Non destructive testing techniques for risk based inspection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Filip Van den Abeele ◽  
Patrick Goes
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Non Destructive

Ensuring the safety of offshore structures is of vital importance for the reliability of oil and gas drilling rigs.Risk based inspection (RBI) is becoming an industry standard for management of equipment integrity. Theobjective of risk based inspection is to determine the likelihood of equipment failure (probability) and theconsequences of such an event. Combining the probability of an event with its possible consequencesallows determining the risk of an operation. Risk based inspection enables to optimize the frequency ofinspection, by moving from periodic inspection (based on arbitrary calendar dates) to an informedinspection program (based on equipment condition).One of the most important tools to determine the condition of the equipment, and to calculate its reliability,is the use of non destructive testing (NDT) techniques to detect cracks, flaws and defects. The probability ofdetection and the probability of sizing depend on the type of NDT method used. Combining NDTinformation on crack size and depth with fracture mechanics based damage models, allows predicting theremaining life time of a component.In this paper, the philosophy of risk based inspection is introduced and recent advances in non destructivetesting (in particular ultrasonic and electromagnetic techniques) are reviewed. Then, the use of fracturemechanics based damage models is demonstrated to predict fatigue failure for offshore structures.

scholarly journals Investigation of the corrosion process and destruction of metals by using acoustodamage method

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Tretyakov ◽  
Alexander Belyaev ◽  
Aliya Galyautdinova ◽  
Vladimir Polyanskiy ◽  
Darya Strekalovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Acoustic Anisotropy ◽  
Industrial Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Induced Cracking ◽  
Non Destructive

The paper presents the results of investigation of acoustic anisotropy in industrial alloy made of steel 14HGNDC after hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) tests according to the standard NACE TM0284-2003. It was found that location and parameters of corrosion cracks with size about 20 microns can be determined by distribution and value of acoustic anisotropy. A quantitative relationship between value of acoustic anisotropy and size of corrosion cracks in the range from 60 to 6600 microns was established. The obtained results have a great importance for improving methods of hydrogen-induced cracking tests and for non-destructive testing of brittle destruction of structures in oil and gas industry by using the acoustodamage method.

scholarly journals Risk Based Inspection of Jackets Submitted to Through-Wall Cracks

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Schoefs ◽  
Mustapha Rguig
Keyword(s):  
Decision Aid ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Probability Of False Alarm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Rational Process

The actual challenge for the requalification of existing offshore structures through a rational process of reassessment leads to state the importance of Risk Based Inspection methodology. This paper points out the inspection results modelling and their contribution to decision aid tools. The study of the impact of through cracks on structural integrity of jacket platforms is still a challenge. The detection of large cracks is first addressed. In order to minimize inspections and maintenance costs, all the available data from inspection results, such as probability of detection and probability of false alarm, must be addressed, as well as the probability of crack presence. This can be achieved by the use of the decision theory. These capabilities of Non Destructive Testing give a first input for the risk study. A cost function is suggested to introduce this modelling into a risk analysis and is devoted to help rank the NDT tools. The case of large through-wall cracks is specifically addressed.

Degradation Trending of Boiler Evaporator Tubes Without Scaffolding

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coen Boxma ◽  
Jan Willem Noteboom ◽  
Joop Kraijesteijn
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Covered Wall ◽  
Overlay Welding ◽  
Waste Incinerators ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Non Destructive

Inspection of wall thickness of the evaporator walls is usually performed from the inside of the boiler with standard ultrasonic (UT) spot testing. The costs for this type of inspection is largely determined by the cost for scaffolding and grinding and by safety measures which sometimes even include radiation control. The necessity for grinding also slightly impacts the accuracy of the readings. A new non-destructive testing application has been developed which provides the possibility to do this inspection from the outside of a boiler and thus eliminating the need for scaffolding. Windows of interest of about 10 to 120 ft2 are selected and provisions in the boiler insulation are made. The tubes in the selected areas are tested through UT scanning. The minimum wall thickness of each tube in that window is graphically presented in a report and repeat measurements enable the plant owner to compare these values in time. Trends in wall thickness reduction provide a basis for boiler life time prediction and to take preventive action. As a tool for preinspection to assess required maintenance measures (such as overlay welding or tube replacement), this test application has already shown to be very valuable. Recent applications include wall thickness assessment of refractory covered wall tubes, testing of boiler wall tubing with internal wall thickness loss at the fire sided tube face and wall thickness assessment of Inconel clad tubes at waste incinerators (EU project: NextGen Biowaste). This paper will discuss the method of non-destructive testing of wall thickness of the evaporator walls from the outside and will present examples where this method is applied.

