scholarly journals Wrist-Worn Wearables for Monitoring Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure While Sitting or Performing Light-to-Vigorous Physical Activity: Validation Study

10.2196/16716 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e16716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Düking ◽  
Laura Giessing ◽  
Marie Ottilie Frenkel ◽  
Karsten Koehler ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Common Criterion

Background Physical activity reduces the incidences of noncommunicable diseases, obesity, and mortality, but an inactive lifestyle is becoming increasingly common. Innovative approaches to monitor and promote physical activity are warranted. While individual monitoring of physical activity aids in the design of effective interventions to enhance physical activity, a basic prerequisite is that the monitoring devices exhibit high validity. Objective Our goal was to assess the validity of monitoring heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while sitting or performing light-to-vigorous physical activity with 4 popular wrist-worn wearables (Apple Watch Series 4, Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa). Methods While wearing the 4 different wearables, 25 individuals performed 5 minutes each of sitting, walking, and running at different velocities (ie, 1.1 m/s, 1.9 m/s, 2.7 m/s, 3.6 m/s, and 4.1 m/s), as well as intermittent sprints. HR and EE were compared to common criterion measures: Polar-H7 chest belt for HR and indirect calorimetry for EE. Results While monitoring HR at different exercise intensities, the standardized typical errors of the estimates were 0.09-0.62, 0.13-0.88, 0.62-1.24, and 0.47-1.94 for the Apple Watch Series 4, Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa, respectively. Depending on exercise intensity, the corresponding coefficients of variation were 0.9%-4.3%, 2.2%-6.7%, 2.9%-9.2%, and 4.1%-19.1%, respectively, for the 4 wearables. While monitoring EE at different exercise intensities, the standardized typical errors of the estimates were 0.34-1.84, 0.32-1.33, 0.46-4.86, and 0.41-1.65 for the Apple Watch Series 4, Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa, respectively. Depending on exercise intensity, the corresponding coefficients of variation were 13.5%-27.1%, 16.3%-28.0%, 15.9%-34.5%, and 8.0%-32.3%, respectively. Conclusions The Apple Watch Series 4 provides the highest validity (ie, smallest error rates) when measuring HR while sitting or performing light-to-vigorous physical activity, followed by the Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa, in that order. The Apple Watch Series 4 and Polar Vantage V are suitable for valid HR measurements at the intensities tested, but HR data provided by the Garmin Fenix 5 and Fitbit Versa should be interpreted with caution due to higher error rates at certain intensities. None of the 4 wrist-worn wearables should be employed to monitor EE at the intensities and durations tested.

scholarly journals Wrist-Worn Wearables for Monitoring Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure While Sitting or Performing Light-to-Vigorous Physical Activity: Validation Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Düking ◽  
Laura Giessing ◽  
Marie Ottilie Frenkel ◽  
Karsten Koehler ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Common Criterion

BACKGROUND Physical activity reduces the incidences of noncommunicable diseases, obesity, and mortality, but an inactive lifestyle is becoming increasingly common. Innovative approaches to monitor and promote physical activity are warranted. While individual monitoring of physical activity aids in the design of effective interventions to enhance physical activity, a basic prerequisite is that the monitoring devices exhibit high validity. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess the validity of monitoring heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while sitting or performing light-to-vigorous physical activity with 4 popular wrist-worn wearables (Apple Watch Series 4, Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa). METHODS While wearing the 4 different wearables, 25 individuals performed 5 minutes each of sitting, walking, and running at different velocities (ie, 1.1 m/s, 1.9 m/s, 2.7 m/s, 3.6 m/s, and 4.1 m/s), as well as intermittent sprints. HR and EE were compared to common criterion measures: Polar-H7 chest belt for HR and indirect calorimetry for EE. RESULTS While monitoring HR at different exercise intensities, the standardized typical errors of the estimates were 0.09-0.62, 0.13-0.88, 0.62-1.24, and 0.47-1.94 for the Apple Watch Series 4, Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa, respectively. Depending on exercise intensity, the corresponding coefficients of variation were 0.9%-4.3%, 2.2%-6.7%, 2.9%-9.2%, and 4.1%-19.1%, respectively, for the 4 wearables. While monitoring EE at different exercise intensities, the standardized typical errors of the estimates were 0.34-1.84, 0.32-1.33, 0.46-4.86, and 0.41-1.65 for the Apple Watch Series 4, Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa, respectively. Depending on exercise intensity, the corresponding coefficients of variation were 13.5%-27.1%, 16.3%-28.0%, 15.9%-34.5%, and 8.0%-32.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Apple Watch Series 4 provides the highest validity (ie, smallest error rates) when measuring HR while sitting or performing light-to-vigorous physical activity, followed by the Polar Vantage V, Garmin Fenix 5, and Fitbit Versa, in that order. The Apple Watch Series 4 and Polar Vantage V are suitable for valid HR measurements at the intensities tested, but HR data provided by the Garmin Fenix 5 and Fitbit Versa should be interpreted with caution due to higher error rates at certain intensities. None of the 4 wrist-worn wearables should be employed to monitor EE at the intensities and durations tested.

