scholarly journals Исследование нейроваскулярных структур с помощью фазово-модуляционной спектрофотометрии-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Л.П. Сафонова ◽  
В.Г. Орлова ◽  
А.Н. Шкарубо
Keyword(s):  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Endoscopic Neurosurgery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neurovascular Structures ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Detection And Recognition

The possibility of using phase modulation spectrophotometry for the detection and recognition of large blood vessels and nerves in the biological tissues volume in the tasks of neurosurgery with endoscopic endonasal access while removing the skull base tumors has been investigated. Optical and dynamic characteristics of various neurovascular structures types were studied. Informative independent parameters and their corresponding criteria for the detection and recognition of neurovascular structures in the tissue volume, based on the difference in the optical properties of the blood, nerves and their surrounding tissues, was proposed and experimentally investigated in vivo and in situ. The obtained preliminary results indicate the promise of applying the method of phase modulation spectrophotometry in endoscopic neurosurgery and can be used in spectrophotometry with the impulse time-domain approach.

Calcium absorption in rat large intestine in vivo: availability of dietary calcium

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. G14-G18
Author(s):  
P. Ammann ◽  
R. Rizzoli ◽  
H. Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
The Difference

Calcium absorption in the large intestine of the rat was investigated in vivo. After a single injection of 45CaCl2 into the cecum, 26.0 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SE, n = 9) of the 45CaCl2 injected disappeared. This absorption was modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, increased to 64.0 +/- 4.2% under a low-Ca diet, and increased under low-Pi diet. In contrast, when the difference of nonradioactive Ca in the cecal content and the feces was measured, only 4.1 +/- 4.6% (not significant) was absorbed. Secretion of intravenously injected 45Ca into the lumen was small and not altered by any of the conditions tested. When cecum contents were placed into duodenal tied loops, 14 +/- 6.2% were absorbed in situ when 45Ca was given orally, whereas when 45Ca was directly added to the content 35.6 +/- 4.6% were absorbed (P less than 0.02). These results indicate that the large intestine has an important vitamin D-dependent Ca absorptive system detectable if 45Ca is injected into the cecum. However, it is not effective in vivo because the Ca arriving in the large intestine appears to be no longer in an absorbable form.

In vivo mechanical behavior of canine pericardium

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. H349-H356 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mann ◽  
W. Lew ◽  
E. Ban-Hayashi ◽  
R. Shabetai ◽  
L. Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Strain Difference ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Pericardial Pressure ◽  
Heart Preparation ◽  
The Difference

We examined the in vivo mechanical behavior of the pericardium by measuring simultaneous atrial and intrapericardial pressures and mutually orthogonal, circumferential, and longitudinally oriented pericardial segment lengths (ultrasonic gauges) in 10 open-chest dogs. Venous return was varied by a combination of caval occlusion followed by volume loading. Up to a mean left atrial pressure of 25 mmHg, the pericardium lengthened virtually exclusively in the circumferential direction (n = 9). Thus, at an intrapericardial pressure of 6.0 +/- 1.0 (+/- SD) mmHg, circumferential strain (normalized to length at pericardial pressure 0 mmHg) was 0.30 +/- 0.28, whereas longitudinal strain was 0.02 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.05). In five of these dogs, alteration of external pericardial loading by severing the pericardial diaphragmatic attachments did not change the difference between circumferential and longitudinal strain, and in two the same directional strain difference was observed during production of cardia tamponade. In three additional dogs the square of the circumferential segment length was closely correlated with the directly measured intrapericardial volume when saline was infused into the pericardial space in an in situ, arrested heart preparation. Our results indicate that there is marked directional variability in lengthening of the pericardium when the volume of its contents is altered in vivo. This phenomenon is probably the result of complex interactions between the properties of the pericardial tissue and the influence of its internal and external loads.

