Motivations and Deterrents to Educational Use of “Intelligent Videodisc” Systems

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester F. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Instructional Delivery ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Innovation In Education ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
First Time

The “intelligent videodisc” — a combination of advanced microprocessor, display, and storage technology — holds the potential for developing into a powerful instructional delivery system. In an inexpensive package, it could combine advanced computer-aided instruction (CAI) software power and display capability for audio, video, and textual programming. Attractive technically though it is, this system's real contribution will be that CAI will fit the institutional structure of education for the first time. In contrast to existing, large-scale CAI systems, this small-scale device could be purchased locally, e.g., by one teacher or administrator. Another unique attribute of this technology is its potential attractiveness to consumers. Acceptance in the home may speed acceptance in schools. Despite these unique characteristics, this new technology will face some of the same traditional barriers to innovation in education that have doomed other systems. It is likely that many teachers will retain their unwillingness to innovate using technology. Tight budgets will remain because of shrinking student populations and voter apathy. High costs might restrict software availability. This paper investigates these and other driving forces and barriers to use of the “intelligent videodisc” as a personal instructional delivery system. The paper can serve as a platform for a discussion of needs and opportunities for a Federal role in promoting educational utilization of this system.

Spatial Perspectives on Coworking Spaces and Related Practices in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Yangfanqi Liu ◽  
Yuebing Liang ◽  
David Vargas ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
Coworking Spaces ◽  
The City

Coworking space is a recent manifestation of the emerging sharing economy. This is largely due to two core driving forces: a new working style in the creative and knowledge economies, and the sharing economy, which promotes resource usage efficiency. This paper develops an analytical framework for the spatial perspectives on coworking spaces according to the core driving forces at both the urban and architectural levels, followed by empirical studies on practices related to coworking space in Beijing. The results indicate that at the city scale, coworking spaces tend to aggregate in clusters of large-scale creative and knowledge enterprises in mixed-use and high-density areas, and underutilized spaces become the key pillar. In the architectural dimension, coworking spaces tend to coexist with conventional office spaces or coliving apartments. Empirical studies in Beijing also show that coworking spaces have promoted the sustainable development of the city by renewing existing low-profit urban spaces and utilizing architectural spaces more efficiently. However, the unstable lease market of small-scale businesses, as well as marginal financial models, which pro fit from rental differences, challenge the survival of coworking spaces. In pursuit of capital, coworking spaces have tended to overexpand.

scholarly journals Optimisation of confinement in a fusion reactor using a nonlinear turbulence model

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Highcock ◽  
N. R. Mandell ◽  
M. Barnes ◽  
W. Dorland
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Zonal Flows ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Turbulent Cascade

The confinement of heat in the core of a magnetic fusion reactor is optimised using a multidimensional optimisation algorithm. For the first time in such a study, the loss of heat due to turbulence is modelled at every stage using first-principles nonlinear simulations which accurately capture the turbulent cascade and large-scale zonal flows. The simulations utilise a novel approach, with gyrofluid treatment of the small-scale drift waves and gyrokinetic treatment of the large-scale zonal flows. A simple near-circular equilibrium with standard parameters is chosen as the initial condition. The figure of merit, fusion power per unit volume, is calculated, and then two control parameters, the elongation and triangularity of the outer flux surface, are varied, with the algorithm seeking to optimise the chosen figure of merit. A twofold increase in the plasma power per unit volume is achieved by moving to higher elongation and strongly negative triangularity.

Driving Forces of Landscape Change at the Upriver of Minjiang, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hua Zhao ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Planned Parenthood ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Leap Forward

Research into landscape change was one of two major fields of interdisciplinary research into the human dimensions of environmental change, the other being the approach of socio-economic metabolism; the causes of which were complicated and comprehensive. Based on the household level interview, analyzing the causes of change by the multifactor was a good method. We applied the household level interview data to analyze the causes of landscape cover change at the upper reach of Minjiang, China. The causes of landscape change at the upper reach of Minjiang included agriculture, wood, infrastructure, economy, technology, policy & institution, demography and culture variables, etc. The results showed that the primary causes of landscape change at the upper reach of Minjiang were the correlative country policies (such as the Great Leap Forward, the Deforestation, the Institutional Revolution, the Planned Parenthood, the Open-up, the Natural Forest Conservation Program) and triggered event (such as the three years’ natural disaster) at the large scale, however, at the small scale such as at the village level, the principal cause of which was different, and there were the interplay among different factors. So we thought that the landscape cover change was the result of multifactor interplay at the upper reach of Minjiang, China.

