Rapid in situ measures of phytoplankton communities using the bbe FluoroProbe: evaluation of spectral calibration, instrument intercompatibility, and performance range

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie A. Kring ◽  
Stephanie E. Figary ◽  
Gregory L. Boyer ◽  
Susan B. Watson ◽  
Michael R. Twiss
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Spectral Calibration ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The FluoroProbe (FP; bbe Moldaenke, GmbH) is increasingly deployed as a means to measure in situ abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities, yet few rigorous evaluations have been made of its performance. In this study, phytoplankton strains were grown under standardized conditions to test FP performance across a range of biomass concentrations (0.2 to 20 μg chlorophyll a (chl a)·L−1). FP estimates of in vivo chl a were compared with chl a values from acetone extraction analysis. Overall, in vivo chl a detected by the FP was well correlated with extracted values (r2 = 0.85, n = 409, p < 0.0001). However, the difference between in vivo FP measures and the acetone extracted method was high in some cases. Accuracy did not change over a range of chromophoric dissolved organic matter concentrations. Calibration with each laboratory strain improved FP accuracy over the standard instrument factory settings. The performance of two different instruments was not significantly different (p = 0.38), showing good data intercompatibility. In the majority of experiments involving multiple phytoplankton groups at various proportions and concentrations, the FP resolved all groups. The FP is a cost-effective and practical method for identifying trends in phytoplankton dynamics but has limitations with respect to accurate total chl a measurement.

Fracture Mechanics and Toughening Mechanisms Analysis of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pezzotti ◽  
Kiyotaka Yamada ◽  
S. Shiroyama ◽  
Masahiro Nawa
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Toughening Mechanisms ◽  
Microstructural Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Polymorph Transformation

Zirconia ceramics were introduced in the seventhies for use as structural biomaterials after laboratory tests and simulator studies. However, nowadays concerns remain about their reliability in vivo, despite published clinical studies have already established the safety and the good tribological performance of these materials. It is still unclear what level of reliability can be achieved in ceramic biomaterials and how much their toughness level can be enhanced by microstructural design. The polycrystalline nature of ceramic materials may make both the observed properties and performance very scattered. In particular, the grain size and other microstructural features likely play a fundamental role in the mechanical behavior of the material. In this paper, we propose a set of fracture mechanics assessments, aimed to establish the quantitative amount of toughness achievable in a zirconia/alumina nanocomposite stabilized with cerium oxide (Ce-TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposite), and in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy to visualize toughening mechanisms, including polymorph transformation and residual stress fields stored around the crack path.

scholarly journals Исследование нейроваскулярных структур с помощью фазово-модуляционной спектрофотометрии-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Л.П. Сафонова ◽  
В.Г. Орлова ◽  
А.Н. Шкарубо
Keyword(s):  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Endoscopic Endonasal ◽  
Endoscopic Neurosurgery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neurovascular Structures ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Detection And Recognition

The possibility of using phase modulation spectrophotometry for the detection and recognition of large blood vessels and nerves in the biological tissues volume in the tasks of neurosurgery with endoscopic endonasal access while removing the skull base tumors has been investigated. Optical and dynamic characteristics of various neurovascular structures types were studied. Informative independent parameters and their corresponding criteria for the detection and recognition of neurovascular structures in the tissue volume, based on the difference in the optical properties of the blood, nerves and their surrounding tissues, was proposed and experimentally investigated in vivo and in situ. The obtained preliminary results indicate the promise of applying the method of phase modulation spectrophotometry in endoscopic neurosurgery and can be used in spectrophotometry with the impulse time-domain approach.

Hybrid Integration Technology for Wearable Sensor Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 647-678
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Lirong Zheng ◽  
Geng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Integration ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

Personalized and pervasive healthcare devices help seamlessly integrate healthcare and wellness into the daily life, independent of time and space. Silicon Integrated Circuit (IC) has been used in many advanced healthcare applications due to the compact size and ultra-low power consumption. Meanwhile, printed electronics (PE) is considered as a promising approach enabling cost-effective manufacturing of thin, flexible, and light-weight devices. A hybrid integration of IC and PE provides a new solution for the future wearable healthcare devices. In this chapter, firstly a customized bio-sensing IC is demonstrated, which can detect and process various bio-signals; secondly, the feasibility and performance of using inkjet printing technology as enabling technology has been examined for the fabrication of flexible bio-sensing devices. Finally, a wearable and flexible Bio-Patch is presented by leveraging hybrid integration of PE and bio-sensing IC. In-vivo test results show that the flexible Bio-Patch provides high quality ECG signal comparable with the one gained by bedside ECG machine.

