Factors associated with dietary diversity and physical activity of pregnant women in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study at an antenatal care setting

Background: The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy include lower maternal weight gain, a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes, low back pain, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, caesarian delivery, and macrosomia. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with insufficient leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the first trimester. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology of Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, between January and June of 2018. The final analyses included 162/175 pregnant women. The questionnaire was used to obtain social characteristics, pregnancy, and lifestyle characteristics (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System—PRAMS), pre-pregnancy LTPA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—IPAQ), and LTPA during the first trimester (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire—PPAQ). Women were classified into two groups of sufficient and insufficient LTPA during the first trimester based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: A total of 27.2% of the women had insufficient LTPA during pregnancy. Insufficient LTPA during pregnancy was associated with <12 years of education (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.05–5.04), self-rated financial status as poor (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.79), and hours spent walking before pregnancy (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99). Conclusions: Our results can help direct health care professionals advice for women who are planning pregnancy towards walking as it seems to be sustained during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Level of and factors associated with awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kawempe National Referral Hospital: a cross sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03927-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Byakwaga ◽

Musa Sekikubo ◽

Annettee Nakimuli

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

National Referral Hospital

Abstract Background The burden of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is significantly increasing worldwide and the disorder causes substantial short term and long-term adverse effects both to the mother and the unborn baby. Public health measures to increase awareness of GDM among pregnant women may aid in prevention of the disease through life style modification, screening, early diagnosis and management but very few studies have assessed awareness of GDM among pregnant women in sub Saharan Africa and none of these are from Uganda. This study therefore sought to evaluate the level of and factors associated with awareness of GDM among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Kawempe National Referral Hospital (KNRH), the busiest obstetric unit in Uganda, so as to assess their health sensitization needs. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited 403 participants at 30 weeks of gestation and above after giving written informed consent. Systematic sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. The collected data was entered in Epidata version 4.2 and exported to Stata for analysis. Continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and proportions. Factors associated with awareness were assessed at both bivariate and multivariate levels. Results Four hundred three pregnant women were recruited, majority (35.5 %) were between 20 and 24 years and their mean age was 26.6 years. Only 125 (31 %) participants were aware of GDM. Age and educational level were significantly associated with awareness of GDM. Women aged 35 years and above were more likely to be aware of GDM (OR = 2.34 (95 % CI = 1.14–4.81) p = 0.021. Women with primary education or no education were less likely to be aware (OR = 0.48 (CI 0.24–0.96) p = 0.038. Conclusions Awareness of GDM was poor among study participants. There is need to improve the health education programs in order to increase awareness of GDM among women attending ANC at KNRH. Women below 35 years of age and those with primary education or less should be specifically targeted when giving health education sessions so as to increase their awareness of GDM.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with dietary diversity among pregnant women in the western hill region of Nepal: A community based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0247085

Author(s):

Vintuna Shrestha ◽

Rajan Paudel ◽

Dev Ram Sunuwar ◽

Andrew L. Thorne Lyman ◽

Swetha Manohar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hill Region

Background Dietary diversity can play an important role in providing essential nutrients for both mother and fetus during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with dietary diversity during pregnancy in the western hill region of Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study of 327 pregnant women was conducted in an urban municipality of Baglung district in the western hill region of Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on household demographic and socioeconomic status, food taboos, household food security status, nutrition-related knowledge in pregnancy, and women’s empowerment. Women consuming ≥5 of 10 food groups in the past 24 hours were defined as consuming a diverse diet using the Minimum Dietary Diversity Score for Women (MDD-W) tool. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to understand factors associated with dietary diversity. Results Almost 45% (95% CI: 39.6–50.4) of the participants did not consume a diverse diet and the mean dietary diversity score was 4.76 ± 1.23. Multivariable analysis revealed that women with greater empowerment (aOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9–9.9), from wealthier households (aOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.7–9.3), joint families (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.1), employment (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–4.1), and had adequate nutrition knowledge (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4) had higher odds of dietary diversity. Conclusion Along with socioeconomic status, women’s empowerment and nutrition knowledge were modifiable risk factors that should be considered as targets for programs to improve women’s health during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bench Maji, Keffa and Sheka zones of public hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia, 2018: A cross -sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0225148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. e0225148

Author(s):

Tesfaye Abera Gudeta ◽

Tilahun Mekonnen Regassa ◽

Alemayehu Sayih Belay

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Factors Associated

Download Full-text

Factors Influencing Dietary Diversity of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Western Regional Hospital, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jkahs.v2i3.26653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 189-196

Author(s):

Nishant Lama ◽

Rajendra Lamichhne ◽

Rajan Bhandari ◽

Shrejana K.C. ◽

Deepak Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Status ◽

Western Regional

Background: Diet during pregnancy is important to fulfill the nutritional demand of physiological changes as well as to create environment for fetal development. Studies have shown that micronutrient deficiencies are high due to low dietary diversity. In Nepal, meal diversity scores of mother and children are low. The situation of dietary diversity among pregnant women was unknown in Western Region of Nepal. Thus, this study was conducted togenerate evidence regarding status and determinants of dietary diversity among pregnant women. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Systematic random sampling was done to select 282 pregnant women of third trimester attending antenatal care in Western Regional Hospital, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire, 24 hour recall tool andHousehold Food Insecurity Access Scale were used to collect information from participants. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the status, association as well as strength of association between study variables respectively. Results: The mean (±SD) Women's Dietary Diversity Score was 4.96 (±1.42). Pregnant women having education level < SLC compared to ≥ SLC were 74.7% less likely to have high dietary diversity to lowest dietary diversity (AOR: 0.253, CI: 0.103 – 0.620, p=0.003). Similarly, pregnant women having unpaid occupation of husbands compared to paid were 74.5% less likely to have high dietary diversity to lowest dietary diversity (AOR: 0.255, CI: 0.074 – 0.876, p=0.030). Conclusions: Consumption of medium dietary diversity was predominant among pregnant women. Education of the pregnant women and occupation of her husband werethe two significantly associatedfactors with dietary diversity.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with the level of physical activity in a multi-ethnic pregnant population – a cross-sectional study at the time of diagnosis with gestational diabetes

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04335-x ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L Garnweidner-Holme ◽

L Henriksen ◽

K Bjerkan ◽

J Lium ◽

M Lukasse

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Family Income ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Positive Effects

Abstract Background Regular physical activity during pregnancy can prevent several adverse health outcomes during this period of a woman’s life. Previous studies have shown that many women do not meet national recommendations for physical activity. This study aims to examine factors associated with sufficient leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a multicultural sample of pregnant women recently diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among 238 pregnant women. The women were recruited at diabetes outpatient clinics in the Oslo region of Norway from October 2015 to April 2017. The participants reported their activity levels using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Pearson’s chi-square tests were used to assess differences in socio-demographic, health and pregnancy-related characteristics in relation to sufficient and insufficient LTPA, and logistic regression modelling was employed to predict the likelihood of insufficient LTPA. Results Less than half of the women in the sample (44.5%) had sufficient LTPA according to the minimum of ≥600 Met minutes per week. The majority of women were motivated to be physically active during pregnancy (84.9%). A low joint family income and being over 38 years of age increased the odds of not having sufficient LTPA. Women with sufficient LTPA had significantly higher scores of perceived health (p = 0.007). Conclusions The study indicates that pregnant women need to be better informed about the positive effects of physical activity on individually perceived health. To address the low levels of LTPA among pregnant women, communication strategies must be tailored towards women with low socio-economic backgrounds. Trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02588729

Download Full-text