Cognitive Processes and Technical Writing: Developmental Foundations

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert de Beaugrande

A brief overview of methods relating language education to psychological theories and models is provided. Strengths and weaknesses of behaviorist and mentalist approaches are surveyed, followed by an outline of a recently developing cognitive-process approach. The approach is then illustrated with an individual case study from the University of Florida writing program, with special consideration of the concerns of technical writing on the topic of automobile repair instructions. It is argued that specific tendencies carry over from speech habits that are partly supportive and partly contrary to success in learning the skills of technical writing. Consequently, appropriate training should be able to alleviate the contrary tendencies, provided we take into account the operations of writing.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
Richard Pleijel

Abstract This paper aims to bring research on different forms of group-level cognition into conversation with Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS), the focal point of the paper being cognitive processes in translation teams. It is argued that an analysis of cognition in translation teams, which exhibit the properties of a cognitive system, needs to be placed on group-level. A case study of a team, translating the Hebrew Bible Book of Psalms into Swedish in the 1980’s, is presented. The empirical base for the case study consists of archival material in the form of draft translations and paratexts. The methodological question is thus raised whether, and if so in what way, cognitive processes may be analyzed retrospectively, and not only from a real time perspective. By treating the archival material as cognitive artifacts which have constituted an integral part of the team’s cognitive process, the question is tentatively answered in a favourable way. This, it is finally argued, opens up interesting possibilities for joining CTS with translator archives research, Genetic Translation Studies (GTS), and cognitive archeology.


Author(s):  
Melissa L. Johnson ◽  
Laura Pasquini ◽  
Michelle R. Rodems

This case study, an honors first year seminar from the University of Florida, USA, demonstrates the benefits and challenges of these developments in education. The case expands the definition of formal, informal, and online learning communities in the context of a first year seminar.


1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. West ◽  
Patricia Byrd

Technical writing required of employees in business and industry has been investigated, but the writing demands on graduate students have not been systematically surveyed. To find out what kinds of writing are required of graduate engineering students, twenty-five engineering faculty members from the Engineering College at the University of Florida listed the kinds of writing assigned to graduate classes during the academic year 1979–80. Since the faculty members were asked to rank-order the writing kinds from most frequent to least frequent, the Friedman analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used to test for differences in the rank ordering. The tests showed that faculty assigned examinations, quantitative problems, and reports most frequently, that they assigned homework and papers (term and publication) less frequently, and that they assigned progress reports and proposals least frequently.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ismail Mohammed Noriey

This research paper investigates the significance of research in language education in the higher education sector. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a case study with twenty 4th year students studying English at the University of Human Development (UHD), Iraqi Kurdistan Region. They were selected based on purposive sampling. The participants were invited to respond to a questionnaire that was created and piloted by the researcher. They were also requested to take part in a structured interview. The findings show that the nature of research methods for 4th year students across higher education is complex and elusive. The findings also show that most of the students almost have the same problems and they have similar views on their final project as they started at the beginning of the final year of the academic year (2018-2019) at the University of Human Development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alice McIntosh

This research evaluates architectural responses to peacebuilding and modernization in Rwanda since the 1994 genocide. It proposes a collection of case studies and analyzes the effectiveness of architectural methods that respond to specific programs while maintaining a sensitivity to the political and cultural climate. It identifies the conceptual and practical logic behind design through the selection of local material, empowering unskilled workers, responding to the context, and establishing a positive relationship with members of the community. As an additional frame of reference, this research analyzes the design-build pedagogy at the University of Florida School of Architecture to understand practical implication in Rwanda. These projects collectively serve as a reference for proposing a small-scale design-build initiative with local Rwandan members of a pottery and dance cooperative in Gisenyi, Rwanda, where the University of Florida Arts in Medicine Program has identified a need for improving and building upon the existing facilities. 


Author(s):  
Faedur Rohman

مستخلص البحث:ينطلق هذا البحث من مشكلة التي يواجهها طلاب قسم تعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة محمدية تانجرانج، حيث صعوبتهم على ممارسة التعبير الشفهي. ويهدف هذا البحث لكشفها، ولوصف الخطة الاجرائية عما يتعلق بتدريس التعبير الشفهي بالطريقة الاتصالية وأثرها في ترقية كفاءة التعبير الشفهي لطلاب قسم تعليم اللغة العربية في جامعة محمدية تانجرانج. هذا البحث بحث نوعي، ويُخْتَصّ هذا البحث في دراسة حالة لأنها يُقَصّده الباحث لمعرفة المشكلة التي يواجهها الطلاب في التعبير الشفهي ومراحل تدريسه بالطريقة الاتصالية التي تجري في الفصل وأثرها شاملا وعامقا. وتشير نتيجة هذا البحث: الأول، أن المشكلة التي يواجهها الطلاب في تدريس التعبير الشفهي هي: أ). قلة التدريبات اللغوية الشفوهية، ب). قلة حفظ المفردات الموضوعية، ج). قلة التواصل بين الطلاب باللغة العربية، د). قلة اهتمام بالمواد المدروس، هـ) أن التعبير الشفهي الذي يمارسه الطلاب غير منتَظِم. الثاني، أن تدريس التعبير الشفهي بالطريقة الاتصالية على ثلاث مراحل إجرائية، وهي الخطة، والتنفيذ، والتقويم. والثالث، إن استخدام الطريقة الاتصالية فعال في ترقية كفاءة التعبير الشفهي.الكلمات المفتاحية: تدريس، التعبير الشفهي، الطريقة الإتصالية AbstrackThis research departs from the problems faced by the students of the Arabic Language Education Department of Muhammadiyah University in Tangerang in the ta'bir syafahi (verbal expression) practice. The purpose of this study was to reveal the problems faced by students in teaching ta'bir syafahi and also the procedures for using communicative methods in teaching ta'bir syafahi and their effectiveness in improving ta'bir syafahi competencies in Arabic Language Education students at Muhammadiyah University in Tangerang. This study uses a qualitative approach; and including the type of case study because researchers want to know deeply and comprehensively about the problem ta'bir syafahi experienced by students, the stages of teaching, and the impact of the application of communicative methods in ta'bir syafahi learning. The results of this study indicate that: First, the problems faced by students of the University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang in teaching ta'bir syafahi include: a). lack of oral language training, b). treasury of thematic mufradat is still minimal, c). the intensity of Arabic communication is still lacking, d). lack of attention to the material being taught, e). less systematic in conveying ideas. Second, the procedure for applying communicative methods in ta'bir syafahi includes three things, namely: a). Planning, b). Implementation, c). Evaluation. Third, the use of communicative methods is effective in improving the competency of ta'bir syafahi.Keywords: Communicative Method, Teaching, Ta'bir Syafahi  