Polar Vantage and Oura physical activity and sleep trackers: A validation and comparison study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henriksen ◽  
Frode Svartdal ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Gunnar Hartvigsen ◽  
Laila Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Activity Trackers

BACKGROUND Consumer-based activity trackers are increasingly used in research as they have potential to increase activity participation and can be used for estimating physical activity. However, the accuracy of newer consumer-based devices is mostly unknown, and validation studies are needed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the accuracy of the Polar Vantage watch and Oura ring activity trackers for measuring physical activity, total energy expenditure, resting heart rate, and sleep duration, in free-living adults. METHODS Twenty-one participants wore two consumer-based activity trackers (Polar, Oura), an ActiGraph accelerometer, an Actiheart accelerometer and heart rate monitor, and completed a sleep diary for up to seven days. We assessed Polar and Oura validity and comparability for physical activity, total energy expenditure, resting heart rate (Oura), and sleep duration. We analysed repeated measures correlation, Bland-Altman plots, and mean absolute percentage error. RESULTS Polar and Oura were both strongly correlated (p<0.001) with ActiGraph for steps (Polar r 0.75, 95% CI 0.54-0.92. Oura r 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.87), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (Polar r 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.88. Oura r 0.70, 95% CI 0.49-0.82), and total energy expenditure (Polar r 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-0.88. Oura r 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.83) and strongly or very strongly correlated (p<0.001) with the sleep diary for sleep duration (Polar r 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.88. Oura r 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-0.91). Oura had a very strong correlation (p<0.001) with Actiheart for resting heart rate (r 0.9, 95% CI 0.85-0.96). However, all confidence interval ranges were wide and mean absolute percentage error was high for all variables, except Oura sleep duration (10%) and resting heart rate (3%) where Oura under-reported on average one beat per minute. CONCLUSIONS Oura can potentially be used as an alternative to Actiheart to measure resting heart rate. For sleep duration, Polar and Oura can potentially be used as a replacement for a manual sleep diary, depending on acceptable error. Neither Polar nor Oura can replace ActiGraph for measuring steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and total energy expenditure, but may be used as an additional source of physical activity in some settings.

scholarly journals The physiological effects of a low-impact Bodyattack™ class

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Dias ◽  
Xavier Melo ◽  
Margarida Carrolo ◽  
Nuno Pimenta ◽  
Helena Santa-Clara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Sensing Technology

Objective: To estimate total energy expenditure and intensity of a low impact BodyattackTM session using combined heart rate and movement sensing technology. Method: Participants were 10 (8 males) normal-weight adults (33 ± 3 years-old). Maximal oxygen capacity and heart rate were determined by the performance on a treadmill maximal exercise test using indirect calorimetric method. Heart rate and energy expenditure values were monitored during a Bodyattack™ routine using a combined heart rate and movement sensor. The manufacturer's combined activity and heart rate algorithm was used to estimate Total and Physical activity energy expenditure. Results: A 60 min low impact BodyattackTM session demands a Total energy expenditure of 469.4 ± 170.8 kcal at an average intensity of 64% of maximal heart rate, from which approximately 27.2 min are spent at moderate to vigorous physical activity intensities. Compared to a high impact BodyattackTM session as reported by the trademark company, Total energy expenditure was lower in the low impact option (-194.8 Kcal, p=0.006), but no significant differences were found in average intensity (-9.4%, p=0.707). Conclusion: Bodyattack™ routines performed at a low impact option may be sufficient to meet minimal recommendations for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness, if practiced beyond three days.week-1. Although appropriate for untrained individuals and those with orthopedic limitations, energy requirements of low impact Bodyattack™ may not be enough to elicit an effective weight loss.