scholarly journals Piezoeletricity as an Alternative Source of Electric Power Generation in an Education Institution in the Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 467-474
Author(s):  
Yasmin Souza de Carvalho ◽  
Elizeu Moraes da Silva ◽  
Fabiana Rocha Pinto ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Igor Felipe Oliveira Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Short Time

The development of technologies for the generation of clean and sustainable energy has brought significant changes to the energy sector in Brazil and worldwide. The newest technology is piezoelectricity, which although it has been studied for years, has not yet gained its proper space in the national and international electrical matrices. With this in mind, the present work aims to describe the process of installing a prototype carpet using piezoelectric ceramics that, through a force applied by any individual, is capable of generating enough energy for the operation of a turnstile in a HEI from Manaus-AM. The application was tested by modeling applying mathematical equations in the working of the prototype developed by APC International. Different answers were obtained considering the different dimensions for the piezoelectric parts. However, it is understood that this energy production model, treated as a new technology, presents economic viability in its implementation. One of the results demonstrates that the smaller the ceramic piece, the greater the energy production and can be adapted over time to respond to large productions. Thus, it is concluded from the calculations made that piezoelectric ceramics is an excellent alternative for the production of clean energy on a small scale, in a short time, and in the long term can reach large scale.

scholarly journals Newly defined conditions for thein vitrocultivation and cryopreservation ofDientamoeba fragilis: new techniques set to fast track molecular studies on this organism

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (13) ◽  
pp. 1867-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. N. BARRATT ◽  
G. R. BANIK ◽  
J. HARKNESS ◽  
D. MARRIOTT ◽  
J. T. ELLIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis a pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract that is a common cause of diarrhoea. A paucity of knowledge on thein vitrocultivation and cryopreservation ofDientamoebahas meant that few studies have been conducted to investigate its biology. The objective of this study was to define, for the first time,in vitroculture conditions able to support the long-termin vitrogrowth ofDientamoeba. Also, we aimed to define a suitable method for cryopreserving viableDientamoebatrophozoites. A modified BD medium, TYGM-9, Loeffler's slope medium, Robinson's medium, Medium 199, Trichosel and aTritrichomonas fetusmedium were compared, using cell counts, for their ability to support the growth ofD. fragilisat various temperatures and atmospheric conditions. Loeffler's slope medium supported significantly better growth compared to other media. A temperature of 42°C and a microaerophilic atmosphere were also optimum forDientamoebagrowth. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe and compare different culture media and conditions for the growth of clinical isolates ofD. fragilis.This new technology will aid the development of diagnostics for dientamoebiasis as well as facilitate large-scale sequencing projects that will fast track molecular studies onD. fragilis.

Abnormal Winter Weather in Japan during 2012 Controlled by Large-Scale Atmospheric and Small-Scale Oceanic Phenomena

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Ando ◽  
Masayo Ogi ◽  
Yoshihiro Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
First Time

Abstract Negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) and western Pacific (WP) indices persisted from October to December 2012 in the Northern Hemisphere. For the first time, the monthly AO and WP were both negative for three consecutive months since records have been kept. Although in general negative AO and WP phases cause Siberia, East Asia, and Japan to be abnormally cold, Japan was relatively warm in October 2012 even though both the AO and WP were strongly negative. The temperature of the Sea of Japan reached a record-breaking high in October 2012, and it was found that heating by these very warm waters, despite the small size of the Sea of Japan, overwhelmed the cooling effect of the strongly negative AO and WP in October. Linear regression analyses showed that Japan tends to be warm in years when the Sea of Japan is warm. Consequently, the temperature over Japan is controlled by interannual variations of small-scale oceanic phenomena as well as by large-scale atmospheric patterns. Previous studies have ignored such small-scale oceanic influences on island temperatures.

From the border to the bedroom: changing conflict dynamics in Karamoja, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-159
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stites ◽  
Kimberly Howe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
The Past ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
First Time ◽  
Karamoja Region ◽  
Eastern Uganda

AbstractFor the latter decades of the last century, the Karamoja region of north-eastern Uganda was infamous as a place of violent cattle raids and road ambushes, populated by fierce warriors. Using primary data, this article examines the shifts from large-scale raiding to opportunistic theft as well as the profound transformation in the security environment over the past 10 years. We argue that the combination of a top-down sustained disarmament campaign and grassroots peace resolutions have created relative stability for the first time in decades. This stability has allowed for the expansion of markets, investments by national and international actors, and the rejuvenation of livelihoods for many residents. However, while large-scale violent cattle raids are largely a thing of the past, violence and insecurity have shifted to the domestic sphere in the form of small-scale but pervasive thefts and rampant domestic violence.

