scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL (HISTORICAL AND LEGAL) PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Ramazanov A.H. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Theological Method ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Memento Mori ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Scientific Metaphysics ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the key problem of methodological search in historical and legal research on the global theme of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic war. A synthesis of proven methods (formational, civilizational) using scientific metaphysics at the level of the theological method is undertaken. The study reflects the transition from monism to pluralism, taking into account both the regularities of the legal development of mankind, and the multi-variant nature of this process. In conclusion, it is concluded that there is no alternative to the new level of methodological search. A new level of methodological search entails the use of a new methodology that allows you to evaluate all the main subjects of the topic as right or wrong, which involves the development of appropriate criteria, depending on the methodological justification. Methodological work on this topic focuses historical and legal research on understanding the essence of legal existence in the context of the ancient Roman greeting of the triumphant memento mori.

The Soviet Legacy in Thinking about Fascism

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
Second World

This chapter goes back in time to look at the Soviet construction of the Russian term fashizm and some of the ambiguities that the Soviet society cultivated toward the term and its historical personification, Nazi Germany. It recalls that the term fascism (fashizm), in Soviet times, belonged more to an emotional than to an analytical lexicon. The chapter also discusses Russia's history and Russians' memories of the Second World War, called the Great Patriotic War in Russian (Velikaia otechestvennaia voina) and Victory Day (Den´ pobedy). It reviews how the cult of war is intimately linked to the Brezhnev era and provided the context in which commemoration of the Great Patriotic War was institutionalized as a sacred symbol of the Soviet Union, a confirmation of the soundness of the socialist system and the unity of its peoples. The chapter then argues that the very solemnity of Soviet anti-fascism, and its centrality to the country's political identity constitute the fundaments inherited from Soviet times on the basis of which the notion of fascism is operationalized in today's Russia. Ultimately, the chapter further elaborates the three main sources of the Soviet's cryptic fascination with Nazi Germany and source of knowledge about fashizm: the Nazi propaganda, criminal culture, and cinema and culture.

scholarly journals Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War as a Soft Power Resource of Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
A.O. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the study of the role of historical memory of the Great Patriotic War as a resource of soft power of the Russian Federation. The research methods used are the method of historicism, institutional approach and comparative analysis. In this context, the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and the BRICS (Russia, Brazil, India, China, South Africa) are considered as objects of implementation of the domestic soft power policy. The author reveals the awareness of the peoples of these states about the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War, the attitude of political elites to the events of 1939-1945, peculiarity of state politics of historical memory in relation to this global conflict. Based on this analysis, proposals are formulated to optimize the Russian strategy of soft power in the EEU and BRICS countries. The author concludes that the narrative of the Great Victory is potentially a very effective resource of modern Russia’s soft power.

scholarly journals On Damages Inflicted upon the Stalingrad Section of the Lower Volga Steamship Line in the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Olesya Gomanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Second World

Introduction. The paper reviews the Lower Volga shipping industry before the Great Patriotic War and after the Battle of Stalingrad. The goal is to establish the loss inflicted by the invaders upon the facilities of the Stalingrad section of the Lower Volga Steamship Line that suffered most from the hostilities. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The paper is based on unpublished archival materials as well as on scientific publications on the Lower Volga Steamship Line. Analysis and results. The Lower Volga Steamship Line was created in 1934. It was a big economic entity. The territory of its operation stretched along the Volga from Kamyshin down to Lagan. The Steamship Line comprised two basic sections – the Stalingrad and Astrakhan ones. Before the Second World War the Steamship Line included five production establishments (ship repairing yards and workshops), 17 transit piers, a passenger river-boat station, two local piers with registered fleet, three crossings and other facilities. The Stalingrad section was the largest. Within its boundaries the principal Steamship Line unit was situated – the Stalingrad transit pier. 90 percent of it was destroyed in the Battle of Stalingrad. The Stalingrad section of the Steamship Line suffered most from the hostilities. The total amount of damage of the Steamship Line has been established.

The War in the Historical Memory of Nations

2015 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Second World

There is no doubt that the most important event of the 20th century was a joint victory of the united front of peoples and states over German fascism. For some that was the victory in the Second World War. For the Russians - the victory in the Great Patriotic War which cost the Soviet Union incredible efforts, enormous sacrifices and material losses. Now when we celebrate the 70thyear since that epoch-making date we turn our attention once more to the lessons of history because the memory of the war has been imprinted deeply on our gene level of Russians and Germans. This is because every family from both sides sustained heavy losses. This memory is alive in literature, in movies and plays, songs, in memorials, biographies and historical dates. The Russian and German descendants of those who fought against each other are doing an important work searching for the killed, looking after the burial places, compensating the damage to the victims of this inhuman massacre, trying to understand critically our common and controversial past. What was the 9th of May for the Germans and the Russians in the perception of Germans and Russians? Was it a victory, a defeat or liberation? This is what the author of the article reflects on, convinced that we are anyway dealing with the greatest event of the 20th century, at least because it prevented the end of civilization.

About the beginning of World War II: historical and legal research. Part two

2021 ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

This article is a continuation of the one that was published in the journal “State and Law” in 2020 (No. 8). It examines the circumstances of Hitler's decision to attack Poland on September 1, 1939, which began the Second World War. The author decides what influenced his acceptance more - the policy of appeasement, which Britain and France adhered to in relation to Hitler, or the signing by the Soviet Union of an additional secret protocol to the Non-Aggression Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) signed by its parties on August 23, 1939?