Enfoques ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Yelixa Fernanada Abril Cruz ◽  
Nubia Yanneth Álvarez Vargas ◽  
Yolima Andrea Torres Solano

ResumenEn la educación superior se evidencian problemáticas como el bajo rendimiento académico según Tonconi, (2009), los factores que influyen en este fenómeno están enmarcados con la parte académica, económica y social además de los bajos niveles de motivación, inteligencia, hábitos, estrategias y estilos de aprendizaje, entre otros, razón por la cual se origina esta investigación, ya que la universidad de Boyacá no es ajena a esta situación, por lo tanto se pretende describir los procesos cognitivos atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes del programa de Medicina ya que este es uno de los que presenta mayor índice en prueba académica. Este estudio está conformado por 16 estudiantes del programa de Medicina los cuales se encuentran en prueba académica, donde el 41% son hombres y 59% mujeres, cursando semestres de primero a cuarto, siendo escogidos por medio de un muestreo estratificado con afijación proporcional, contando con una edad que oscila entre los 18 a 25 años. En los resultados se encontró que en el proceso cognitivo memoria declarativa el 81% de los estudiantes estaban en nivel bajo, lo que indica dificultades en la evocación de la información suministrada y aprendida a lo largo de su vida, con respecto a las funciones ejecutivas en alternancia el 63%, se encontraba en un nivel bajo, lo cual indica dificultad para flexibilizar el cambio de una operación mental a otra. Se concluye que los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Boyacá en prueba académica, son más propensos a presentar dificultades en la capacidad de evocar información a largo plazo y dirigir alguna de las situaciones de su entorno, sin embargo, presentan mayor capacidad para ejecutar actividades que le permitan la concentración frente a otros estímulos. Cognitive processes of attention, memory and role executive to medicine students in academic testAbstractHigher education show problems such as the poor academic performance to Tonconi (2009), the factors that influence this phenomenon are related to the academic, economic and social point, as well as low levels of motivation, intelligence, habits, strategies and learning ways among other reasons, that is the reason why this research is originated, since The University of Boyacá is not external to this situation, therefore It is intended to describe the cognitive processes like attention, memory an executive functions to the medicine program students because this one have a greater percentage on the academic test. This study is made up of 16 students of the medicine program; they are in academic test, in which 41% are men and 59% women. They are studying from first to fourth semesters, being chose by stratified sampling whit proportional affixing, with an age that oscillates between 18 to 25 years old. In the results was found that in the cognitive process like declarative memory 81% of the students were at low levels which indicates difficulties in the evocation of the supplied and learned information throughout their life; regarding the executive functions in alternation, 63% of the students were at low level, this result indicates difficulty for making flexible the change from one mental operation to another. It is concluded that medicine students of the University of Boyacá in the academic tests are more prone to show difficulties in the ability to remember information in a long term and direct any situation of their surroundings; however they are more able to perform activities that allow the concentration against facing other stimulus.  Processos cognitivos de atenção, memoria e funções executivas em estudantes do programa de medicinaResumoNa educação superior são evidentes as problemáticas de baixo rendimento académico. Segundo Tonconi (2009), os fatores que influenciam este fenômeno têm relação direta com aspectos académicos, económicos e sociais, e com baixos níveis de motivação, inteligência, hábitos, estratégias e estilos da aprendizagem. Pelo anterior e considerando que a Universidade de Boyacá não e alheia às problemáticas de baixo rendimento académico se origina esta pesquisa. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever os processos cognitivos de atenção, memoria e funções executivas em estudantes do programa de Medicina, um dos programas que apresenta major índice de alunos em período de prova. Este estudo está conformado por 16 estudantes do programa de Medicina, os quais se encontram em período de prova, sendo 41% homens e 59% mulheres, de primeiro até quarto semestre, escolhidos a partir de uma seleção estratificada proporcional, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos. Encontramos que no processo cognitivo de memória declarativa, um 81% dos estudantes estavam em nível baixo, o que indica dificuldades na evocação da informação subministrada e aprendida durante sua vida. Respeito às funções executivas de alternância, um 63% apresentou um nível baixo, o qual indica dificuldades para fazer mudanças de uma operação mental para outra. Pode-se concluir que os estudantes de Medicina da Universidade de Boyacá em período de prova apresentam maiores dificuldades na capacidade de evocar informação a longo prazo e de dirigir alguma das situações do entorno, não entanto, apresentam maior capacidade para executar atividades que lhes permitem melhorar a concentração frente a outros estímulos. 


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