scholarly journals Lichens growth on Sun Temple of Konark in Odisha, India- A curse or blessing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Nayak ◽  
Prashant Kumar Behera ◽  
Rajesh Bajpai ◽  
Dalip Kumar Upreti ◽  
Kunja Bihari Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Crustose Lichen ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Foliose Lichen ◽  
Lichen Growth

The present observation on the famous Sun Temple of Konark, Odisha for Lichen growth revealed that a more than 500 different spots were found on main temple, small sculptures erected within the temple premises and boundary walls. A total of 15 species belonging 14 genera and 11 families were found growing on the sites surveyed. Ten lichen species tightly adhere to the substrate forming crust (crustose lichen) and producing secondary metabolites were dominated on almost all the sites while only four leafy (foliose lichen) species and one squamulose species were recorded.

scholarly journals Lichens growth on Sun Temple of Konark in Odisha, India- A curse or blessing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Nayak ◽  
Prashant Kumar Behera ◽  
Rajesh Bajpai ◽  
Dalip Kumar Upreti ◽  
Kunja Bihari Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Crustose Lichen ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Foliose Lichen ◽  
Lichen Growth

The present observation on the famous Sun Temple of Konark, Odisha for Lichen growth revealed that a more than 500 different spots were found on main temple, small sculptures erected within the temple premises and boundary walls. A total of 15 species belonging 14 genera and 11 families were found growing on the sites surveyed. Ten lichen species tightly adhere to the substrate forming crust (crustose lichen) and producing secondary metabolites were dominated on almost all the sites while only four leafy (foliose lichen) species and one quamulose species were recorded.

scholarly journals Advances in biotechnology of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L.: a nutraceuticals-rich fruit tree with multifaceted ethnomedicinal uses

3 Biotech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Gantait ◽  
Manisha Mahanta ◽  
Soumen Bera ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Almost All

AbstractEmblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L., universally known as ‘Amla’ or ‘Aonla’ or ‘Indian gooseberry’, is a popular fruit tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae and order Geraniales. It is said to be the very first tree that originated on earth, as claimed by age-old Indian mythology. Almost all parts of the tree i.e., root, bark, leaf, flower, fruit and seed are utilized in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal formulations to improve the overall digestive process, decrease fever, act as a blood purifier, relieve asthma and cough, improve heart health, etc. This tree contains major secondary metabolites like emblicanin-A and emblicanin-B, and also is an affluent source of vitamin-C. Additionally, some other secondary metabolites like tannins, gallic acid, pyrogallol, and pectin are also present in significant amounts. Conventional propagation has been improved via suitable interventions of agrotechnology both in production and protection areas. However, the rate of propagation remains slower; therefore, attempts have been made for biotechnological advancements on E. officinalis. The present review makes an attempt to highlight the botanical description, geographical distribution, ethnopharmacological importance, conventional propagation and protection of this medicinal tree, describing the in vitro-based plant organ and tissue culture methods like direct and indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis along with interventions of molecular marker-based biotechnology and nanotechnology. Further, the prospect of the yet-to-be-explored biotechnological methods for secondary metabolite enhancement like cell suspension, protoplast culture, genetic transformation, etc. and their potential for enhanced emblicanin production have also been discussed in this appraisal.

scholarly journals Effects of some terricolous lichens [Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., Peltigera neckerii Hepp ex Müll. Arg., Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb.] on soil bacteria in natural conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Akpinar ◽  
S. Ozturk ◽  
M. Sinirtas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
Terricolous Lichen ◽  
Peltigera Rufescens

This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of some terricolous lichens on soil bacteria’s growth in natural conditions. It is focused on species of bacteria and also on numbers of colony of soil specimens that were taken from substrates of three different terricolous lichen species. <I>Peltigera rufescens</I> (Weiss) Humb., which has not secondary metabolites, did not show an inhibition effect on soil bacteria. However, <I>Peltigera neckerii</I> Hepp ex Müll. Arg., which has secondary metabolites, has a negative effect on soil bacteria’s growth. Besides, it was observed that<I> Cladonia rangiformis</I> Hoffm., which has many kinds of secondary metabolites, has the highest inhibition effect among the studied species. For this reason, we think that in the next researches, it is convenient to investigate elaborately by soil analysis the effect of lichen’s secondary metabolites that have an effect on soil mineralization, on soil bacteria’s growth.

Three new crustose lichen species from Sri Lanka

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chandrani Wijeyaratne ◽  
Robert Lücking ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Crustose Lichen

scholarly journals Immunoelectron microscope localization of cytochrome P-450 on microsomes and other membrane structures of rat hepatocytes.

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Matsuura ◽  
Y Fujii-Kuriyama ◽  
Y Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Localization of cytochrome P-450 on various membrane fractions of rat liver cells was studied by direct immunoelectron microscopy using ferritin-conjugated antibody to the cytochrome. The outer surfaces of almost all the microsomal vesicles were labeled with ferritin particles. The distribution of the particles on each microsomal vesicle was usually heterogeneous, indicating clustering of the cytochrome, and phenobarbital treatment markedly increased the labeled regions of the microsomal membranes. The outer nuclear envelopes were also labeled with ferritin particles, while on the surface of other membrane structures such as Golgi complexes, outer mitochondrial membranes and plasma membranes the labeling was scanty and at the control level. The present observation indicates that cytochrome P-450 molecules are localized exclusively on endoplasmic reticulum membranes and outer nuclear envelopes where they are probably distributed not uniformly but heterogeneously, forming clusters or patches. The physiological significance of such microheterogeneity in the distribution of the cytochrome on endoplasmic reticulum membranes is discussed.

scholarly journals MOTIF HIAS PADA PELIPIT CANDI

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Rita Istari
Keyword(s):  
Main Character ◽  
Decorative Motifs ◽  
Shadow Play ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Temple

Decorative motifs found in Hindu and Buddhist temples, usually are depicted on almost all parts of buildings. Decorative motif in the form of reliefs consisted of geometric ornaments, nature, plants, animals, and humans. Relief there is a series of panels connected to one another with stories taken shadow-play epic. Fables are also often depicted. Stories with animals as the main character containing morale for human’s life. Temple has 3 main parts, namely the base, body, and roof of the temple. In addition there is also a section called cornice and plinth. This serves as a separator between the three parts of the temple. To add beauty and give the impression of a slender building, then on cornice and plinth was carved decorative motif that surrounds the temple. The various decorative motifs will be discussed at length in this paper. 

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