Personality, Longevity, and Successful Aging among Tokyo Metropolitan Centenarians

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Shimonaka ◽  
Katsuharu Nakazato ◽  
Akira Homma
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Type A ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Type B ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area

The purpose of our study was to examine two hypotheses: 1) that androgyny and Type B behavior are related to longevity; and 2) that personality characteristics associated with longevity may also be related to successful aging. Participants were eighty-two centenarians (37 men and 45 women) who were compared with 605 elderly in their sixties, seventies, and eighties. Both groups were living in the Tokyo metropolitan area. We used the Bem Sex Role Inventory and Bortner Pattern A Behavior Scales to measure personality, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Cattell Anxiety Scale to measure successful aging. We found that androgyny was not more prominent among centenarians than masculinity, femininity, or undifferentiated. In fact, more femininity was observed. Additionally, we found that more women were classified as feminine than were men. The results indicated more Type B's among centenarians than among those in their sixties and more women than men showed Type B behavior. Our hypothesis that Type B behavior is related to longevity was supported. We observed lower self-esteem for femininity than for either the masculinity or androgyny. We also observed that anxiety was lower for femininity than masculinity but higher than androgyny among women. Type B women showed lower self-esteem than Type A women. Type B men showed lower anxiety than Type A men. We conclude that femininity is related to longevity and that androgyny may be related to successful aging. Further, we suggest that Type B behavior is associated with longevity, but its relationship to successful aging differs between men and women.

An Examination of the Current Usefulness of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Report Measure

In the present study, an ethnically diverse convenience sample ( N = 182; 62% female) of working adults (56%) and college students ( M age = 30.9 yr., SD = 12.8, range = 18 to 71) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory which is a widely used self-report measure of perceptions of gender roles. Based on their scores, individuals' sex roles can be categorized as Masculine or Feminine (sex-typed) or Androgynous. The results of this study suggest that, almost 30 years after it was first developed, the categories can still be used to categorize men and women of varying ages.

THE ANGRY MALE AND THE PASSIVE FEMALE: THE ROLE OF GENDER AND SELF-ESTEEM IN ANGER EXPRESSION

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana S. Nunn ◽  
Susan L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
And Gender

To study the role of self-esteem and gender in anger expression, participants, who were screened for high or low self-esteem, were angered by a confederate. Participants were then given the opportunity to express their anger by administering blasts of white noise to a confederate. Men with low self-esteem exhibited anger-out anger reactions by administering the loudest blasts of white noise, while women with low self-esteem exhibited anger-in anger responses by administering the softest blasts of white noise. High self-esteem men and women did not differ in their anger responses. These findings support the hypothesis that low self-esteem men and women rely upon socialized sex-role stereotypes when responding to anger. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of their impact on therapy for maladaptive anger responses.

The Attitudes of Men and Women concerning Gender Differences in Grief

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Versalle ◽  
Eugene E. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Role Socialization ◽  
Sex Role Socialization ◽  
Female Target

Attitudes concerning gender and grief were investigated using a convenience sample of 106 men and women ages 23 to 82 years. Participants rated conjugal grief behaviors of target figures for sympathy and appropriateness on the Attitudes Toward Gender and Grief Scale, rated their own sex-role type on the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and provided demographic information and a brief grief history. Results from factor analysis of the Attitudes Toward Gender and Grief Scale showed evidence for the construct validity of the scale by yielding three factors: sympathy, appropriateness of instrumental grief, and appropriateness of intuitive grief. The hypothesis that factor analysis of the Attitudes Toward Gender and Grief Scale would show that vignettes describing gender-stereotypical grief behavior would load positively on factors for sympathy and appropriateness was not confirmed. However, the hypothesis that female participants would give more sympathy to grieving people than males was confirmed. Contrary to expectation, participants did not give female target figures more sympathy than male figures; women did not give the most sympathy to female target figures; and men did not give male target figures the least sympathy. As hypothesized, feminine sex-typed and androgynous participants gave more sympathy to grieving people than masculine sex-typed participants. Findings were discussed in terms of evolutionary, developmental, and sex-role socialization theories.

Gender and the Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-379
Author(s):  
David Bunker ◽  
James Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk

In this paper the authors explain how they investigated the issue of gender and the media in the UK, looking at how the audience feels about both the amount of coverage of men and women and their views on the quality and character of portrayal on TV, radio and online. As well as exploring the methodological challenges in researching the subject, they also discuss how they used the Bem Sex Role Inventory to explore whether where the audience sits on a spectrum of masculinity/femininity helps to explain their consumption and appreciation of the television they consume.

Sex-role identification and self-esteem in college students: Do men and women differ?

Sex Roles ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B. Stericker ◽  
James E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Role Identification

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory Reexamined

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Sassenrath ◽  
George D. Yonge
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Femininity Scale

533 women and 361 men undergraduates were administered the 20-item masculine and the 20-item feminine scales of the Bern Sex-role Inventory. Factor analyses of the 40 items produced for both men and women 6 interpretable factors: nurturance, dominance, autonomy, bipolar M-F, competition, and leadership. Thus the inventory appears to be very complex. Nevertheless, multiple correlations ( R) of the 40 items with the total masculinity and femininity scores separately produced an R = .75 for the masculinity scale and R = .86 for the femininity scale. Most of the items with significant contributions to each of the scales were consistent with the original scoring used by Bem.

scholarly journals Influence of Type A and Type B Personality on Academic Achievement of University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Aabida Aabida ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Dahar ◽  
Muhammad Imran Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Type A ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type A Personality

Several factors directly or indirectly influence academic achievement of students. There is immense variation in students’ academic achievement due to individual differences. Therefore, every individual has different personality characteristics that influence life, especially students’ academic achievement. Thus, the current study investigates the influence of personality types A and B on academic achievement of university students. This study presents a descriptive design. Furthermore, a random sampling technique was used for the sample selection. The Anjum-Khalique Scale and students’ GPAs were utilized as research tools. Correlation, regression and t-test were employed for data analysis. Findings exposed that personality types A and B have overall significant impact on academic achievement of students. Significant academic achievement difference was found between male and female students of type B personality unlike type A personality. It is recommended that deficiencies in personalities may be taken into consideration by teachers, administrators, educators, curriculum developers and policymakers for improvement in academic achievement.

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