The Debate in Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice H. King
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Future

The comparative emptiness of Africa in relation to so many other parts of the developing world makes it difficult both for the administrator and the public to see the demographic advantages of a slower rate of population increase. This difficulty is accentuated by tensions among the tribes within a country, and by the racial tensions in the continent as a whole. Political difficulties are compounded by personal ones and there are deep psychologic impediments to family limitation. Although traditional methods of family planning are common in many tribes, there is much resistance to the modern methods that attempt to replace them. Yet even if the economic arguments for family limitation are not widely understood, progress has been made and family planning is slowly coming to be more widely accepted. Still, ominous portents for the future can already be seen. The recent bloodshed in Rwanda, on a scale which has had too little international publicity, seems to have been at least partly due to the pressure of people on land. This is a warning of what the continent can expect if her countries do not make good use of the time that most of them still have to implement rational population policies.

scholarly journals Family Limitation

1966 ◽  
Vol 59 (11P1) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153
Author(s):  
Robert Smith
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Specialist Service ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Dr Robert Smith surveys the history of birth control and sounds a warning for the future of mankind, if the population explosion is allowed to continue unchecked. He stresses the importance of the role of the general practitioner in the limitation of births. Sir Theodore Fox describes the work of the Family Planning Association and stresses that, increasingly, this is a specialist service covering all aspects of fertility. He also feels that the general practitioner has a role in family planning.

Users of traditional methods of contraception in Bangladesh: 1981–91

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mujibur Rahman ◽  
M. Nurul Islam ◽  
M. Mazharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

SummaryThis paper examines the changing patterns of knowledge, attitude and use of traditional methods of contraception, compared to modern methods, over the last five contraceptive prevalence surveys in Bangladesh (1981–91). The results show that knowledge of at least one method of family planning is universal in Bangladesh and usage is higher at all ages for women who are using modern methods than for those who are using traditional methods. Educated women and those in employment are more likely to use modern contraceptive methods.

scholarly journals Rethinking Population Policies from Family Planning to Population Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Kewal Ram Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Management ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Long Time

Population policy plays a significant role for the desired demographic and social outcome of a nation with aims of social welfare and progress. Basically, anti-natalist and pronatalist policies are adopted to influence fertility. Family planning programs and policies have been initiated with the aim of population management in Nepal but concentrated on fertility reduction in a later period, the continuation of such policies and rapid decreasing of fertility may create tribulation in future as developed countries with having a condition of depopulation. This paper attempts to analyze content related to fertility and family planning policies and activities thoroughly and the level, trend, and projection of fertility and family planning with the objective of finding future implications. Findings suggest that it should focused on population responsive policies, quality life of people, utilization of demographic dividends mostly on population management rather than anti-natalist population policy. Since a long time, Nepal has adopted the Anti-natalist population policy, which should be rethought for the sustainability of development and population management. Fertility, a major process of population increase, Basically, determined by many biological, sociocultural, economic, geographical factors, can’t increase as the nation’s desire and need. So, need to pay attention to prevent depopulation status.

NEWS FRAMING OF POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING ISSUES VIA SYNTACTIC NETWORK ANALYSIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIKA LEGARA ◽  
CHRISTOPHER MONTEROLA ◽  
CLARISSA DAVID ◽  
JENNA MAE ATUN
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Population Issue

Contentious political debates regarding the issues on population and family planning have been perennial over the past four decades especially in developing countries. While its prominence in the public agenda varies depending on other national issues vying for public attention, its presence in policy and political agendas is constant. Here, a computational approach to framing analysis is developed that examines the pattern of media coverage on the population issue in the Philippines. The content of 146 articles sampled from 1988 to 2007 in Manila Bulletin (one of the leading newspapers in the Philippines) is analyzed by creating a syntactic network of concept co-occurrences. The topological properties of the network indicates that the discussion of an article revolves around few central ideas. Moreover, cluster analysis of the network suggests three well-defined frame themes, namely: (1) Development Frame; (2) Maternal Health Frame; and (3) Framing by the Catholic Church. Our results support the thesis that the inability to fruitfully discuss points of contention to reach agreement about suitable population policies in the Philippines is due to the mismatched frames within which it is discussed.

Contraceptive method change among rural Sri Lankan women

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (S11) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Amy Ong Tsui ◽  
Shyam Thapa ◽  
David Hamill ◽  
Victor de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Using Data

SummaryPatterns of contraceptive method change and their association with reproductive motivation and contraceptive failure are examined using data from a 1986 survey of family planning behaviour of rural Sinhalese married women aged 15–44 in seventeen districts of Sri Lanka. A notable degree of rationality in contraceptive method changes occurs with family formation. The attempt to control unwanted fertility leads to more efficacious use of contraception, including traditional methods. Some methodological improvements to the analysis of contraceptive switching are indicated. Implications of the findings for programmatic emphasis on permanent versus non-permanent modern methods are discussed.

