scholarly journals Iron-based intermetallic particles formation in Al-Zn-Si alloy through powder metallurgy route

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Khaliq et al. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Cold Pressing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
Intermetallic Particles ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

Corrosion of the steel products is one of the significant challenges which is managed by coating with Al-Zn-based alloys. The Galvalume alloy (Al-55%, 43.5%-Zn, Si-1.5%) is coated on steel strips via a hot-dipping process. The dissolution of iron (Fe) from steel strips and the formation of Fe-based intermetallic particles is an inevitable phenomenon during the hot-dip coating process. These intermetallic particles are a primary source of massive bottom dross build-up in the coating pot and metal spot defects in the coated steel products. Therefore, it is important to investigate the formation of Fe-based intermetallic particles. In this study, Fe-based intermetallic particles are produced via the powder metallurgy route. High energy ball milling was used for mechanical alloying of aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), and zinc (Zn) powders. Optimized ball milling conditions were identified after a series of trials. After cold pressing, the mechanically alloyed samples (pellets) were sintered at various conditions in a high vacuum sintering furnace. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS) were used for the analysis of raw material, mechanically alloyed powders, and sintered pellets. It is concluded that the mechanical alloying of 6h and cold pressing at 9 tons for 30 min is sufficient to produce a dense compact material. It was found that Fe-based intermetallic particles were successfully fabricated which were α-AlFeSi. However, intermetallic particles similar to those found in the bottom dross of the coating pot are difficult to fabricate through the powder metallurgy route due to the volatilization of Zn during the sintering process.

Mechanically Driven Alloying and Magnetic Properties in Immiscible Mn80Bi20 Nanocrystalline Powders

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Qun Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Solid Solubility ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The paper has described the formation of nanocrystalline Mn80Bi20powders by mechanical alloying and studied the changes of structure and magnetic properties of the powders during the process of ball milling by using X-ray diffraction and saturation magnetization σsmeasurements. The solid solubility of bismuth in manganese increases with milling time and tends to a stable value after 80h milling. The σsof Mn80Bi20increases abruptly with milling time at the early stage and begins to decrease after 15h. At the time of 15h, the σsreaches a maximum, which is about 7Am2/kg. The result shows an interesting information that the antiferromagnetic Mn and the diamagnetic Bi produce ferromagnetic Mn80Bi20in process of mechanical alloying.

Reactive Al-Li Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2005 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Mirko Schoenitz ◽  
Vern K. Hoffmann ◽  
Edward L. Dreizin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Δ Phase ◽  
Endothermic Reactions ◽  
Synthesized Materials

AbstractMechanically alloyed powders with the composition Al0.7Li0.3 are synthesized. Materials milled for different times are studied using electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. A solid solution of Li in Al (α-phase) is formed with as much as 10 at % of dissolved Li. The LiAl intermetallic δ-phase is readily produced by mechanical alloying but disappears after extended milling times. The final product of milling for 102 hours consists of an x-ray amorphous phase. Mechanically alloyed powders heated in inert environment exhibit several weak exothermic reactions between 420 and 700 K, and two endothermic reactions, around 810 and 870 K. All the observed relaxation processes become less pronounced and eventually become undetectable as the milling time increases and an amorphous material is produced. Ignition experiments performed for the powders coated on an electrically heated filament showed that the powders ignited in the vicinity of 1250 K. An experimental setup for studying combustion of reactive mechanically alloyed powders is developed and initial experimental results are described.

Different Cr Contents in Nanostructured Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi He ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jian Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fe-Ni-Cr alloy powders with the different components were prepared by Mechanical Alloying (MA). The phase structure, grain size, micro-strain and lattice distortion were determined with X-ray diffraction. The morphology and particle size of the powders were observed and analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the Fe-Ni-Cr nanocrystalline powders could be obtained by MA. The ball milling time could be reduced with increasing amount of Cr, resulting the formation of Fe-Ni-Cr powders. With the increasing amount of Cr, the speed of Ni diffusion to Fe lattice approaching saturation became more rapid. The particle size got smaller as the ball milling went further; the extent of micro-strain and distortion of lattice intensified; the solid solubility of Ni and Cr in Fe was increased. Finally the super-saturated solid solution of Fe was obtained.

scholarly journals Formation of nanocrystalline B2-structured (Fe,Ni)Al in mechanically alloyed Fe50Al30Ni20 (wt.%) powder

2018 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Nakib Chafika
Keyword(s):  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Paramagnetic Behaviour ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Bcc Phase

B2-structured (Fe,Ni)Al was synthesised by an abrupt reaction during mechanical alloying (MA) of the elemental powders of Fe, Al and Ni. The structural, microstructural, morphological and magnetic changes occurring in the studied material during MA were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two crystalline phases were found, a majority one corresponding to (Fe,Ni)Al bcc phase with a crystallite size less than 10 nm, a lattice strain up to 1.6% and a dislocation density of about 2.3 x1016 m-2. The other phase was in a low proportion corresponding to Fe (Al,Ni) solid solution. SEM images showed an irregular morphology of powder particles. Mossbauer spectra of the milled powders, recorded at room temperature, reveal the paramagnetic behaviour of the obtained powder. Keywords: Mechanical alloying, ternary composition, dislocation density, structural properties, paramagnetic behaviour.