Rapid in situ measures of phytoplankton communities using the bbe FluoroProbe: evaluation of spectral calibration, instrument intercompatibility, and performance range

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie A. Kring ◽  
Stephanie E. Figary ◽  
Gregory L. Boyer ◽  
Susan B. Watson ◽  
Michael R. Twiss
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Spectral Calibration ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The FluoroProbe (FP; bbe Moldaenke, GmbH) is increasingly deployed as a means to measure in situ abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities, yet few rigorous evaluations have been made of its performance. In this study, phytoplankton strains were grown under standardized conditions to test FP performance across a range of biomass concentrations (0.2 to 20 μg chlorophyll a (chl a)·L−1). FP estimates of in vivo chl a were compared with chl a values from acetone extraction analysis. Overall, in vivo chl a detected by the FP was well correlated with extracted values (r2 = 0.85, n = 409, p < 0.0001). However, the difference between in vivo FP measures and the acetone extracted method was high in some cases. Accuracy did not change over a range of chromophoric dissolved organic matter concentrations. Calibration with each laboratory strain improved FP accuracy over the standard instrument factory settings. The performance of two different instruments was not significantly different (p = 0.38), showing good data intercompatibility. In the majority of experiments involving multiple phytoplankton groups at various proportions and concentrations, the FP resolved all groups. The FP is a cost-effective and practical method for identifying trends in phytoplankton dynamics but has limitations with respect to accurate total chl a measurement.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Three-Dimensional Subcellular Organization of Hepatocytes in Intact Liver: Simultaneous Visualization of Cytoskeletal and Membrane Markers by Confocal Microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Greg V. Martin ◽  
Ann L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Polarized Secretion ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Simultaneous Visualization

The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is necessary for many of the polarized functions of hepatocytes. Among the functions dependent on the MT-based cytoskeleton are polarized secretion of proteins, delivery of endocytosed material to lysosomes, and transcytosis of integral plasma membrane (PM) proteins. Although microtubules have been shown to be crucial to the establishment and maintenance of functional and structural polarization in the hepatocyte, little is known about the architecture of the hepatocyte MT cytoskeleton in vivo, particularly with regard to its relationship to PM domains and membranous organelles. Using an in situ extraction technique that preserves both microtubules and cellular membranes, we have developed a protocol for immunofluorescent co-localization of cytoskeletal elements and integral membrane proteins within 20 µm cryosections of fixed rat liver. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction of multi-spectral confocal microscope images was used to visualize the spatial relationships among the MT cytoskeleton, PM domains and intracellular organelles.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Evaluation of Structure-Controlled Silk Fibroin Coatings for Orthopedic Infection and In-Situ Osteogenesis: In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Jianglong Yan ◽  
QiYao Li ◽  
Panpan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Orthopedic Infection

Comparison of Mammography and Ultrasonography for Tumor Size of DCIS of Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jiantao Wang ◽  
Haiping Wang ◽  
Xinyu Yang ◽  
Liming Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Accurate assessment of breast tumor size preoperatively is important for the initial decision-making in surgical approach. Therefore, we aimed to compare efficacy of mammography and ultrasonography in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast cancer. Methods: Preoperative mammography and ultrasonography were performed on 104 women with DCIS of breast cancer. We compared the accuracy of each of the imaging modalities with pathological size by Pearson correlation. For each modality, it was considered concordant if the difference between imaging assessment and pathological measurement is less than 0.5cm. Results: At pathological examination tumor size ranged from 0.4cm to 7.2cm in largest diameter. For mammographically determined size versus pathological size, correlation coefficient of r was 0.786 and for ultrasonography it was 0.651. Grouped by breast composition, in almost entirely fatty and scattered areas of fibroglandular dense breast, correlation coefficient of r was 0.790 for mammography and 0.678 for ultrasonography; in heterogeneously dense and extremely dense breast, correlation coefficient of r was 0.770 for mammography and 0.548 for ultrasonography. In microcalcification positive group, coeffient of r was 0.772 for mammography and 0.570 for ultrasonography. In microcalcification negative group, coeffient of r was 0.806 for mammography and 0.783 for ultrasonography. Conclusion: Mammography was more accurate than ultrasonography in measuring the largest cancer diameter in DCIS of breast cancer. The correlation coefficient improved in the group of almost entirely fatty/ scattered areas of fibroglandular dense breast or in microcalcification negative group.

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