Hybrid Integration Technology for Wearable Sensor Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Lirong Zheng ◽  
Geng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Integration ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

Personalized and pervasive healthcare devices help seamlessly integrate healthcare and wellness into the daily life, independent of time and space. Silicon Integrated Circuit (IC) has been used in many advanced healthcare applications due to the compact size and ultra-low power consumption. Meanwhile, printed electronics (PE) is considered as a promising approach enabling cost-effective manufacturing of thin, flexible, and light-weight devices. A hybrid integration of IC and PE provides a new solution for the future wearable healthcare devices. In this chapter, firstly a customized bio-sensing IC is demonstrated, which can detect and process various bio-signals; secondly, the feasibility and performance of using inkjet printing technology as enabling technology has been examined for the fabrication of flexible bio-sensing devices. Finally, a wearable and flexible Bio-Patch is presented by leveraging hybrid integration of PE and bio-sensing IC. In-vivo test results show that the flexible Bio-Patch provides high quality ECG signal comparable with the one gained by bedside ECG machine.

scholarly journals Development of the “High Pressure Repair Dome” system for in-situ high performance repair of aeronautic structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Nicola Gallo ◽  
Silvio Pappadá ◽  
Umberto Raganato ◽  
Stefano Corvaglia
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Structural Repair ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Curing Cycle

As the use of composites for high-performance structures for aerospace applications is constantly increasing, together with the complexity and scale of such structures, an increasingly effort is carried out for the development of advanced techniques for composites structural repair. Mechanical loads and environmental conditions often cause composite damages. If material damage is not extensive, structural repair is the most cost-effective solution. Composite patches can be mechanically fastened, adhesively bonded or co-cured. Bonding or co-curing process provides enhanced stress transfer mechanisms, joint efficiencies and aerodynamic performance. In this paper an innovative and reliable technique to repair damaged composite aeronautical components, named High Pressure Repair Dome (HPRD), is shown. The innovative aspect of this solution is the possibility to bond or co-cure a composite prepreg patch under a pressurized dome, thus using a prepreg compatible with the composite structure. HPRD was developed to allow in-situ repairing on full-scale structures, with the possibility of an accurate control of the parameters of the curing cycle. The advantages and performance of HPRD approach will be discussed and compared with traditional techniques, describing the results achieved and the activity on-course for the full industrialization of this system.

Calcium absorption in rat large intestine in vivo: availability of dietary calcium

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. G14-G18
Author(s):  
P. Ammann ◽  
R. Rizzoli ◽  
H. Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Cecal Content ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
The Difference

Calcium absorption in the large intestine of the rat was investigated in vivo. After a single injection of 45CaCl2 into the cecum, 26.0 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SE, n = 9) of the 45CaCl2 injected disappeared. This absorption was modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, increased to 64.0 +/- 4.2% under a low-Ca diet, and increased under low-Pi diet. In contrast, when the difference of nonradioactive Ca in the cecal content and the feces was measured, only 4.1 +/- 4.6% (not significant) was absorbed. Secretion of intravenously injected 45Ca into the lumen was small and not altered by any of the conditions tested. When cecum contents were placed into duodenal tied loops, 14 +/- 6.2% were absorbed in situ when 45Ca was given orally, whereas when 45Ca was directly added to the content 35.6 +/- 4.6% were absorbed (P less than 0.02). These results indicate that the large intestine has an important vitamin D-dependent Ca absorptive system detectable if 45Ca is injected into the cecum. However, it is not effective in vivo because the Ca arriving in the large intestine appears to be no longer in an absorbable form.

Influence of Cr, Ti and Zr Oxides Formation on High Temperature Sliding of NiAl-Based Plasma Spray Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Poliarus ◽  
Oleksandr Umanskyi ◽  
Maksym Ukrainets ◽  
Oleksii Kostenko ◽  
Maksim Antonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spray Coatings ◽  
Plasma Spray Coatings ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Disc Configuration ◽  
Friction Surfaces

In this study, the tribological characteristics of plasma thermal spray coatings are studied with particular interest on formation and performance of Cr, Ti and Zr oxides under dry sliding at 500 °С with Pin-On-Disc configuration against NiAl. Plain Cr2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings were tested to trace the difference between performance of original and in-situ formed oxides. Friction surfaces were examined using SEM and X-ray spectral analyses. The highest wear resistance of NiAl-CrB2 composite coatings can be related to the formation of Cr2O3 during the tribosynthesis process.

scholarly journals Selection of DNA Aptamers for Subcellular Localization of RBSDV P10 Protein in the Midgut of Small Brown Planthoppers by Emulsion PCR-Based SELEX

