Studies on the karyotypes of the black rats distributed in the pacific and south pacific islands, with special regard to the border line of the asian and oceanian type black rats on the pacific ocean.

The 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami was a significant puzzle for scientists who finally cracked the cause, but it also marks the most recent event of many that can be dated back to at least 6,000 years ago where the skull of the oldest tsunami victim in the world was found. Papua New Guinea was also the starting point for the most remarkable navigational feat in the world, with Polynesians moving rapidly east into the Pacific Ocean, their settlement of the region being punctuated by hiatuses caused by catastrophic tsunamis approximately 3,000, 2,000, and 600 years ago. It was on isolated Pacific islands that humans first came into contact with the deadly Pacific Ring of Fire. Settlement abandonment, mass graves, and cultural collapse mark their progress.

Download Full-text

Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section in the Solomon Islands

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x9402200213 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 187-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. J. Sparks ◽

H. Perndt ◽

K. Agiomea ◽

J. Fa'Arondo

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Spinal Anaesthesia ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

General Anaesthetic ◽

Tropical Country ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Pacific Ocean

Results were kept on 43 spinal anaesthetics performed for caesarean section in the Solomon Islands, a developing tropical country in the Pacific Ocean. A 25-gauge Quincke needle was used and either 2.5 ml of heavy bupivacaine 0.5% or 2.0-2.5 ml of plain bupivacaine 0.5% were injected. Hypotension down to 85 mmHg occurred in four patients and there were no spinal headaches. Five patients had to be given a general anaesthetic. We recommend this technique to other doctors working in the Pacific Islands.

Download Full-text

Some Calliphoridae (Dipt.) from the South Pacific Islands and Australia

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300019283 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 231-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mario Bezzi

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

South Pacific ◽

Large Collection ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Fiji Islands ◽

The Pacific ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

South Pacific Islands

Having recently studied a large collection of Myiodaria from the Fiji Islands, and having received, through the courtesy of Dr. P. A. Buxton, a number of species from Samoa and other South Pacific Islands, I am able to make a revision of the Calliphoridae now before me, and to describe some new forms. I have also taken into consideration the specimens from New Zealand and from Eastern Australia in my collection, as well as the forms recently described by Aldrich, Hardy, Malloch, Patton and Surcouf, together with the taxonomic changes proposed by Senior-White, Shannon and Townsend.It seems that some species, probably those more closely associated with man, are widely spread through the Pacific Islands ; while several others seem to be very localised.

Download Full-text

IODP Expedition 378 South Pacific Paleogene Climate: New high-resolution high-latitude Cenozoic Section

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8872 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ursula Röhl ◽

Deborah J Thomas ◽

Laurel Childress ◽

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

High Latitude ◽

Global Climate ◽

South Pacific ◽

The South ◽

Red Clay ◽

South Pacific Ocean ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

International Ocean Discovery Program

<p>As the world&#8217;s largest ocean, the Pacific Ocean is intricately linked to major changes in the global climate system. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 378 is designed to recover Paleogene sedimentary sections in the South Pacific to reconstruct key changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation. These cores will provide an unparalleled opportunity to add crucial new data and geographic coverage to existing reconstructions of Paleogene climate and as part of a major regional slate of expeditions in the Southern Ocean to fill a critical need for high-latitude climate reconstructions. Appropriate high-latitude records are unobtainable in the Northern Hemisphere of the Pacific Ocean.</p><p>The drilling strategy included a transect of sites strategically positioned in the South Pacific to recover Paleogene carbonates buried under red clay sequences at present latitudes of 40&#176;&#8211;52&#176;S in 4650 &#8211; 5075 meters of water depth. Due to technical issues we no longer will be able to reach the deeper sites. Therefore, the focus of Expedition 378 will be now to obtain a continuous sedimentary record of a previously single hole, rotary-drilled, spot-cored, classic Cenozoic high-latitude DSDP Site 277 and provide a crucial, multiple hole, mostly APC-cored, continuous record of the intermediate-depth Subantarctic South Pacific Ocean from the Latest Cretaceous to late Oligocene.</p>

Download Full-text

Predicting bycatch hotspots for endangered leatherback turtles on longlines in the Pacific Ocean

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2013.2559 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 281 (1777) ◽

pp. 20132559 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

John H. Roe ◽

Stephen J. Morreale ◽

Frank V. Paladino ◽

George L. Shillinger ◽

Scott R. Benson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Leatherback Turtles ◽

The Pacific ◽

Fisheries Bycatch ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

Nesting Beaches

Fisheries bycatch is a critical source of mortality for rapidly declining populations of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea . We integrated use-intensity distributions for 135 satellite-tracked adult turtles with longline fishing effort to estimate predicted bycatch risk over space and time in the Pacific Ocean. Areas of predicted bycatch risk did not overlap for eastern and western Pacific nesting populations, warranting their consideration as distinct management units with respect to fisheries bycatch. For western Pacific nesting populations, we identified several areas of high risk in the north and central Pacific, but greatest risk was adjacent to primary nesting beaches in tropical seas of Indo-Pacific islands, largely confined to several exclusive economic zones under the jurisdiction of national authorities. For eastern Pacific nesting populations, we identified moderate risk associated with migrations to nesting beaches, but the greatest risk was in the South Pacific Gyre, a broad pelagic zone outside national waters where management is currently lacking and may prove difficult to implement. Efforts should focus on these predicted hotspots to develop more targeted management approaches to alleviate leatherback bycatch.

