scholarly journals Energy Storage and Installed Wind Capacity Requirements for the Substitution of Fossil Fuels in the Electricity Generation Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Efstathios E. Michaelides ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Capacity ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

The impending adverse effects of Global Climate Change encourages the substitution of fossil fuels with non-carbon sources for electricity generation. However, while fossil fuel power plants may generate electric power at demand, the most abundant renewable energy sources–wind and solar–are intermittent or periodically variable. This necessitates the development of adequate energy storage at the utility/grid level. Using actual data for the hourly energy demand in the ERCOT electricity grid, this study examines the electricity supply-demand equilibrium and determines the necessary energy storage capacity for the substitution, first, of the coal power plants and, secondly, of all the fossil fuel power plants. The calculations show that, if the natural gas, intermediate-load power plants continue to be available, all coal units may be substituted with wind farms without the need for energy storage. When all the fossil fuel units are to be substituted, significant energy storage capacity is required, approximately 45.3 million m3. The calculations also show that the further development of nuclear energy and additional solar energy units reduce the requirements for energy storage and, also lessen the energy dissipation in the storage-recovery process.

A comparison of the geological potential for methane, hydrogen and compressed air energy storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdovsi Gasanzade ◽  
Sebastian Bauer ◽  
Wolf Tilmann Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Energy Storage Capacity ◽  
Potential Trap ◽  
Storage Technologies

<p>Energy transition from conventional to renewable energy sources requires large energy storage capacities to balance energy demand and production, due to the fluctuating weather-dependent nature of renewable energy sources like wind or solar power. Subsurface energy storage in porous media may provide the required large storage capacities. Available storage technologies include gas storage of hydrogen, synthetic methane or compressed air. Determination of the spatial dimensions of potential geological storage structures is required, in order to estimate the achievable local storage potential. This study, therefore, investigates the energy storage potential for the three storage technologies using a part of the North German Basin as study region.</p><p>For this study, a geological model of the geological subsurface, including the main storage and cap rock horizons present, was constructed and consistently parameterized using available data from the field site. Using spill point analysis potential trap closures were identified, also considering existing fault systems and salt structures for volumetric assessment. Volumetric assessment was performed for each storage site for methane, hydrogen and compressed air, as storage gases and their gas in place volumes were calculated. The effects of uncertainty of the geological parameters were quantified accounting for porosity, permeability and the maximum gas saturation using regional petrophysical models. The total regional energy storage capacity potential was estimated for methane and hydrogen, based on their lower heating values, while an exergy analysis of methane, hydrogen and compressed air was used to compare all available storage technologies. In addition to the storage capacity, also deliverability performance under pseudo-steady state flow condition was estimated for all sites and storage gases.</p><p>The results show significant gas in place volumes of about 2350 bcm for methane, 2080 bcm for hydrogen and 2100 bcm for compressed air as a regional gas storage capacity. This capacity is distributed within three storage formations and a total of 74 potential trap structures. Storage sites are distributed rather evenly over depth, with shallow sites at about 400 - 500 m and deep sites reaching depths of about 4000 m. The exergy analysis shows that hydrogen and methane storage technologies have high exergy values of about 15.9 kWh and 8.5 kWh per m<sup>³</sup>, due to the high chemical part of the exergy, while for compressed air energy storage only the physical part is used during storage and the corresponding value is thus reduced to 6.1 kWh. The total energy storage capacity thus identified of about 32000 TWh of methane and 8400 TWh of hydrogen, with a low estimate of 23000 TWh and 6100 TWh accounting for uncertainty of geological parameters. Thus, the potential is much larger than predicted required capacities, showing that the subsurface storage technologies have a significant potential to mitigate offsets between energy demand and renewable production in a sustainable and renewable future energy system.</p>

Energy storage needs for the substitution of fossil fuel power plants with renewables

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 951-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Leonard ◽  
Efstathios E. Michaelides ◽  
Dimitrios N. Michaelides
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