The synthesis of NbSi2 by mechanical alloying

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiping Lou ◽  
Guojiang Fan ◽  
Bingzhe Ding ◽  
Zhuangqi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray

The stoichiometric intermetallic compound NbSi2 has been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) elemental Nb and Si powders. The alloying process has been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the formation of the Nb2Si intermetallic compound occurs abruptly after 65 min of milling without any interruptions during the alloying process. However, short interruptions at a 5 min interval during ball milling result in a gradual reaction for the formation of the NbSi2 compound as well as a new metastable bcc structured solid solution. We conclude that the temperature rise during mechanical alloying plays an important role in initiating the abrupt reaction after an incubation milling time.

Synthesis and Evaluations of Microstructure Properties on Al-(50, 60, 70 mass%)Si Systems by Mechanical Alloying

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Il Lee ◽  
Tae Whan Hong ◽  
Il Ho Kim ◽  
Soon Chul Ur ◽  
Young Geun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Misfit Strain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structures

High silicon Al-Si alloy powders having nanocrystalline structures have been produced by mechanical alloying process. Microstructures in mechanically alloyed Al-Si powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analyses were also carried out to characterize lattice constant, crystallite size and misfit strain. Effective milling time for the formation of nanocrystalline microstructure was thought to be approximately 12 hours, and the sizes of Al and Si crystallites in mechanically alloyed powders after longer than 12 hours of milling were reduced to about 30nm and 70nm respectively, in Al-70 mass% Si alloy system. The misfit strains increased with milling time up to 240 hours, and saturated to 5.73×10-3 and 4.39×10-3 for Al and Si crystallites, respectively.

Effect of Nano ZrO2 Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-12Mo Composite by Powder Metallurgy Route

2020 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed El-Tantawy ◽  
Omayma A. El Kady ◽  
Hossam M. Yehia ◽  
Ibrahim M. Ghayad
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molybdenum Metal ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Route

Ti-12Mo/ZrO2 nanocomposites are fabricated using the powder metallurgy technique for the potential of aerospace applications. Titanium-12 wt. % molybdenum metal matrix composite containing various percentages of ZrO2 (5, 10, and 15 wt. %) are prepared. The phase composition and microstructure of Ti-12Mo/ZrO2 powder, as well as the consolidated composites), are investigated by both X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) respectively. All the consolidated composites are characterized by measuring the density, Vickers hardness, and wear rate. XRD refers to no new phase are formed between Ti, Mo, and ZrO2 during the sintering process. Also, a good microstructure is achieved. Results indicated that the density of the sintered composites is increased with increasing ZrO2 percent up to 5 wt. %. On the other hand, the highest hardness and highest wear resistance are achieved for 5 wt. % ZrO2 sample. The present work demonstrated that Ti-12Mo/ZrO2 composites have a high potential for aerospace applications.

Investigation the Structural and Magnetic Properties of FINEMET Type Alloy Produced by Mechanical Alloying

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Gheiratmand ◽  
Saeed Mohammadi Siyani ◽  
Hamid Reza Madaah Hosseini ◽  
Parviz Davami
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milled Powder ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Type Alloy ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this research, FINEMET alloy with composition of Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1was produced by mechanical alloying from elemental powders. The effect of milling time on the magnetic and structural properties of alloy has been investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometery. The results showed that milling for 53 hr leads to the formation of Fe supersaturated solid solution which includes Si, B and Nb atoms with mean crystallite size of ~30 nm. The shift of the main peak of Fe to the higher angles indicated that Si and B atoms dissolve in the Fe solid solution, at primary stage of mechanical alloying, up to the 42 hr while Nb atoms dissolve at final stages. The magnetization of milled powder for 53 hr was 173.7 emu/g, almost the same as that of the melt-spun ribbon. In addition; the coercivity reached to 15.5 Oe after 53 hr of milling. The higher value of coercivity in mechanically alloyed samples is attributed to strains induce to the structure during milling and the lack of amorphous phase and exchange interaction between nanograins.

Structural Evolution of Mechanically Alloyed Nanocrystalline Al70Fe25Ni5 Intermetallics

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1751-1754
Author(s):  
Zhang Jing ◽  
Qi Zhi Cao ◽  
Zheng Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanostructured Al-25at.%Fe-5at.%Ni intermetallics were prepared directly by mechanical alloying (MA) in a high-energy planetary ball-mill. The phase transformations and structural changes occurring in the studied material during mechanical alloying were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the morphology of the powders. Thermal behavior of the milled powders was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The solid solutions of Fe (Al) and Ni (Fe) in the Al70Fe25Ni5 system are observed at the early milling stage. The solid solutions transforms into amorphous and disordered Al (Fe, Ni) phase. The last milling products in the Al70Fe25Ni5 system are Al3Ni2, AlFe3 and AlFe0.23Ni0.77 phases.

Crystallisation of Amorphous Al60Fe20Ti15Ni5 Alloy Produced by Mechanical Alloying

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Krasnowski ◽  
Tadeusz Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Powder Mixture

In the present work, an elemental powder mixture of Al60Fe20Ti15Ni5 (at.%) was mechanically alloyed in a high-energy ball mill. The phase transformations occurring in the material during milling were studied with the use of X-ray diffraction. The results obtained show that an amorphous phase was formed during performed mechanical alloying process. Thermal behaviour of the milling product was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that amorphous phase crystallised above 540 °C when a heating rate of 40 °C/min was applied. On the basis of X-ray diffraction results, crystallisation product was identified as a cubic phase with the lattice parameter a0 = 11.856 Å, isomorphic with the 2 (Al2FeTi, fcc structure D8a) phase. The mean crystallite size of the crystallised 2 phase was 19 nm.

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