Characteristics of Users of Traditional Contraceptive Methods in Bangladesh

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
M. M. Uddin ◽  
S. R. Chowdhury ◽  
T. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

SummaryThe 1981 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey found that 55% of ever-married women had some knowledge of traditional methods of contraception and the overall level of ever use was 23%. There was a positive relationship between use and socioeconomic variables. Current use of traditional methods at 7·7% was only slightly below the figure for modern methods (10·9%). It is suggested that traditional methods still have an important role in family planning and that this should not be disregarded.

scholarly journals IS TRADITIONAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN MOLDOVA ASSOCIATED WITH POVERTY AND ISOLATION?

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK J. LYONS-AMOS ◽  
GABRIELE B. DURRANT ◽  
SABU S. PADMADAS
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Modern Methods

SummaryThis study investigates the correlates of traditional contraceptive use in Moldova, a poor country in Europe with one of the highest proportions of traditional contraceptive method users. The high reliance on traditional methods, particularly in the context of sub-replacement level fertility rate, has not been systematically evaluated in demographic research. Using cross-sectional data on a sub-sample of 6039 sexually experienced women from the 2005 Moldovan Demographic and Health Survey, this study hypothesizes that (a) economic and spatial disadvantages increase the likelihood of traditional method use, and (b) high exposure to family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH) programmes increases the propensity to modern method use. Multilevel multinomial models are used to examine the correlates of traditional method use controlling for exposure to sexual activity, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and data structure. The results show that economic disadvantage increases the probability of traditional method use, but the overall effect is small. Although higher family planning media exposure decreases the reliance on traditional methods among younger women, it has only a marginal effect in increasing modern method use among older women. Family planning programmes designed to encourage women to switch from traditional to modern methods have some success – although the effect is considerably reduced in regions outside of the capital Chisinau. The study concludes that FP/RH efforts directed towards the poorest may have limited impact, but interventions targeted at older women could reduce the burden of unwanted pregnancies and abortions. Addressing differentials in accessing modern methods could improve uptake in rural areas.

scholarly journals Postpartum contraception utilization and its impact on inter pregnancy interval among mothers accessing maternity services in the public sector hospital of Hyderabad Sindh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Seema Bibi Qureshi ◽  
Dr Anila Shoukat ◽  
Dr Pir Maroof ◽  
Sara Mushraf
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Postpartum Contraception ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Hospital ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval

Objective: To find out the particulars regarding contraceptive practices in the postpartum period and to see its impact on prolonging interpregnancy interval (IPI). Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit 3, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from 1st July to 31st December 2018. Out of 2100 total deliveries, 398 postpartum women with second or higher order births were included. Pregnant women, primiparas and those who were not willing to participate were excluded. They were interviewed face to face by principal investigator and her team members and required information was collected on predesigned Performa. Outcome variable was interpregnancy interval in months. Chi-square test was used to see association Results: Postpartum contraception utilization (PPC) was 24.6%(n=398). Most of the women choose condoms as contraceptive method (n=41, 10.3%) followed by oral contraceptive pills (n=18, 4.5%) and intra uterine contraceptive device (n=16,4%). Method related issues were the chief reasons for discontinuation while desire to have another child soon and spouse/family disapproval were among the reasons mentioned largely by non-utilizers of modern methods of family planning. The average interpregnancy interval was 16.4±1.45. Significant association was observed between interpregnancy interval and postpartum contraception use, particularly in the users of long acting reversible contraceptive methods (P-Value 0.0001). Conclusion: Uptake and continuation of modern methods of contraception was low after last birth culminating in short interpregnancy interval. Optimal IPI was observed in those utilizing modern methods of family planning, with marked effect in users of long acting reversible contraceptive methods. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.914 How to cite this:Bibi S, Shoukat A, Maroof P, Mushraf S. Postpartum contraception utilization and its impact on inter pregnancy interval among mothers accessing maternity services in the public sector hospital of Hyderabad Sindh. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1482-1487.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.914 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reconstruction of Life Imprisonment in Prison System in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Boma Wira Gumilar ◽  
Gunarto Gunarto ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Prison Life ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Types

The most important part in a Book of Criminal Law (Penal Code) is a prison, because the prison contains rules about the size and implementation of the criminal. The position of life imprisonment in the national criminal justice system is still considered relevant as a means of crime prevention, it can be seen from the number of offenses punishable with life imprisonment. However, life imprisonment is considered contrary to the penal system. This study aims to investigate the implementation of life imprisonment, weaknesses, and the solution in the future. The approach used in the study is a non-doctrinal legal research with socio-legal research types (Juridical Sociological).The results of research studies show that life imprisonment is contrary to prison system, and life imprisonment become an obstacle to fostering convicts back into society. Bill Criminal Code of September 2019 can be used as a solution to life imprisonment change in the future. Presented advice, in order to be disseminated to the application of the criminal purpose of the Criminal Code of Prison adopted in the future, so that the public and experts no longer make the criminal as a form of retaliation.Keywords: Reconstruction; Crime; Prison; Life Imprisonment; System; Corrections.

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