A New Method for Designing the Size of Energy-Storage Capacity in Grid-Connected Wind Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3428-3433
Author(s):  
Shen Hang Yu ◽  
Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Energy Storage Capacity

Wind power is one of the cleanest and safest of all the renewable commercial methods of generating electricity. However, wind energy is difficult to use due to its stochastic variability. Energy storage can overcome the main drawback, allowing energy production to match energy demand. In this paper a new method is proposed to determine the Energy-storage Capacity in Grid-connected Wind Farm. Based on characteristic function of wind power output in wind farm, the method designs the minimum required storage capacity of the wind farm and realizes the stable output and the scheduling of wind farm. The results of this paper demonstrate the leading role of a well-optimized design for technical and economic viability of such systems.

scholarly journals Modelling and Environmental Assessment of a Stand-Alone Micro-Grid System in a Mountain Hut Using Renewables

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Mitja Mori ◽  
Manuel Gutiérrez ◽  
Mihael Sekavčnik ◽  
Boštjan Drobnič
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Micro Grid

Mountain huts are stand-alone micro-grid systems that are not connected to a power grid. However, they impact the environment by generating electricity and through day-to-day operations. The installed generator needs to be flexible to cover fluctuations in the energy demand. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources presents a challenge when it comes to balancing electricity generation and consumption. This paper presents an integration-and-optimization process for renewable energy sources in a mountain hut’s electricity generation system combined with a lifecycle assessment. A custom computational model was developed, validated with experimental data and integrated into a TRNSYS model. Five different electricity generation topologies were modelled to find the best configuration that matches the dynamics and meets the cumulative electricity demand. A lifecycle assessment methodology was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of all the topologies for one typical operating year. The carbon footprint could be reduced by 34% in the case of the actually implemented system upgrade, and by up to 47% in the case of 100% renewable electricity generation. An investment cost analysis shows that improving the battery charging strategy has a minor effect on the payback time, but it can significantly reduce the environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Coal deposits of Turkey: properties and importance on energy demand

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Oskay ◽  
H. Inaner ◽  
A. I. Karayigit ◽  
K. Christanis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
Low Rank Coals

In the last two decades electricity generation and consumption in Turkey was increasing steadily. Around 80% of the electricity generated is derived from fossil fuels such as imported natural gas and oil, and domestic coal. As the energy policy now is focusing on reducing the dependency on imported fuels, coal, particularly this of low-rank, is becoming important for the country. Latest explorations showed that total coal reserves of Turkey reach to 13 Gt with low-rank coals (i.e. lignite and sub-bituminous) being dominant. Coal deposits, formed under various conditions and in various geological times, are widely spread over the territory. The most significant deposits are of Tertiary, especially Neogene age. Neogene coals are most appropriate for combustion in the thermal power plants due to the high total reserves despite the high ash yields and the low calorific values. We imply that applying reasonable exploitation planning and appropriate washing techniques, coal will play a key role in future energy supply of the country.

scholarly journals Consumers' influence in sustainable decarbonisation of future power system

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 13-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir Šiljkut
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Variable Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants ◽  
Power System Flexibility

Environmental protection and sustainable development cause a qualitative shift towards cleaner technologies in the field of electrical power. Countries with fossil fuel-based electricity generation have a questionable energy future regarding the independence and security of their end-users' supply. Therefore, it is necessary to explore all possible options for future development, taking into account the synergistic potential of other energy sources in electricity deficit compensation. That need will arise after the shutdown of fossil fuel power plants. It is necessary to mutually synchronize the development and application of different energy sources. For example, the large share of renewable energy sources with highly variable generation, without the presence of significant energy storage capacities or other sources that could compensate for these rapid power fluctuations, causes problems in energy balancing and disrupts power system flexibility and stability. Among the supporting pillars of a secure and decarbonised power system, special attention will be paid to the possible role and contribution of consumers; increasing their energy efficiency, using the heat capacity of buildings, demand response and direct demand side management.

