Ego Functioning in Old Age: Early Adult Life Antecedents

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Kuypers
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Behavior

Do aspects of intelligence, health, socioeconomic status, personality, and family relations in young adulthood relate to adaptability in old age? Correlations are reported between three alternative measures of old age adaptability (coping, defense, and disorganization) and measures in five areas of status and behavior in young adulthood (representing a 40 year longitudinal analysis). Coping ability in old age is most associated with variations in intellectual capacity and socioeconomic status, especially for women. Ego disorganization in old age is most related to variations in socioeconomic status and family relations in young adulthood. The data suggest that adaptability in old age is associated with environments and behaviors early along the adult life course but that the strength of over-time connection varies according to the sex of the subject, the model of old age adaptability used, and the aspects of status and behavior considered in young adulthood.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status, birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy and adiposity in early adult life: an analysis using structural equation modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva ◽  
Ana Glória Godoi Vasconcelos ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Marco Antonio Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Early Adult Life

We describe here an example of structural equation modeling in epidemiology. The association between birth weight and adiposity in early adult life, adjusted for the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and socioeconomic status at birth, was evaluated. Data involving 2,063 adults from the 1978/1979 Ribeirão Preto cohort study were used. Adiposity was measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds (STSS). Models were submitted to maximum likelihood estimation, separately for men and women. Birth weight had a small and significant effect on adiposity in men (standardized coefficient, SC = 0.08) and women (SC = 0.09). Smoking during pregnancy did not influence adiposity in men (SC = 0.004), but its effect was marginally significant in women (SC = 0.07; P = 0.056). Socioeconomic status at birth had a small and positive effect on adiposity in men (SC = 0.08) and a moderate and negative effect in women (SC = -0.16). In this young adult population, BMI, WC and STSS used alone or in combination were valid estimators of body adiposity.

scholarly journals Aetiology of late-life depression

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Heterogeneous Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research

Depressive disorder has no single cause. Arguably, in old age it is a more heterogeneous condition than in earlier adult life, in both clinical presentation and causation. A broad distinction is often made between early- and late-onset depression in later life. The aetiology of these may differ and is currently the subject of new research.

scholarly journals Age-dependent effects of reduced mTor signalling on life expectancy through distinct physiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirre J P Simons ◽  
Laura Hartshorne ◽  
Suzan Trooster ◽  
Jessica Thomson ◽  
Marc Tatar
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Mtor Signalling

AbstractResearch on the mechanisms of ageing has identified ways via which lifespan can be extended in model organisms, increasing the potential for translation of these findings to our own species. However, the large majority of research on animal models involves dietary, genetic or pharmacological treatments throughout life – limiting translational potential and ignoring age-dependent effects. Previously, we have suggested using demographic meta-analysis that reduced mTor signalling has the potential to instantly rejuvenate. We have now tested this prediction experimentally using large-scale demographic data (N > 10,000) combined with conditional knockdown of mTor in Drosophila melanogaster. Indeed, reduced mTor decreased mortality rate when applied during old age. Interestingly, we found that transient treatment during early adult life had long-lasting benefits. Age-dependent deep-RNAseq indicated that these effects arose from distinct physiology and implicate alternative splicing as a potential mechanism for the long-lasting benefits of transient mTor reduction. These findings suggest that reducing mTor short term or during old age could be used to combat ageing. In addition, our findings suggest that the results from experimental research on mTor signalling, and potentially other mechanisms of ageing, that employ life-long interventions are likely to be a complex composite of age-dependent effects that counteract or enhance each other.

scholarly journals Echoes of the Heart: Henry James’s Evocation of Edgar Allan Poe in “The Aspern Papers”

Humanities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Leonardo Buonomo
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
First Person ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Human Being ◽  
And Behavior

This essay re-examines Henry James’s complex relationship with Edgar Allan Poe by focusing on the echoes of one of Poe’s most celebrated tales, “The Tell-Tale Heart” (1843), that later reverberate in James’s “The Aspern Papers” (1888). It highlights the similarities, both in mindset and behavior, between the two stories’ devious and deranged first-person narrators, whose actions result in the death of a fellow human being. It further discusses the narrators’ fear and refusal of their own mortality, which finds expression in their hostility, and barely contained revulsion against a man (in “The Tell-Tale Heart”) and a woman (in “The Aspern Papers”), whose principal defining traits are old age and physical decay.