Download Full-text

Oceanic Response to Idealized Net Atmospheric Freshwater in the Pacific at the Decadal Time Scale*

Journal of Physical Oceanography ◽

10.1175/jpo2820.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 2467-2486 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Boyin Huang ◽

Vikram M. Mehta ◽

Niklas Schneider

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

South Pacific ◽

Tropical Pacific ◽

Temperature Anomalies ◽

The Pacific ◽

Basin Scale ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

The Tropics ◽

North And South ◽

The Tropical Pacific

Abstract In the study of decadal variations of the Pacific Ocean circulations and temperature, the role of anomalous net atmospheric freshwater [evaporation minus precipitation minus river runoff (EmP)] has received scant attention even though ocean salinity anomalies are long lived and can be expected to have more variance at low frequencies than at high frequencies. To explore the magnitude of salinity and temperature anomalies and their generation processes, the authors studied the response of the Pacific Ocean to idealized EmP anomalies in the Tropics and subtropics using an ocean general circulation model developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Simulations showed that salinity anomalies generated by the anomalous EmP were spread throughout the Pacific basin by mean flow advection. This redistribution of salinity anomalies caused adjustments of basin-scale ocean currents, which further resulted in basin-scale temperature anomalies due to changes in heat advection caused by anomalous currents. In this study, the response of the Pacific Ocean to magnitudes and locations of anomalous EmP was linear. When forced with a positive EmP anomaly in the subtropical North (South) Pacific, a cooling occurred in the western North (South) Pacific, which extended to the tropical and South (North) Pacific, and a warming occurred in the eastern North (South) Pacific. When forced with a negative EmP anomaly in the tropical Pacific, a warming occurred in the tropical Pacific and western North and South Pacific and a cooling occurred in the eastern North Pacific near 30°N and the South Pacific near 30°S. The temperature changes (0.2°C) in the tropical Pacific were associated with changes in the South Equatorial Current. The temperature changes (0.8°C) in the subtropical North and South Pacific were associated with changes in the subtropical gyres. The temperature anomalies propagated from the tropical Pacific to the subtropical North and South Pacific via equatorial divergent Ekman flows and poleward western boundary currents, and they propagated from the subtropical North and South Pacific to the western tropical Pacific via equatorward-propagating coastal Kelvin waves and to the eastern tropical Pacific via eastward-propagating equatorial Kelvin waves. The time scale of temperature response was typically much longer than that of salinity response because of slow adjustment times of ocean circulations. These results imply that the slow response of ocean temperature due to anomalous EmP in the Tropics and subtropics may play an important role in the Pacific decadal variability.

Download Full-text

Decolonisation Processes in the South Pacific Islands: A Comparative Analysis between Metropolitan Powers

Victoria University of Wellington Law Review ◽

10.26686/vuwlr.v26i2.6172 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Paul De Deckker

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Great Britain ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Free Association ◽

South Pacific ◽

French Polynesia ◽

The South ◽

The Pacific ◽

South Pacific Islands

The South Pacific islands came late, by comparison with Asia and Africa, to undertake the decolonising process. France was the first colonial power in the region to start off this process in accordance with the decision taken in Paris to pave the way to independence for African colonies. The Loi-cadre Defferre in 1957, voted in Parliament, was applied to French Polynesia and New Caledonia as it was to French Africa. Territorial governments were elected in both these Pacific colonies in 1957. They were abolished in 1963 after the return to power of General de Gaulle who decided to use Moruroa for French atomic testing. The status quo ante was then to prevail in New Caledonia and French Polynesia up to today amidst statutory crises. The political evolution of the French Pacific, including Wallis and Futuna, is analysed in this article. Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia were to conform to the 1960 United Nations' recommendations to either decolonise, integrate or provide to Pacific colonies self-government in free association with the metropolitan power. Great Britain granted constitutional independence to all of its colonies in the Pacific except Pitcairn. The facts underlying this drastic move are analysed in the British context of the 1970's, culminating in the difficult independence of Vanuatu in July 1980. New Zealand and Australia followed the UN recommendations and granted independence or self-government to their colonial territories. In the meantime, they reinforced their potential to dominate the South Pacific in the difficult geopolitical context of the 1980s. American Micronesia undertook statutory evolution within a strategic framework. What is at stake today within the Pacific Islands is no longer of a political nature; it is financial.

Download Full-text

Phosphate monoesterase and diesterase activities in the North and South Pacific Ocean

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-7677-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 7677-7688 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. Sato ◽

R. Sakuraba ◽

F. Hashihama

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

North Pacific ◽

Western North Pacific ◽

South Pacific ◽

Turnover Time ◽

The North ◽

South Pacific Ocean ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

North And South

Abstract. Phosphate monoesterase and diesterase activities were measured with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and labile and total dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations in the North and South Pacific Ocean, to reveal the microbial utilization of phosphate esters in the Pacific Ocean. Both esterase activities were noticeably enhanced around the western part of 30° N, where the surface SRP concentration was below 10 nM, while they showed no significant correlation with DOP concentration. The proportion of the activity in the dissolved fraction was higher for diesterase than monoesterase, which may support results from previous genomic analyses. Substrate affinity and the maximum hydrolysis rate of monoesterase were the highest at lower concentrations of SRP, showing the adaptation of microbes to inorganic phosphorus nutrient deficiency at the molecular level. The calculated turnover time of monoesters was 1 to 2 weeks in the western North Pacific Ocean, which was much shorter than the turnover time in other areas of the Pacific Ocean but longer than the turnover time in other phosphate-depleted areas. In contrast, the turnover rate of diesters was calculated to exceed 100 days, revealing that diesters in the western North Pacific were a biologically refractory phosphorus fraction. In the present study, it was revealed that both phosphate monoesters and diesters can be a phosphorus source for microbes in the phosphate-depleted waters, although the dynamics of the two esters are totally different.

Download Full-text