Evaluation of near-drum thinning data in recovery boiler generating bank tubes

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
W.B.A. SANDY SHARP ◽  
W.A. BILLY JONES
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Non Destructive

Near-drum thinning affects the fireside surface of recovery boiler generating bank tubes near the surface of the mud drum. Although sophisticated thickness scanning equipment has been developed to rapidly make tens of thousands of thickness measurements in the portion of a tube that is vulnerable to near-drum thinning, methods for using these data to evaluate fitness-for-service have not shown similar advances. Non-destructive testing companies typically use a technician’s subjective judgment to identify the “thinnest reliable" thickness measurement on each tube. Some mills decide whether tubes can continue in operation or should be plugged or replaced based on this single thickness measurement. However, finite element analysis of the remaining strength of individual tubes thinned in the near-drum area suggests that it is essentially impossible to identify the weakest tubes from simple empirical rules. In the absence of an industry standard for evaluating these data, different mills could reach different conclusions about the fitness-for-service of a tube from the same data set. This paper reviews the technology for scanning the thickness of generating bank tubes and discusses approaches that have been used to identify the tubes most weakened by near-drum thinning and to evaluate the fitness-for-service of individual tubes.

FORUM «TERRITORY OF NDT» 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
B. V. Artemiev ◽  
D. I. Galkin ◽  
V. I. Matveev ◽  
G. V. Zusman ◽  
A. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Technical Conference ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Non Destructive

A brief analytical review of the events of the VII International Industrial Forum “NDT Territory. Non-Destructive testing. Tests. Diagnostics” and the “XXII Аll-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference on Non-Destructive Control and Technical Diagnostics” held simultaneously with it. All events were held at the Expocenter Central Exhibition Complex in Moscow. The exhibition of instruments and tools of NK and TD was accompanied by a business program. Within the framework of the forum, round tables were held on topical issues of non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics. The exhibition was attended by more than 57 companies, and information support was provided by a number of news agencies, including the “Spectrum Publishing House” and “RIA Standards and Quality” (“World of Measurement” magazine). In addition to equipment for non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics, modern test equipment, testing and analytical equipment begins to appear on the stands of exhibitors. This year there was a focus on hightech solutions for engineering, metallurgy, oil and gas and other industries. The final of the competition for NK specialists and the award ceremony took place. For the first time, the “Salon of Innovations and Startups 2020” was organized at this Forum, in which representatives of 20 organizations took part. The forum demonstrated a high technical level of non-destructive testing, their metrological support, as well as certification and standardization.

Fracture mechanics in design and service: ‘living with defects’ - Non-destructive testing: its relation to fracture mechanics and component design

1981 ◽  
Vol 299 (1446) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Manual Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

Five non-destructive testing (n.d.t.) methods are widely used for defect detection: these are magnetic particle, dye penetrant, electrical eddy currents, radiography and ultrasonics. The first three can detect only surface-breaking or immediately subsurface defects, while radiography and ultrasonics can also find embedded, remote defects. Ultrasonics is far more sensitive to cracks than is radiography; moreover, of all the n.d.t. methods, only ultrasonics can in general measure a crack’s through-wall position and size. Consequently only ultrasonics is fully compatible with fracture mechanics requirements. Used in conjunction with fracture mechanics, ultrasonics has proved a powerful technique for demonstrating component integrity. After a brief description of the five main n.d.t. methods, the paper concentrates on ultrasonics. Basic ultrasonic techniques for detecting, positioning and sizing cracks are described and the main sources of error indicated. Two approaches to defect size assessment are recognized. The approach of endeavouring to measure crack size as accurately as possible is most appropriate to manual testing by skilled practitioners. The alternative involves measuring convenient parameters of the ultrasonic echo rather than of the defect itself, and aims to promote a speedy, reproducible examination. The subsequent discussion is of the implications that the limitations of n.d.t. techniques have for component design and fracture mechanics assessment. Among the points raised are the importance of access and component geometry, the need for cooperation in planning inspections and the ability of ultrasonics to distinguish significant from insignificant defects. The paper closes with two examples of the beneficial joint application of ultrasonics and fracture mechanics.

Performance assessment of multi-MFL inspection using feature-based POD

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Xiang Peng ◽  
Kevin Siggers ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
Corrosion Defects ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Non Destructive

Oil and gas pipelines, which transport large quantities of oil products and natural gas, are subject to pipeline failures caused by corrosion. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is one of the most popular non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for the detection of pipeline corrosion. Since individual MFL is insensitive to the corrosion components that are parallel with its magnetic field, two types of MFL tools with perpendicular magnetic fields are usually employed in one inspection to detect all corrosion defects. This study applies probability of detection (POD) to quantitatively assess the detection capabilities of two individual MFL tools and their combination. Due to the characteristics of MFL inspection, this study proposes the construction of the POD model as a function of two geometric features, namely the volume and the orientation, which have a significant influence on the MFL signal response. Detection results from two MFL tools are integrated using logical OR operation to study the POD of their combination. With the proposed POD model, the minimum criteria that ensure a corrosion defect will be reliably detected by MFL tools are studied in this paper. The validity of the proposed POD model is justified on the data collected from an in-service pipeline.

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