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Haoqiu Liu ◽  
Yijun Zhou ◽  
Qiufang Xu ◽  
Sek-Man Wong
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dna Aptamers ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Emulsion Pcr ◽  
Detection Probe

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), classified under the Reoviridae, Fijivirus genus, caused an epidemic in the eastern provinces of China and other East Asian countries and resulted in severe yield loss in rice and wheat production. RBSDV is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) in a persistent manner. In order to provide a stable and cost-effective detection probe, in this study we selected three DNA aptamers (R3, R5 and R11) by an optimized, standardized and time saving emulsion PCR-based SELEX, for the detection of RBSDV outer-shell P10 protein for in situ localization studies in the midgut of SBPH. The specificity of these three DNA aptamers was tested through detection of the P10 protein using an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) and aptamer-based dot-blot ELISA. All three DNA aptamers can be used to detect RBSDV P10 protein by immunofluorescent labeling in the midgut of RBSDV-infected SBPH. These data show that the selected aptamers can be used for the detection of RBSDV P10 protein in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report of aptamers being selected for detection of a rice virus capsid protein.

In vivo mechanical behavior of canine pericardium

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. H349-H356 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mann ◽  
W. Lew ◽  
E. Ban-Hayashi ◽  
R. Shabetai ◽  
L. Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Strain Difference ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Pericardial Pressure ◽  
Heart Preparation ◽  
The Difference

We examined the in vivo mechanical behavior of the pericardium by measuring simultaneous atrial and intrapericardial pressures and mutually orthogonal, circumferential, and longitudinally oriented pericardial segment lengths (ultrasonic gauges) in 10 open-chest dogs. Venous return was varied by a combination of caval occlusion followed by volume loading. Up to a mean left atrial pressure of 25 mmHg, the pericardium lengthened virtually exclusively in the circumferential direction (n = 9). Thus, at an intrapericardial pressure of 6.0 +/- 1.0 (+/- SD) mmHg, circumferential strain (normalized to length at pericardial pressure 0 mmHg) was 0.30 +/- 0.28, whereas longitudinal strain was 0.02 +/- 0.06 (P less than 0.05). In five of these dogs, alteration of external pericardial loading by severing the pericardial diaphragmatic attachments did not change the difference between circumferential and longitudinal strain, and in two the same directional strain difference was observed during production of cardia tamponade. In three additional dogs the square of the circumferential segment length was closely correlated with the directly measured intrapericardial volume when saline was infused into the pericardial space in an in situ, arrested heart preparation. Our results indicate that there is marked directional variability in lengthening of the pericardium when the volume of its contents is altered in vivo. This phenomenon is probably the result of complex interactions between the properties of the pericardial tissue and the influence of its internal and external loads.

scholarly journals An Improved Eutrophication Assessment Algorithm of Estuaries and Coastal Waters in Liaodong Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3867
Author(s):  
Mengjun Li ◽  
Yonghua Sun ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Mengying Cui ◽  
Chen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Liaodong Bay ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Eutrophication Assessment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sentinel 2

Eutrophication is considered to be a significant threat to estuaries and coastal waters. Various localized studies on the world’s oceans have recognized and confirmed that the Forel-Ule Color Index (FUI) or optical measurements are proportional to several water quality variables based on the relatively clear Chl-a-based waters. However, the application potential of FUI in the turbid estuary with complex optics has not been explored. In this study, we selected the coastal waters in the northern Liaodong Bay as the study area, using the field hyperspectral reflectances (Rrs) collected in 2018 to correct the hue angle and verify the Sentinel-2 images algorithm of FUI by in situ FUI in 2019–2020. The results show that there is a good agreement (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 1.32, MAPE = 1.25%). Trophic Level Index (TLI) was used to evaluate the eutrophication status. The relationship between the in situ FUI and TLI collected in 2018 was discussed based on the difference in the dominant components of waters, while a number of non-algae suspended solids in the estuaries and coastal waters led to the overestimation of eutrophication based on FUI. The R(560)–R(704) (when FUI is between 11 and 15) and R(665)/R(704) (when FUI is between 19 and 21) was employed to distinguish total suspended matter (TSM)-dominated systems in the FUI-based eutrophication assessment. Based on the analysis, a new approach to assessing the eutrophication of coastal waters in Liaodong Bay was developed, which proved to have good accuracy by the field data in 2019 and 2020 (accuracy is 79%). Finally, we used Sentinel-2 images from Google Earth from 2019 to 2020 and locally processed data from 2018 to analyze the FUI spatial distribution and spatial and temporal statistics of the trophic status in the northern Liaodong Bay. The results show that the northern Liaodong Bay always presented the distribution characteristics of high inshore and low outside, high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The nutrient status is the worst in spring and summer.

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