Sex-role identification and self-esteem in college students: Do men and women differ?

Sex Roles ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne B. Stericker ◽  
James E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Role Identification

Come-ons and Put-offs: Unmarried Students' Strategies for Having and Avoiding Sexual Intercourse

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Encounters

One-hundred and twenty male and 109 female unmarried college students participated in a questionnaire study of actual and expected male-female differences in the use of 10 strategies for having and avoiding sexual intercourse. As predicted, both men and women viewed strategies for having sex as used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex as used predominantly by females. However, sex-role attitudes were unrelated to students' expectations of sexual encounters. Both traditional and profeminist students expected that strategies for having sex would be used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex would be used predominantly by females. It appeared that students still stereotyped having sex as a male goal and avoiding sex as a female goal. Men and women were unexpectedly similar in their personal strategies for influencing a sexual encounter. Both men and women reported using more indirect strategies to have sex and more direct strategies to avoid having sex. These findings suggest that when men and women share the same goals (such as having or avoiding sex), expected differences between male and female influencing agents disappear

An Examination of the Current Usefulness of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Report Measure

In the present study, an ethnically diverse convenience sample ( N = 182; 62% female) of working adults (56%) and college students ( M age = 30.9 yr., SD = 12.8, range = 18 to 71) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory which is a widely used self-report measure of perceptions of gender roles. Based on their scores, individuals' sex roles can be categorized as Masculine or Feminine (sex-typed) or Androgynous. The results of this study suggest that, almost 30 years after it was first developed, the categories can still be used to categorize men and women of varying ages.

THE ANGRY MALE AND THE PASSIVE FEMALE: THE ROLE OF GENDER AND SELF-ESTEEM IN ANGER EXPRESSION

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana S. Nunn ◽  
Susan L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
And Gender

To study the role of self-esteem and gender in anger expression, participants, who were screened for high or low self-esteem, were angered by a confederate. Participants were then given the opportunity to express their anger by administering blasts of white noise to a confederate. Men with low self-esteem exhibited anger-out anger reactions by administering the loudest blasts of white noise, while women with low self-esteem exhibited anger-in anger responses by administering the softest blasts of white noise. High self-esteem men and women did not differ in their anger responses. These findings support the hypothesis that low self-esteem men and women rely upon socialized sex-role stereotypes when responding to anger. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of their impact on therapy for maladaptive anger responses.

Gender and Sex-Role Differences in Young Adult Reactions towards “Newborns” in a Pretend Situation

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Demarest ◽  
Filitsa Glinos
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Newborn Baby ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Baby Doll

104 college students were asked to fill out a questionnaire on sex-role orientation, act out a scene as a parent with a newborn baby (doll), rate their attitudes toward the baby using a semantic differential scale of 19 adjective pairs, and write an open-ended statement about the baby's future. Analysis indicated few differences in how men and women reacted to or described boy and girl babies and most of the variability in scores could be accounted for by interactions involving sex-role orientation. Sex-stereotyped women typically gave ratings similar to those given by androgynous women while sex-stereotyped men, when they differed from androgynous men, generally gave less positive ratings.

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A North-South Comparison

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Segal ◽  
Shanna Richman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
New York ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Role Identification ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
The University

The Bem Sex-role Inventory was administered to 100 male and 100 female students in introductory psychology at the University of Georgia and at Adelphi University in New York. It was hypothesized that the latter would be more androgynous than the former, but in fact, there was no association between geographic locale and sex-role identification. Findings reported by Bem for a 1975 sample of Stanford undergraduates are similar to current results, suggesting that college students in the Northeast, Southeast and West do not differ with regard to sex-role identification.

Sex-Related Values and Attitudes of College Students: A Sexism Scale vs the Semantic Differential

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin D. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexist Attitudes

To measure sexist attitudes, 50 men and 50 women completed two instruments One was a nondisguised type—the Rombough-Ventimiglia Sexism Scale; the other disguised—the semantic differential with ratings on sex-role concepts. On the basis of scores on the Rombough-Ventimiglia Scale, men were divided into High (traditional) and Low (emancipated) scoring groups. The same procedure was followed for women's scores. As expected the Rombough-Ventimiglia scales showed significant differences between High and Low attitude groups and also between men and women. However, the semantic differential comparisons between High and Low scoring groups for men show significant differences on only three of the 36 concepts rated; women's scores show 10 significant differences. Comparisons between men and women on the semantic differential show significant differences on 20 concepts. The results can be interpreted as indicating that men may introduce a certain element of distortion in responding to conventional sexism scales.

Negative Androgyny and Self-Esteem: Towards a Confound-Free Scale

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Autor ◽  
Karen L. Suyemoto ◽  
David W. Harder
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Female College ◽  
Gender Association ◽  
Strong Relationships

To assess the effects of negatively valued items on the concept of androgyny and its relationship with self-esteem, negative items were constructed to parallel the positively valued masculine and feminine items in the Bern Sex-role Inventory and validated for equivalent gender association. These items were added to the original positive items and the revised scale was administered with a self-derogation scale to 27 male and 26 female college students. Analysis showed strong relationships between self-derogation and negative traits for men and weaker, but expected relationships between self-derogation and negative traits for women. Bern's “undifferentiated” category of respondents, those individuals who endorsed few masculine and feminine traits, were redistributed when negative items were added to the scale. The authors conclude that individuals may exist who are androgynous in that they endorse both masculine and feminine traits but who were formerly classed as undifferentiated because low self-esteem restricted them from endorsing positive items. Implications for further research and redefining the concept of androgyny, especially as it applies to undifferentiated individuals, are discussed.

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