Gender, Memory, and National Myths: Ol'ga Berggol'ts and the Siege of Leningrad

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kirschenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Shared Memory ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
War Dead ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

In Russia, the memory of the Second World War has been at once deeply personal and profoundly political. Largely erased from official memory until Stalin's death, the story of the war became, in the 1960s, a key means of legitimizing the Soviet state. The mythic “20 million”—more recent estimates are closer to 30 million war dead—became the heart of a lasting and state-sanctioned collective memory of shared suffering, patriotism, and redemption. As historian Nina Tumarkin has argued, the official “cult” of the war began to crumble in the mid-1980s, and what she calls “raw human memory,” personal stories untainted by the myth created from above, began to emerge. Tumarkin contends that the “winds of glasnost' and perestroika” effectively “ravaged” both the state-sanctioned “myth” and the “shared memory” of the Great Patriotic War. Personal tragedies began to replace the official tale of national triumph.

scholarly journals Arutjun Marutjan, Как помнят Великую Отечественную в Армении: некоторые наблюдения / How the Great Patriotic War Is Remembered in Armenia: Some Observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The article discusses a neglected aspect in the history of the Second World War and the role of Armenians and their motivation to fight against the Nazi Germany. The author suggests that the memory of the Genocide against the Armenians perpetratrated by Turkey in the First World War with connivence from Germany played an important role in the memory of Soviet Armenians enrolled in the Red Army. This is one of the explanations why the present day Republic of Armenia still maintains – from different reasons – the name The Great Patriotic War instead of Second World War, like Russia.

scholarly journals The Third International Scientific and Educational Conference – “USSR in the Second World War (1939–1945): Historical Memory Issues” (St. Petersburg, October 15–16, 2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Elena Krasnozhenova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Formal Concept ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
War Memories ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Second World

The Third International Scientific and Educational Conference – “USSR in the Second World War (1939–1945): Historical Memory Issues” was devoted to the 75th Anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany and its Allies. The conference became a platform to address topical issues regarding preserving and popularizing the war memories and discussing the role of the USSR in the victory over fascism. The historical events of the Great Patriotic War and Second World War, being both part of historical memory and objects of historical studies, were given consi­deration. The review of the reports, presented at the conference, demonstrates that the authors extensively expand their source base, reconsider the formal concept of war, raise new problems and questions, and apply new approaches to study war memories in general.

scholarly journals FALSIFICATION OF THE HISTORY AND RESULTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN SOME COUNTRIES’ LEGISLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
О. А. Mironova ◽  
A. E. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uniform Policy ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Second World

The relevance of the problem is that at the present stage of development of public relations between Western countries and Russia, attempts are being made to revise the history of the Second world war and such attempts are becoming more distinct over time. The paper proposes to consider the reasons for such actions and analyze the legal acts that are adopted by countries in some countries in the direction of reviewing the prerequisites, causes and results of the great Patriotic War. The methods used in this work are comparative descriptions of normative legal acts aimed at prohibiting Communist symbols and placing them on a par with Nazi symbols. It is also proposed to understand the reasons for the preparation and publication of such acts on the territory of some countries, using the example of the Baltic States and Ukraine. In the final part of the work, we can draw a conclusion about the similarity of legal acts adopted by these States, their uniform policy in the framework of consideration of historical and legal assessments of the Second world war. The results of the work are recommendations that are proposed to be considered and discussed on these proposals, which are aimed at popularizing Patriotic tourism, preserving historical justice and preventing the reformatting of the prerequisites, causes and results of the great Patriotic War. The value of the work is to collect information from official sources, to structure it and to be able to use it in practice. This work allows us to give our own assessment of the formation of rule-making in some post-Soviet countries in the field of discussing the history of the Second world war. The paper provides recommendations for preserving historical memory and achieving the principles of openness and fairness in the interpretation of the results of the Second world war.

A Holiday With Tears Upon Our Eyes: On the Attitude Towards Victory Day in Ukraine

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 296-315
Author(s):  
E.A. Danilova ◽  
◽  
S.G. Sulyak ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Church Schism ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Second World

Traditionally, Victory Day is celebrated by the post-Soviet population as one of the main holidays. Until now, many perceive it in the Soviet interpretation as Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. It is not only the memory of the sacrifice and suffering that the country endured, but also the involvement in the heritage of the victorious generation. Unfortunately, the campaign to “correct” the historical memory, initiated by the West and being carried out in a number of countries of the former USSR, touched upon this holiday as well. Today, in some CIS countries, including Ukraine, some are trying to change the meaning of the holiday to belittle its significance, destroy “Soviet mythology, and dissolve the Great Patriotic War in the Second World War. Despite this, many still consider Victory Day to be the main holiday, as it can be seen from the number and mass of events held annually on May 9. The absence of a nationally responsible elite in the leadership of Ukraine, the European and Euro-Atlantic integration proclaimed by the authorities, Russophobia, the Orthodox Church schism, attempts to rewrite the country‘s history to please the Western “partners”, together with language bans, are increasingly aggravating the civilizational split between the citizens of the country.

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