scholarly journals PINK1 deficiency impairs adult neurogenesis of dopaminergic neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Brown ◽  
Ibrahim Boussaad ◽  
Javier Jarazo ◽  
Julia C. Fitzgerald ◽  
Paul Antony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Early Adult Life

AbstractRecent evidence suggests neurogenesis is on-going throughout life but the relevance of these findings for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) is poorly understood. Biallelic PINK1 mutations cause early onset, Mendelian inherited PD. We studied the effect of PINK1 deficiency on adult neurogenesis of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in two complementary model systems. Zebrafish are a widely-used model to study neurogenesis in development and through adulthood. Using EdU analyses and lineage-tracing studies, we first demonstrate that a subset of ascending DA neurons and adjacent local-projecting DA neurons are each generated into adulthood in wild type zebrafish at a rate that decreases with age. Pink1-deficiency impedes DA neurogenesis in these populations, most significantly in early adult life. Pink1 already exerts an early effect on Th1+ progenitor cells rather than on differentiated DA neurons only. In addition, we investigate the effect of PINK1 deficiency in a human isogenic organoid model. Global neuronal differentiation in PINK1-deficient organoids and isogenic controls is similar, but PINK1-deficient organoids display impeded DA neurogenesis. The observation of impaired adult dopaminergic neurogenesis in Pink1 deficiency in two complementing model systems may have significant consequences for future therapeutic approaches in human PD patients with biallelic PINK1 mutations.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy for people living with dementia in a day care centers in Taiwan

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 924-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
HuiChen (Rita) Chang ◽  
Hui-Wen Chien
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Reminiscence Therapy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
Group Reminiscence

Objective To explore as a pilot study the effects of group reminiscence therapy upon depression of people living with dementia within dementia-specific day care centers. Method A unique pre-test-post-test, quasi-experimental design counterbalanced with a qualitative grounded theory video analysis of facial expression and behavior was used to measure the effects of group reminiscence therapy. The study recruited 21 participants in total from two dementia-specific day care centers. Results The findings highlighted improvements in depression, communication, and positive mood after group reminiscence intervention. The results also showed that participants scored higher on average during the Chinese New Year and marriage reminiscence activities compared to the other activities, revealing the subject matters extraordinarily significance. Conclusion This study provides evidence supporting the proposition that undertaking a cultural focus reminiscence therapy may produce significant psychosocial improvements for a person with dementia.

The constancy of parent-offspring similarity of total cholesterol throughout childhood and early adult life

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Greenberg ◽  
Philip P. Green ◽  
Katherine J. Roggenkamp ◽  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor ◽  
Herman A. Tyroler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Early Adult Life

Tethered-flight and Age-related Reproductive Performance of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and H. armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tethered Flight ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Adult Lives ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Adult Food

Flight capacity of female and male moths was age dependent in both H. punctigera and H. armigera using a tethered-flight technique. In H. punctigera, flight capacity increased from the first night following emergence up to Night 4, and was maintained at least until Night 10. In H. armigera, a peak in flight capacity occurred on Night 4, followed by a decline with increasing age. Long-flying moths (> 5 h duration) were evident in both species from the night following emergence. Attainment of reproductive maturity was rapid in both species, with 91% of H. punctigera and 77% of H. armigera ovipositing by Night 3. Hence, the increase in flight capacity recorded for both species during early adult life is coincident with the onset of reproductive activity. Both species retain the capacity for extensive inter-crop and inter-regional movement throughout most of the reproductive phase of their adult lives. Neither successful mating or the absence of adult food sources influenced flight capacity during early adult life.

Self-Esteem and Socioeconomic Status: A Meta-Analytic Review

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Twenge ◽  
W. Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Social Indicator ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Over Time

Socioeconomic status (SES) has a small but significantrelationship with self-esteem (d = .15, r = .08) in a meta-analysis of 446 samples (total participant N = 312,940). Higher SES individuals report higher self-esteem. The effect size is very small in young children, increases substantially during young adulthood, continues higher until middle age, and is then smaller for adults over the age of 60. Gender interacts with birth cohort: The effect size increased over time for women but decreased over time for men. Asians and Asian Americans show a higher effect size, and occupation and education produce higher correlations with self-esteem than income does. The results are most consistent with a social indicator or salience model.

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