Abnormal Winter Weather in Japan during 2012 Controlled by Large-Scale Atmospheric and Small-Scale Oceanic Phenomena

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Ando ◽  
Masayo Ogi ◽  
Yoshihiro Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Oscillation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
First Time

Abstract Negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) and western Pacific (WP) indices persisted from October to December 2012 in the Northern Hemisphere. For the first time, the monthly AO and WP were both negative for three consecutive months since records have been kept. Although in general negative AO and WP phases cause Siberia, East Asia, and Japan to be abnormally cold, Japan was relatively warm in October 2012 even though both the AO and WP were strongly negative. The temperature of the Sea of Japan reached a record-breaking high in October 2012, and it was found that heating by these very warm waters, despite the small size of the Sea of Japan, overwhelmed the cooling effect of the strongly negative AO and WP in October. Linear regression analyses showed that Japan tends to be warm in years when the Sea of Japan is warm. Consequently, the temperature over Japan is controlled by interannual variations of small-scale oceanic phenomena as well as by large-scale atmospheric patterns. Previous studies have ignored such small-scale oceanic influences on island temperatures.

scholarly journals Optimisation of confinement in a fusion reactor using a nonlinear turbulence model

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Highcock ◽  
N. R. Mandell ◽  
M. Barnes ◽  
W. Dorland
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Zonal Flows ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Turbulent Cascade

The confinement of heat in the core of a magnetic fusion reactor is optimised using a multidimensional optimisation algorithm. For the first time in such a study, the loss of heat due to turbulence is modelled at every stage using first-principles nonlinear simulations which accurately capture the turbulent cascade and large-scale zonal flows. The simulations utilise a novel approach, with gyrofluid treatment of the small-scale drift waves and gyrokinetic treatment of the large-scale zonal flows. A simple near-circular equilibrium with standard parameters is chosen as the initial condition. The figure of merit, fusion power per unit volume, is calculated, and then two control parameters, the elongation and triangularity of the outer flux surface, are varied, with the algorithm seeking to optimise the chosen figure of merit. A twofold increase in the plasma power per unit volume is achieved by moving to higher elongation and strongly negative triangularity.

An Increasing Trend in the Early Winter Precipitation during Recent Decades along the Coastal Areas of the Sea of Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2893-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yasunaga ◽  
Masashi Tomochika
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Precipitation Increase

Abstract Long-term changes in the monthly precipitation along the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan are examined using monthly operational observation data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The monthly precipitation in December significantly increased from the mid-1980s to 2015, even though no remarkable changes were found in January, February, or November. Significant positive trends in the December precipitation extend widely over the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan, and the amounts increase to approximately 50% of the climatological precipitation in December at most observational stations. The interannual variations in other variables, including the monthly accumulated actual sunshine duration, days with lightning detection, and satellite-retrieved outgoing longwave radiation, also show significant trends that are consistent with the precipitation increase in December. The effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) on precipitation change is discussed based on correlation and regression analyses. The interannual variations in the December precipitation averaged over the observational stations near the Sea of Japan are significantly correlated with the SSTs in the prior month (November). However, the SST increase in November is insufficient to account for the increase in precipitation. In addition, it was found that the satellite-retrieved surface wind speed in December has grown stronger in recent years over the Sea of Japan. It is suggested that the stronger wind corresponds to the enhanced monsoonal flow and is the primary cause of the precipitation increase in December.

scholarly journals Structure and Environment of Polar Mesocyclones over the Northeastern Part of the Sea of Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 2217-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-ichi I. Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Niino ◽  
Wataru Yanase
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Sensitivity Experiments ◽  
Mesoscale Structures ◽  
Boundary Fields ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract Polar mesocyclones (PMCs) are mesoscale cyclonic vortices that develop poleward of the main polar front. The Sea of Japan is one region where PMCs frequently occur during winter. In this paper, the general characteristics of the structure and environment of PMCs that form over the northeastern part of the Sea of Japan and move southward are examined using composite analysis and numerical simulation. The composite analyses show that the synoptic-scale environment of the PMCs is characterized by a zonal temperature gradient at lower levels and a trough accompanied by cold air at upper levels. These elements of the environmental field form a reverse shear. The mesoscale structure of the PMCs exhibits characteristics of baroclinic development, while it is also accompanied by condensational heating. The numerical simulation in which the composite fields are used for the initial and boundary conditions successfully reproduces a realistic PMC. In this numerical simulation, the mesoscale structures are almost smoothed out in the initial and boundary fields, indicating that the PMCs spontaneously form and develop when the large-scale environment becomes favorable. Sensitivity experiments in which moisture is removed demonstrate that condensational heating is crucial for the genesis and development of the PMC. The sensitivity experiments also show that the warm sea surface temperature in the Strait of Tartary and the Sea of Japan to the west of Hokkaido Island, and the topography of the Sikhote-Alin mountain region provide favorable conditions for the development of the PMCs.

scholarly journals Overlapping ore mineralization of volcanic rocks from the Sea of Japan: new data

