scholarly journals Effects of some terricolous lichens [Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., Peltigera neckerii Hepp ex Müll. Arg., Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb.] on soil bacteria in natural conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.U. Akpinar ◽  
S. Ozturk ◽  
M. Sinirtas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
Terricolous Lichen ◽  
Peltigera Rufescens

This paper is aimed to investigate the effects of some terricolous lichens on soil bacteria’s growth in natural conditions. It is focused on species of bacteria and also on numbers of colony of soil specimens that were taken from substrates of three different terricolous lichen species. <I>Peltigera rufescens</I> (Weiss) Humb., which has not secondary metabolites, did not show an inhibition effect on soil bacteria. However, <I>Peltigera neckerii</I> Hepp ex Müll. Arg., which has secondary metabolites, has a negative effect on soil bacteria’s growth. Besides, it was observed that<I> Cladonia rangiformis</I> Hoffm., which has many kinds of secondary metabolites, has the highest inhibition effect among the studied species. For this reason, we think that in the next researches, it is convenient to investigate elaborately by soil analysis the effect of lichen’s secondary metabolites that have an effect on soil mineralization, on soil bacteria’s growth.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

scholarly journals Roles of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites during Interactions with Pathogenic and Beneficial Microbes under Conditions of Environmental Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hiruma
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Biotic Stresses

Under natural conditions, plants generate a vast array of secondary metabolites. Several of these accumulate at widely varying levels in the same plant species and are reportedly critical for plant adaptation to abiotic and/or biotic stresses. Some secondary metabolite pathways are required for beneficial interactions with bacterial and fungal microbes and are also regulated by host nutrient availability so that beneficial interactions are enforced. These observations suggest an interplay between host nutrient pathways and the regulation of secondary metabolites that establish beneficial interactions with microbes. In this review, I introduce the roles of tryptophan-derived and phenylpropanoid secondary-metabolite pathways during plant interactions with pathogenic and beneficial microbes and describe how these pathways are regulated by nutrient availability.

Biodegradable Composite Polyethylene Film

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
T.V. Shevchenko ◽  
Yu.V. Ustinova ◽  
A.M. Popov ◽  
E.D. Mel’nikova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Biodegradable Films ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Laboratory Technology

The results of research on the creation of biodegradable polymer films using porous materials of various chemical nature - porous aluminosilicate microspheres extracted from fly ash formed during the combustion of coal and porous oxidized coal, which are pre-saturated with sugar solutions, are presented. Laboratory technology is based on a hot-mix of two films, between which a filler pre-impregnated with a solution of sugar was previously placed. The proposed technology for obtaining biodegradable films involves the use of industrial devices, such as an extruder, calender, etc. With the help of field tests, a sharp decrease in the time of their destruction under natural conditions due to the activation of soil bacteria capable of destroying polymer compositions has been proved. A version of the industrial technology of accelerated destruction of used films by the microbiological method at special test sites is proposed.

scholarly journals Rendemen dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) dengan Metode Maserasi Ultrasonikasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Destria Indah Sari ◽  
Liling Triyasmono
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Extract Yield ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Negative Effect

ABSTRAK Penggunaan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut ekstraksi merupakan beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi jumlah rendemen dan kandungan metabolit sekunder suatu ekstrak. Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan di Kalimantan Selatan, dan bagian kulit batangnya sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat untuk mengatasi pengaruh buruk sinar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rendemen dan kandungan flavonoid total dalam ekstrak etanol kulit batang bangkal dengan metode maserasi ultrasonikasi. Konsentrasi pelarut etanol divariasikan menjadi 30%, 50%, 70%, dan 96%. Hasil rendemen yang diperoleh untuk masing-masing konsentrasi tersebut yaitu 2,60%; 1,88%; 1;88%; 1,92%. Sedangkan total flavonoid yang diperoleh dari dua replikasi sebesar 12,329 ± 0,251 EK, 8,865 ± 0,058 EK, 18,012 ± 0,461 EK, dan 44,728 ± 2,525 EK. Kata kunci : bangkal (Nauclea subdita), rendemen, flavonoid total, maserasi ultrasonikasi ABSTRACT Solvent type and concentration were some factors that could effect extract yield and secondary metabolites content. Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) were one of the plant on South Kalimantan, and its bark were used to treat sunrays negative effect. This research was aimed to determined extract yield and total flavonoid content using ultrasonicated maceration methode. Ethanol concentration were varied to 30%, 50%, 70%, and 96%. Yield obtained from those concentrations were 2.06% , 1.88%, 1.88%, and 1.92%, respectively. While total flavonoid content obtained from conducted in duplication were 12.329 ± 0.251 QE, 8.865 ± 0.058 QE, 18.012 ± 0.461 QE, and 44.728 ± 2.525 QE, respectively. Keywords: Nauclea subdita, extract yield, total flavonoid, ultrasonicated maceration.

