chemical, determined in single-species toxicity testing, and indirect effects due to ecological interactions between species. Current experimental methods to account for such interactions are expensive. Hence, mathematical models of ecosystems have been proposed as an alternative. The use of these models often requires extensive calibration, which hampers their use as a general tool in ecological effect assessments. Here we present a novel ecosystem modelling approach which assesses effects of chemicals on ecosystems by integrating single-species toxicity test results and ecological interactions, without the need for calibration on case-specific data. The methodology is validated by comparing predicted ecological effects of copper in a freshwater planktonic ecosystem with an experimental ecosystem data set. Two main effects reflected by this data set (a decrease of cladocerans and an increase of small phytoplankton) which were unpredictable from single-species toxicity test results alone, were predicted accurately by the developed model. Effects on populations which don't interact directly with other populations, were predicted equally well by single-species toxicity test results as by the ecosystem model. The small amount of required data and the high predictive capacity can make this ecosystem modelling approach an efficient tool in water quality criteria derivation for chemicals.

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ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i2.36316 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽

AJI SUTRISNO ◽

TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽

HARIJONO ◽

MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Test Results ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

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