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
O. N. Kolesnik ◽  
V. T. S’edin ◽  
A. N. Kolesnik ◽  
E. I. Yaroshchuk ◽  
A. A. Karabtsov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Ore Mineralization ◽  
First Time

An overlapping (postvolcanic) ore mineralization of volcanic rocks building up submarine edifices in the Sea of Japan has been semi-quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated for the first time. The study considers the main types of volcanic rocks (marginal continental, post-rift, and alkali ones) and focuses primarily on mineral phases formed in them by nonferrous, noble, and rare metals. The most enriched are post-rift rocks. That is due to the initial magma’s fluid saturation, as well as long-lived volcanic and postvolcanic processes.

scholarly journals Impacts of logging on density-dependent predation of dipterocarp seeds in a South East Asian rainforest

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1582) ◽  
pp. 3246-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bagchi ◽  
Christopher D. Philipson ◽  
Eleanor M. Slade ◽  
Andy Hector ◽  
Sam Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Conspecific Density

Much of the forest remaining in South East Asia has been selectively logged. The processes promoting species coexistence may be the key to the recovery and maintenance of diversity in these forests. One such process is the Janzen–Connell mechanism, where specialized natural enemies such as seed predators maintain diversity by inhibiting regeneration near conspecifics. In Neotropical forests, anthropogenic disturbance can disrupt the Janzen–Connell mechanism, but similar data are unavailable for South East Asia. We investigated the effects of conspecific density (two spatial scales) and distance from fruiting trees on seed and seedling survival of the canopy tree Parashorea malaanonan in unlogged and logged forests in Sabah, Malaysia. The production of mature seeds was higher in unlogged forest, perhaps because high adult densities facilitate pollination or satiate pre-dispersal predators. In both forest types, post-dispersal survival was reduced by small-scale (1 m 2 ) conspecific density, but not by proximity to the nearest fruiting tree. Large-scale conspecific density (seeds per fruiting tree) reduced predation, probably by satiating predators. Higher seed production in unlogged forest, in combination with slightly higher survival, meant that recruitment was almost entirely limited to unlogged forest. Thus, while logging might not affect the Janzen–Connell mechanism at this site, it may influence the recruitment of particular species.

Deep-water Ascidiacea from the Sea of Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3245 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN SANAMYAN ◽  
NADYA SANAMYAN
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Species

Four solitary ascidians are recorded in the deep-water material from the Sea of Japan. Two species, Agnezia orthenteronand Pelonaia bursaria are recorded for the first time since original descriptions, a third species, Styela squamosa, is awidely distributed deep-water species not known previously from the Sea of Japan. A fourth species was identified only to a genus level.

scholarly journals Early – Middle Paleozoic geology of the Sea of Japan Continent – Ocean Transitional Zone (review). Pt 2.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. ИЗОСОВ ◽  
Н.П. КУЛЬКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Middle Paleozoic ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

На основании обширного материала впервые проведена корреляция нижнесреднепалеозойских стратиграфических подразделений местного ранга различных регионов Япономорской зоны перехода континент–океан. Выделены стратифицирующиеся и нестратифицирующиеся магматические комплексы этих возрастов, представляющие собой вулканические, субвулканические, вулканоплутонические и плутонические образования. Авторами детально рассмотрены территориально разрозненные в основном палеонтологически охарактеризованные разрезы ордовика, силура и девона данного региона. В структурах, наложенных на докембрийские массивы, рассматриваемые отложения обычно хорошо прослеживаются по латерали, в то время как в полициклических подвижных поясах они залегают часто в виде олистолитов в мезозойских микститах или крупных ксенолитов в разновозрастных гранитоидах. Субмаринные ордовикские, силурийские и девонские отложения ЯЗ накапливались в сходной палеогеографической обстановке практически в одних и тех же седиментационных бассейнах, которые соединялись с центральноазиатскими, приохотскими и австралийскими морями. Континентальные осадки исследованной территории представлены девонскими толщами, включающими многочисленные растительные остатки, широко распространенными также в Центральном Казахстане, Западной Сибири, Приохотье и Южном Китае. On the basis of extensive material the correlation of Lower – Middle Paleozoic local-rank stratigraphic divisions of the Sea of Japan Continent – Ocean Transitional Zone is carried out for the first time. The stratified and non-stratified magmatic complexes of these ages, representing volcanic, subvolcanic, volcano-plutonic and plutonic generations are allocated. The authors have considered territorially separate, generally paleontologically characterized Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian sections of the given region in details. In the structures superimposed on Precambrian Massifs, considered sediments are usually well traced along the strike, while in Polycyclic Mobile Belts they lie down often in the form of olistoliths in Mesozoic mixtites or – large xenoliths in uneven-aged granitoids. Submarine Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian sediments of JZ accumulated in similar paleogeographic conditions, practically in the same sediment basins, which incorporated to the Central-Asian, Okhotsk and Australian Seas. Continental deposits of the investigated territory are presented by the Devonian strata, including the numerous vegetative remnants, widespread as well in the Central Kazakhstan, Western Siberia, Okhotsk Region and in Southern China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document