scholarly journals Umbral chromospheric fine structure and umbral flashes modelled as one: The corrugated umbra

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. A215
Author(s):  
Vasco M. J. Henriques ◽  
Chris J. Nelson ◽  
Luc H. M. Rouppe van der Voort ◽  
Mihalis Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
Early Portion ◽  
Spectral Profiles ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
First Time

Context. The chromosphere of the umbra of sunspots features an assortment of dynamic fine structures that are poorly understood and often studied separately. Small-scale umbral brightenings (SSUBs), umbral microjets, spikes or short dynamic fibrils (SDFs), and umbral dark fibrils are found in any observation of the chromosphere with sufficient spatial resolution performed at the correct umbral flash stage and passband. Understanding these features means understanding the dynamics of the umbral chromosphere. Aims. We aim to fully understand the dynamics of umbral chromosphere through analysis of the relationships between distinct observed fine features and to produce complete models that explain both spectral profiles and the temporal evolution of the features. We seek to relate such understanding to umbral flashes. Methods. We studied the spatial and spectral co-evolution of SDFs, SSUBs, and umbral flashes in Ca II 8542 Å spectral profiles. We produced models that generate the spectral profiles for all classes of features using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer with a recent version of the NICOLE inversion code. Results. We find that both bright SSUBs and dark SDF structures are described with a continuous feature in the parameter space that is distinct from the surroundings even in pixel-by-pixel inversions. We find a phase difference between such features and umbral flashes in both inverted line-of-sight velocities and timing of the brightenings. For umbral flashes themselves we resolve, for the first time in inversion-based semi-empirical modelling, the pre-flash downflows, post-flash upflows, and the counter-flows present during the umbral flash phase. We further present a simple time-dependent cartoon model that explains the dynamics and spectral profiles of both fine structure, dark and bright, and umbral flashes in umbral chromospheres. Conclusions. The similarity of the profiles between the brightenings and umbral flashes, the pattern of velocities obtained from the inversions, and the phase relationships between the structures all lead us to put forward that all dynamic umbral chromospheric structures observed to this date are a locally delayed or locally early portion of the oscillatory flow pattern that generates flashes, secondary to the steepening large-scale acoustic waves at its source. Essentially, SSUBs are part of the same shock or merely compression front responsible for the spatially larger umbral flash phenomenon, but out of phase with the broader oscillation.

Trends in Kenyan Agriculture in Relation to Employment

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-403
Author(s):  
G. D. Gwyer
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology ◽  
Employment Trends ◽  
Farm Structures ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Unemployment Problem ◽  
Differential Access

THE objective of this article is to contribute to our understanding of the unemployment problem in Kenya through an analysis of trends in employment in both large- and small-scale agriculture. First, the major movements that have been occurring within agriculture are described, and the importance of investment in education is emphasised to explain movements out of this sector. Secondly, the effects of past government programmes on the employment capacity of small-scale agriculture are related to still outstanding problems of regional disparities resulting from differential access to knowledge, finance, and material inputs. Lastly, employment trends in large-scale agriculture are compared and related to the adoption of new technology and changing farm structures.

scholarly journals Eradication of PRRS from backyard swine herds in Hungary between 2012 and 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Nemes ◽  
Tamás Molnár ◽  
Tamás Abonyi ◽  
Zsolt Terjék ◽  
Ádám Bálint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Government ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Free Status ◽  
The Eu

In the EU Member States with a traditionally significant pig industry, the prevalence of PRRS infections is high. Therefore, the Pig Strategy of the Government of Hungary prioritises eradication of PRRSV in Hungary. For the first time among the EU Member States, a National PRRS Eradication Programme was introduced in order to reach a more efficient, economical and competitive international market position. Although its significance has decreased in recent decades, 20% of the Hungarian pig population is still kept on small-scale (backyard) farms (< 100 animals). The prevalence of PRRSV in backyard farms was 3.9% at the beginning of the programme. The present paper details the measures applied during the different phases of the programme in backyard farms. During all the phases, serological testing of the breeding animals of the registered small-scale herds was performed, including the highest number of individual animals. Seropositive individuals were tested by PCR and were removed from the backyard farm within the framework of official measures. By sequencing the identified PRRS strains, the possible epidemic relationships between small-scale and large-scale farms were continuously monitored. As a result of the programme, PRRS-free status of the small-scale herds was achieved by the end of 2015, and this status was maintained in 2016-2018.

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