‘Scaling Up’ the Social Impact of Innovation in Services – Significant Findings and Best Practice Examples from Specialty Research

„Social innovation” have gained the focus of interest of many researchers and professionals preoccupied to find solutions to heavy societal problems manifesting themselves as challenges or obstacles for public organizations in the field of services of general interest. The present article explores the specialty research on the impact of social innovation concentrating on the most recent trends and concepts that better describe the ways that can lead to the „diffusion” of social innovation, particularly in the domain of services that are designed with the goal to ensure a higher quality life for all citizens. The main objective of our paper is to contribute to the conceptual field of innovation, by presenting a clear definition and by highlighting the newest trends in research. We also tried to identify what are the possible strategies to be applied by stakeholders in order to ensure the process of scaling up, bringing examples that prove the relevance of this concept in the field of public services. In light of recent developments in the field of social innovation, we consider that both research and practice related to „scaling up” need further evolution and more efforts in order to become solid points of reference for all interested parties. At the same time, the development of rigorous systems of evaluation of the effects and impact of innovation is strongly needed. The methods used are mainly qualitative, based on the evaluation of the specialty literature on innovation in services, and comparative, applied to highlight similarities and differences between various cases of innovation in the social sector that may be transferred in the public sector.

Allergic Rhinitis: keys for the clinician

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most common inflammatory diseases of the airways. According to the review of the literature, there is a prevalence of AR of 10-40% worldwide. AR is defined as a type I allergic disease caused by immunoglobulin E mediated inflammation. The symptoms include nasal congestion, watery rhinorrhea and sneezing. In most cases it is accompanied by ocular symptoms like ocular redness, tearing and itchy eyes. AR can have an influence on the quality of life in patients, for example: sleep disturbances, fatigue, irritability, depression, also affect the attention, learning and memory deficits. The classification of AR is seasonal AR, perennial AR, other classification is by duration of symptoms, like intermittent, persistent, also a severity classification, based on disturbances in quality life, proposed by the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The first steps in the diagnosis are the clinical history and physical examination of the patient. Also, the diagnosis can include laboratory tests like skin prick test and the determination of immunoglobulin E levels in serum. In the first line of the treatment there is the no pharmacologic changes in the patient’s life, emphasizing the avoidance of contact between the patient and the allergen, and the pharmacological treatment are the second-generation antihistamines, inhaled glucocorticoids and immunotherapy, also alternative treatments can be used like acupuncture, ginger extract and probiotic therapy. Allergic rhinitis represents a limitation in the daily activity of those affected, it affects their quality of life, interferes with their ability to sleep, as well as their life at work and school.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-Based Advanced Depression Detection System

Depression can be called a health issue that majorly affects the stability of the mind. Depression can also be called a mood disorder or mental illness that affects our mental state. Depression can affect a person mentally and physically. According to WHO, 264 million people in the world are affected because of depression. At its worst, depression can lead to suicide. About 8 million people commit suicide every year because of depression. It is not possible for one to live with depression, but if they get proper treatment at a right time, depression can be controlled and cured to help the person to live a quality life. To identify the level of depression of a person, we have to first identify the type of depression the patient is going through. The type of depression plays a very important role in determining the kind of treatment or help a depressed person needs by providing them various treatments. The authors propose a solution for detection of depression type and depression levels using advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms.

UNTAPPED ENTREPRENEURSHIP CHALLENGES: THE MISSING LINKAGES IN SUPPORTING THE GROWTH OF GRASSROOTS ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Investing at the grassroots level is an essential intervention to achieve the goals that the international and national communities have set in terms of sustainable development. However, substantial performance remains the concern of the many developing countries in establishing a strong strategy on education in supporting grassroots economies. The general objective of this paper is to engage in discussion on how the country's strategy is designed to meet the intended results in supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through entrepreneurship at the grassroots level. The specific objectives first will focus on critical analysis on the level of matching of the designed strategy and the implementation and secondly on the role of social innovations and the motivations of social entrepreneurs in supporting socioeconomic progress and employment creation. The paper outlined key issues from Malaysia and Zanzibar experiences using a qualitative approach. The findings indicate that in Zanzibar the grassroots entrepreneurs were dominated by weak education, mindset, and traditional experiences in transforming their practices using emerged innovation initiatives, there is also a weak government initiative on innovative measures and a lacks policy initiatives. While in Malaysia the grassroots entrepreneurs failed to use the existing opportunities of the STI initiative to transform themselves into global and regional opportunities. It is suggested that to realize the effective role of entrepreneurship in supporting SGD's goals in employment, quality life, and poverty reduction, there is a need for a paradigm shift to support entrepreneurship education which will support socio-economic development at all levels.

Metabolomics as an Important Tool for Determining the Mechanisms of Human Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning

Muscle deconditioning impairs both locomotor function and metabolic health, and is associated with reduced quality life and increased mortality rates. Despite an appreciation of the existence of phenomena such as muscle anabolic resistance, mitophagy, and insulin resistance with age and disease in humans, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for these negative traits. With the complexities surrounding these unknowns and the lack of progress to date in development of effective interventions, there is a need for alternative approaches. Metabolomics is the study of the full array of metabolites within cells or tissues, which collectively constitute the metabolome. As metabolomics allows for the assessment of the cellular metabolic state in response to physiological stimuli, any chronic change in the metabolome is likely to reflect adaptation in the physiological phenotype of an organism. This, therefore, provides a holistic and unbiased approach that could be applied to potentially uncover important novel facets in the pathophysiology of muscle decline in ageing and disease, as well as identifying prognostic markers of those at risk of decline. This review will aim to highlight the current knowledge and potential impact of metabolomics in the study of muscle mass loss and deconditioning in humans and will highlight key areas for future research.

Newer Treatment Modalities in Urticaria

Wheals (hives), angioedema, or both are symptoms of urticaria, a chronic clinical disorder. Urticaria has a complicated pathogenesis, as well as a large disease burden, a negative effect on health-care expenditures and quality of living. Urticaria could also be a chronic condition that affects up to 1% of the general population at some stage in their lives and can drastically impair quality life. The use of second-generation, non-sedating antihistamines has replaced antihistamines to use as the first-line therapy. However, urticaria can be difficult to manage in some cases; in these cases, alternate treatment approaches must be considered. This article reviews antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, anti-inflammatory drugs, biologicals, subcutaneous autologous serum therapy, doxepin, cyclosporine ,tranexamic acid and other newer treatment modalities.

Suitability of CPOT and BPS to Assess Pain Response in Intubated Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Intensive Care Patients

Background. Assessing pain in mechanically ventilated patients is an important thing for leads to improved outcome and better quality life of patients in the ICU. CPOT and BPS has been developed for measuring nonverbal patients. Aims. To validate suitability the use of CPOT and BPS in ICU RSMH. Methods. Observational analytic with cross sectional design was chosen for 50 samples conducted on July 2020 in ICU RSMH. Data was collected before and after pain procedure. Result. From 50 patients mostly 27(54%) male with age majority > 30 years old 39 (78%). The lowest GCS 2 and the highest 10. Length of treatment in ICU was 1 – 20 days. Bleeding variations was 0 - 1200 cc. BPS average before painful procedure was 2 – 5 and after panful procedure was 5 – 7. CPOT average before painful procedure was 1 – 6 and after painful procedure was 3 - 8. Kappa before painful procedure are moderate (kappa=0,435) and after painful procedure are fair (kappa=0,248) with strongly correlated in Pearson correlation (r = 0,644, r = 0,610) (p < 0,05). Conclusion. This study demonstrated that CPOT more detail than BPS for measuring pain in intubated patients.