Sero-Prevalence and Factors Associated with Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in the Referral Hospital in Tanzania: Cross Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elichilia R Shao ◽  
Stanley G Ndazana
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Institutional Based Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study on Toxoplasmosis Sero-Prevalence, Awareness and Risk Behavior Among Pregnant Women Following Antenatal Care in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Ethiopia 2018/19.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimeles Adugna Elemo
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk

Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular parasite. The infections produced a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, land and sea mammals, and various bird species. Toxoplasmosis is especially important among Immune-compromised patients and pregnant women. Infection of mothers during pregnancy by Toxoplasma gondii may have serious consequences for fetus ranging from miscarriage, central nervous system involvement, retinochoroditis, or at birth subclinical infection.Objective: To determine Toxoplasmosis sero-prevalence, awareness and risk behavior among pregnant women following antenatal care in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Asella, Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional based quantitative cross sectional study design was conducted on sample size of 384 from December 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. Structured, a pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the demographic and risk factor related data. Serum sample, collected was tested for Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using anti- IgG and IgM antibodies by Toxoplasma immune-chromatographic test (ICT) IgG-IgM test. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was applied to show association between the dependent and independent variables considering P < 0.05 and the 95% confidence interval. Result: The overall sero prevalence of T. gondii in the study area was 81.8 %. Three hundred and fourteen (81.8 %) of the pregnant women were IgG seropositive, fifty women (13 %) were IgM seropositive. fifty women were positive for both IgG and IgM. None of the pregnant women were positive exclusively for IgG and IgM ani-bodies. eating raw meat (COR=3.480, 95%CI: 1.450-8.352; P= 0.005, AOR=3.798, 95%CI: 1.249-11.550, P=0.19), using unpasteurized milk(COR=3.860, 95%CI: 2.118-7.037; P= 0.000, AOR=3.907, 95%CI:1.744-8.751, P=0.001), having three or more children(COR=2.194, 95%CI: 1.065-4.518; P= 0.033) and Consumption of raw egg(COR=2.042, 95%CI: 1.049-3.974; P= 0.036)Conclusion: The sero-prevalence of T. gondii antibodies was high among the pregnant women. Those who consumed raw meat and egg, unpasteurized milk and those who have three or more children were at higher risk of T. gondii infection. Hence, blood screening for Toxoplasmosis, health education and awareness creation among pregnant women should be done during antenatal follow up.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending Antenatal care in Dilla University Referral Hospital Gedio Zone, Ethiopia; health facility based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249216
Author(s):  
Adugnaw Atnafu Atalay ◽  
Reta Kassa Abebe ◽  
Aberash Eifa Dadhi ◽  
Worku Ketema Bededa
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction A pregnancy that has been complicated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection results in typical management problems for both the mother and the newborn. One of the universal efforts in tackling the impact of chronic HBV is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission during Antenatal care via prompt screening as the majority of chronic infections globally harbored during this period. Rewarding result have been achieved in reducing this problem at this period of life through maternal screening programs and universal vaccination of infants. This study was aimed at assessing the seroprevalence and associated risk factor of HBV among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH), Southern Ethiopia. Method A facility- based cross- sectional study was conducted from December 01 to May 30, 2017 among pregnant women attending ANC. A total of 236 pregnant women were included in this study. All Pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic and were volunteer during the study period were included, whereas those women who were unable to communicate due to any problem, and not volunteer to give informed consent were excluded. Volunteer participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and had offered to test for HBsAg infection. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results From 215 pregnant women attending ANC, the prevalence of HBsAg by the rapid test was found to be 11 (5.1%). Among the study participants, 91.1% (215) were tested for HIV antibody during the ANC visit, with the positivity rate of 4.5%. The result showed 1.86% of the study participants who were tested for HIV were also positive for HBsAg. Among those factors affecting the transmission of HBV infection, multiple partners and HIV confection have significant association at P-value less than 0.05. Conclusion The Seropositivity of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women was found to be significant and hence, routine screening of pregnant mother at Antenatal care for this virus, and subsequent management according to the guideline for both the mother and child is recommended.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bhavana Singh ◽  
Linda Batsa Debrah ◽  
Godfred Acheampong ◽  
Alexander Yaw Debrah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Level Hospital

Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.

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