scholarly journals Air Pollutant Emission Abatement of the Fossil-Fuel Power Plants by Multiple Control Strategies in Taiwan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5716
Author(s):  
Jiun-Horng Tsai ◽  
Shih-Hsien Chen ◽  
Shen-Fong Chen ◽  
Hung-Lung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

This study is an investigation of air pollutant emission abatement in the electricity generation sector from fossil-fuel power plants in Taiwan in 2014 and 2018. PM concentrations are determined by the results of regular tests, while SOx and NOx are determined by continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) of flue gas from power plants. The results indicate that electricity generation from fossil-fuel power plants increased by 13.8% from 2014 to 2018. However, emissions of air pollutants from fossil-fuel power plants declined during this period. The results indicate that the annual emissions of SOx, NOx, and PM were 40,826, 59,196, and 5363 tons per year (TPY), respectively, in 2014. The emissions decreased to 30,097 TPY (28% reduction) for SOx, 48,530 TPY (18% reduction) for NOx, and 4496 TPY (16% reduction) for PM in 2018. The ensemble mean values of each air pollutant emission factor also decreased significantly. SOx emissions decreased from 0.2443 to 0.1583 mg/kWh (35% reduction). NOx emissions decreased from 0.3542 to 0.2552 g/kWh (28% reduction). PM emissions decreased from 0.0321 to 0.0236 mg/kWh (26.5% reduction). The results indicated that phasing out of high-pollutant generating units and switching the fuel from coal to natural gas could abate the emissions of SOx and PM, and NOx emissions could be abated by introducing control devices. In addition, new power generation sectors will be constructed and equipped with ultra-low emission control systems to reduce air pollution and create a cleaner and healthier electricity generation system in Taiwan.

scholarly journals CO2 CONTENT OF GREEK LIGNITE: THE CASE OF PROASTIO LIGNITE DEPOSIT IN PTOLEMAIS BASIN, NORTHERN GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Α. Metaxas ◽  
Α.Ν. Georgakopoulos ◽  
D.Μ.Μ. Karageorgiou ◽  
G. Papanikolaou ◽  
E.D. Karageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Northern Greece

Lignite is an important energy source for Greece, which severely relies on this fossil fuel for electricity generation over the years. The lignite combustion, however, releases a significant amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere per unit of energy generated, more than does the combustion of other fossil fuels. On the other hand, there is a growing concern over the possible consequences of global warming due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (a major greenhouse gas). Additionally, there is also a need for accurate estimates of carbon dioxide emissions. There are many factors resulting in the increase of CO2 content in lignite such as their formation and depositional environment, the possible presence of fossils, and their rank. In the present paper the CO2 content of the Proastio lignite deposit, Ptolemais Basin, is studied, in relation to the depositional palaeo-environment. An interpretation of CO2 variation with depth, age and surrounding rocks is also attempted. CO2 content of Proastio deposit is compared with this of other lignite deposits in the Ptolemais Basin, of various types and ages. Finally, the effect of CO2 content in the combustion of lignite is studied, while the possibility of the geological storage of the emitted carbon dioxide is explored after its capture from the Thermal Power Plants (CCS technology).

Solid oxide electrolysis: Concluding remarks

2015 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areum Jun ◽  
Young-Wan Ju ◽  
Guntae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Energy Storage Capacity ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis

Renewable energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower or geothermal energy have attracted significant attention in recent years. Renewable energy sources have to match supply with demand, therefore it is essential that energy storage devices (e.g., secondary batteries) are developed. However, secondary batteries are accompanied with critical problems such as high cost for the limited energy storage capacity and loss of charge over time. Energy storage in the form of chemical species, such as H2 or CO2, have no constraints on energy storage capacity and will also be essential. When plentiful renewable energy exists, for example, it could be used to convert H2O into hydrogen via water electrolysis. Also, renewable energy resources could be used to reduce CO2 into CO and recycle CO2 and H2O into sustainable hydrocarbon fuels in solid oxide electrolysis (SOE).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document