The termination of coalitions in Belgium

Res Publica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Kris Deschouwer
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
International Context ◽  
Limited Life

Coalitions have a limited life-span. There has been quite some research on the duration of coalitions and on the factors explaining variations in duration. But there is so far no solid theory on the mechanics of the termination of coalitions.This article gives an overview of the mechanics of termination in Belgian politics. By using the contextual approach (Pridham), that has originally been produced to analyse coalition formation, this overview might be a first step in the construction of a comparative explanatory model. The historical context, the institutional setting, the international context and the economical situation are described as elements that affect the termination of coalitions. The Belgian ethno-linguistic cleavage proves to be a very effective coalition-killer.

Archaeologists and the Dead

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experience Effect

This volume addresses the relationship between archaeologists and the dead, through the many dimensions of their relationships: in the field (through practical and legal issues), in the lab (through their analysis and interpretation), and in their written, visual and exhibitionary practice--disseminated to a variety of academic and public audiences. Written from a variety of perspectives, its authors address the experience, effect, ethical considerations, and cultural politics of working with mortuary archaeology. Whilst some papers reflect institutional or organizational approaches, others are more personal in their view: creating exciting and frank insights into contemporary issues that have hitherto often remained "unspoken" among the discipline. Reframing funerary archaeologists as "death-workers" of a kind, the contributors reflect on their own experience to provide both guidance and inspiration to future practitioners, arguing strongly that we have a central role to play in engaging the public with themes of mortality and commemoration, through the lens of the past. Spurred by the recent debates in the UK, papers from Scandinavia, Austria, Italy, the US, and the mid-Atlantic, frame these issues within a much wider international context that highlights the importance of cultural and historical context in which this work takes place.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Group II Introns, Cytochrome c Oxidase, and Senescence in Podospora anserina

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 4093-4100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Begel ◽  
Jocelyne Boulay ◽  
Beatrice Albert ◽  
Eric Dufour ◽  
Annie Sainsard-Chanet
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Integration Site ◽  
Group Ii Intron ◽  
Podospora Anserina ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
First Intron ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mitochondrial Chromosome

ABSTRACT Podospora anserina is a filamentous fungus with a limited life span. It expresses a degenerative syndrome called senescence, which is always associated with the accumulation of circular molecules (senDNAs) containing specific regions of the mitochondrial chromosome. A mobile group II intron (α) has been thought to play a prominent role in this syndrome. Intron α is the first intron of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COX1). Mitochondrial mutants that escape the senescence process are missing this intron, as well as the first exon of theCOX1 gene. We describe here the first mutant of P. anserina that has the α sequence precisely deleted and whose cytochrome c oxidase activity is identical to that of wild-type cells. The integration site of the intron is slightly modified, and this change prevents efficient homing of intron α. We show here that this mutant displays a senescence syndrome similar to that of the wild type and that its life span is increased about twofold. The introduction of a related group II intron into the mitochondrial genome of the mutant does not restore the wild-type life span. These data clearly demonstrate that intron α is not the specific senescence factor but rather an accelerator or amplifier of the senescence process. They emphasize the role that intron α plays in the instability of the mitochondrial chromosome and the link between this instability and longevity. Our results strongly support the idea that in Podospora, “immortality” can be acquired not by the absence of intron α but rather by the lack of active cytochromec oxidase.

Psychotherapy and the Patient with a Limited Life Span†

Psychiatry ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence LeShan ◽  
Eda LeShan
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Limited Life

Rayism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Parton
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Color Theory ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Italian Futurism ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Consistent Response

An abstract and non-objective style of painting, Rayism ("Luchizm") was pioneered by the Russian artist Mikhail Larionov in early 1912. The style represented the first theoretically coherent and practically consistent response on the part of the Russian avant-garde to the challenges of French Cubism and Italian Futurism. In divorcing art from figuration and in its emphasis on the purely formal qualities of painting, Rayism prepared the way for the development of both Suprematism and Constructivism. Larionov’s innovative style was practiced chiefly by those artists in his immediate orbit: painters such as Natalia Goncharova, Alexander Shevchenko, and Mikhail Le-Dantiyu, who belonged to the Donkey’s Tail and Target group. While Rayism had a limited life-span in Russia, being overtaken by Suprematism in 1915, Larionov and Goncharova continued to practice the style throughout their careers, executing Rayist paintings right up to the 1950s. In its earliest phase, known as "Realistic Rayism" ("Realistichesky luchizm"), the style proceeded from Larionov’s interest in optics and Impressionist color theory and specifically from the idea that the color, contour, and form of our world is defined by rays of light reflected from all material objects. According to Larionov’s booklet Rayism (Luchizm) of 1912, his initial aim was to explore the nature of visual perception as it exists before the brain converts what we see into a comprehensible form.

scholarly journals Islam, HAM, dan Diskriminasi: Reinterpretasi Hadis-Hadis Kepemimpinan secara Kontekstual

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syachrofi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Islamic View

This paper discusses one of the humanitarian problems that still often occurs today, discrimination. Discrimination is not only contrary to human rights but also contrary to the Islamic view which is raḥmah fī al-‘ālamīn. But, in fact, Islam is always suspected as a religion that teaches various forms of discriminatory treatment. The accusation is based on Islamic religious texts which narratively teach discrimination. I find that there are two hadiths that are discriminatory about electing leaders. The first hadith is about having to elect a leader from the Quraysh clan. The second hadith is about the prohibition for women to be a leader. Textually, these hadiths are quite problematic because they contain the narration of racial-ethnic discrimination and gender discrimination. Therefore, in this article, I attempt to reinterpret these hadiths by using a contextual approach by analyzing the language and socio-historical context. My conclusion is that these hadiths were stated by the Prophet Muhammad in temporary cases. Substantially, these hadiths contain the significances that are relevant today.

scholarly journals Solar Geoengineering Governance: A Dynamic Framework of Farsighted Coalition Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Heyen ◽  
Jere Lehtomaa
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
International Governance ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Solar Geoengineering ◽  
Strategic Incentives ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Climate Damages

Abstract Climate interventions with solar geoengineering could reduce climate damages if deployed in a globally coordinated regime. In the absence of such a regime, however, strategic incentives of single actors might result in detrimental outcomes. A well-known concern is that a "free-driver" (Weitzman 2015), the country with the strongest preference for cooling, might unilaterally set the global thermostat to its preferred level, thus imposing damages on others. Governance structures, i.e. more or less formal institutional arrangements between countries, could steer the decentralized geoengineering deployment towards the preferable global outcome. In this paper, we show that the coalition formation literature (an excellent summary is Ray & Vohra 2015) can make a valuable contribution to assessing the relative merit of different governance schemes. An important feature of the coalition formation literature is the sophisticated dynamic structure. A country pondering whether to leave a coalition anticipates that its departure could spark another process of disintegration among the remaining members of that coalition, which in turn may affect the assessment of whether leaving the coalition is worthwhile in the first place. This dynamic structure thus enables a more realistic picture of what coalitions are likely to form and remain stable. A second important feature of coalition formation models is wide control over the "rules of the game", for instance, which agents need to consent to a transition from one coalitional arrangement to another. This control over the institutional setting allows consistently comparing and discussing various international governance arrangements.

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