scholarly journals The Role of Substrate Type, Moisture and Temperature on the Vertical Growth of Terricolous Lichens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Monge-Nájera
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Soft Ground ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Terricolous Lichen ◽  
Recorded Temperature

Lichens are traditionally divided into short &ldquo;crustose&rdquo;, intermediate &ldquo;foliose&rdquo; and tall &ldquo;fruticose&rdquo; types, a practice that hides a growth continuum. Substrate, temperature and water are thought to affect vertical growth, but such factors are difficult to measure, because, for example, the water actually available to lichens does not match rainfall patterns or even ground water levels. To reliably assess the effect of those factors, I recorded temperature, moisture, and substrate in and under individual terricolous lichen colonies in 60 fixed quadrats on April, August, October, and December of 2015 (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica, 9&deg;33&prime;N; 83&deg;45&prime;W). The measurements were taken inside the colonies themselves (rather than on the general environment), covering an annual cycle of the relatively simple p&aacute;ramo habitat, where animals and vegetation have less impact than in lower ecosystems. The hypotheses were that lichens would grow taller on softer, warmer, and moister ground; on the Caribbean versant; and on the rainy season. Results matched the hypotheses, with one exception: lichens on soft ground were not taller than those on rock. Caribbean colonies were, on the average, 7 cm taller than those on the drier Pacific versant. Physiologically available water seems to be the main determinant of lichen vertical growth: more water means taller lichens and greater protection from climatic change for both the lichens and their microcommunities.

scholarly journals Lichens: traditional use and biological activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchira R. Sutar ◽  
◽  
Subhash B. Gaikwad ◽  
Sachin V. Mapari ◽  
Bhaskar C. Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Immense Potential

Lichens are a stable symbiotic association between photobiont (algae and/or cyanobacteria) and mycobiont (fungi). They are utilized in traditional medicine for ages and documented in various pharmacopeia throughout the world. India is having a rich diversity of lichen species represented by about 2400 species. The tribal inhabitant around forests and other difficult terrains acquired unique knowledge about the use of much wide flora and fauna. Most of these are either lesser known or unknown to the outside world. The treasure of traditional knowledge if subjected to scientific scrutiny could benefit humankind in many ways. They produce unique secondary metabolites through various metabolic pathways and are known to exhibit a wide array of bioactivities. We have reviewed the literature for traditional knowledge of the lichen species and biological activities reported to study its inter-relationship. It was observed that that still a major percentage of lichens have remained unexplored. These lichens may have immense potential; and if analysed could be used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic industries, and many more.

scholarly journals The Opportunity of Understorey Species to Absorb Secondary Metabolites in the Soil (Case Study in IUPHHK- Industrial Plantation Forests PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Simon Sidabukke ◽  
Ternala Alexander Barus ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Delvian ◽  
Mona Fhitri Srena
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Industrial Plantation ◽  
Species Area ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Industrial Forestry

PT. Toba Pulp Lestari, Tbk is one of the industrial forestry companies with Eucalyptus as the main species. This research was conducted in a concession area located in Aek Nauli Plantation, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra with an area of 22,533 Ha. The sample of this research is understorey species (height: 1.5 meters) under Eucalyptus stand in cycles 2, 3, 4 and 5 planted in 2015. To find out the composition of plant species, vegetation analysis was conducted initially by making minimum species-area curves to determine the number of plots. The placement of the sample starts with randomly distributed on plotted paths. The number of plots in each cycle is as many as 32 plots, 32 plots, 32 plots, 4 plots by 256 plots and 5 plots for 32 plots. The results of soil analysis found that secondary metabolic in eucalyptus soil classified into terpenoid which located at a distance of 50 cm (flat) and 100 cm (flat) from the tree at 2 years old Eucalyptus stand. The terpenoids also distributed in distance of 50 cm from trees with flat topography on 4 years old Eucalyptus stand. For 6 years old Eucalyptus stand, terpenoid distributed on 150 cm from a tree and there was also a saponin within 150 cm from a tree with sloping topography. If the dominant undergrowth grows were Strong and Senduduk, the secondary metabolism in the soil will be absorbed by this species.

scholarly journals Morpho-Functional Organization Of Hypothalamus

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Khurshida Olimjonovna Pardaeva ◽  
◽  
Zilola Olimjonovna Sobirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Negative Effect

This article highlights the theory of critical stages in the development of integrative brain activity in the phylogenesis of the vertebrate brain, examines the quantitative parameters of temperature and their extreme fluctuations in natural conditions; considered that the duration and intensity of the increase ,exposure to high temperatures leads to the development of hyperthermia; the facts of the negative effect of high temperature on physical performance are given, which leads to a violation of a number of body functions and the occurrence of stress reactions.

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