Energy Expenditure in Playground Games in Primary School Children Measured by Accelerometer and Heart Rate Monitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cañete García-Prieto ◽  
Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Mairena Sánchez-López ◽  
Natalia Arias-Palencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
School Children ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors

The aim of this study was to examine the energy expenditure (EE) measured using indirect calorimetry (IC) during playground games and to assess the validity of heart rate (HR) and accelerometry counts as indirect indicators of EE in children´s physical activity games. 32 primary school children (9.9 ± 0.6 years old, 19.8 ± 4.9 kg · m-2 BMI and 37.6 ± 7.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1 VO2max). Indirect calorimetry (IC), accelerometry and HR data were simultaneously collected for each child during a 90 min session of 30 playground games. Thirty-eight sessions were recorded in 32 different children. Each game was recorded at least in three occasions in other three children. The intersubject coefficient of variation within a game was 27% for IC, 37% for accelerometry and 13% for HR. The overall mean EE in the games was 4.2 ± 1.4 kcals · min-1 per game, totaling to 375 ± 122 kcals/per 90 min/session. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and accelerometer counts was 0.48 (p = .026) for endurance games and 0.21 (p = .574) for strength games. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and HR was 0.71 (p = .032) for endurance games and 0.48 (p = .026) for strength games. Our data indicate that both accelerometer and HR monitors are useful devices for estimating EE during endurance games, but only HR monitors estimates are accurate for endurance games.

scholarly journals Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (s2) ◽  
pp. S251-S273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomé Aubert ◽  
Joel D. Barnes ◽  
Chalchisa Abdeta ◽  
Patrick Abi Nader ◽  
Ade F. Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Work Groups ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Report Card ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Letter Grades ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Report Card Grades ◽  
Very High

Background: Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5–17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods: Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations’ human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results: A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of “C-,” “D+,” and “C-” was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions: The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity to maximal aerobic speed, physical activity level and heart rate variability in postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Felipe de Ornelas ◽  
Danilo Rodrigues Batista ◽  
Vlademir Meneghel ◽  
Wellington Gonçalves Dias ◽  
Guilherme Borsetti Businari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed

Physical inactivity is main cause of disease worldwide. Identify the physical exercise preference, resulting in increases adherence and future intention to perform physical activity. The preference of the intensity of exercise questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) is the main tool used to assess preference in physical exercise. Variables as age, body mass index (BMI), usual physical activity level (PAL), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2máx), can influence in PRETIE-Q answers. The purpose of this study was investigate if there is relation between preference for exercise intensity with maximal aerobic speed (MAS), PAL and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women phase. Participated of study 30 subjects who answer PRETIE-Q together with analyses of MAS, PAL and HRV. Preference was large correlated with MAS (r = 0.63), PAL (r = 0.57) and HRVRMSSD (r = 0.52). Together, MAS (40.4%), PAL (10.7%) and HRVRMSSD (6.4%) explained 57.5% of the preference score. This results study allow to health professional, that prescribe physical exercise, understand that subjects with high aerobic capacity, cardiovagal modulation and usual PAL will have preference for high intensity exercise. In consequence, can increase the adherence to systematic practice of physical exercise. Conclude that preference of exercise intensity for women in postmenopausal phase is related with aerobic capacity, high HRV and physical activity level.

Children’s Heart Rates during Physical Education Lessons: A Review

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Educators ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Physically Active

Physical educators have purported to teach children to be physically active and to promote their fitness. To achieve these goals, children should regularly experience moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during physical education lessons. For the purposes of this review, moderate physical activity is that which elicits a heart rate of 50% of maximum heart rate reserve (MHRR), moderate-to-vigorous activity elicits 60% of MHRR, and vigorous activity elicits 75% of MHRR. Duration criteria were set at 50% of lesson time or 20 min. The majority of lessons described in previous reports failed to achieve these criteria, although problems were noted in method and analyses of data. Lessons with physical activity as a direct goal have been successful in increasing MVPA. A greater focus on physical activity is required in the planning and delivery of physical education lessons if the physical activity and fitness goals of the physical education curriculum are to be met.

scholarly journals How Is the Self-Perceived Work Ability Affected by the Duration of Unemployment, Heart Rate Variability and the Amount of Physical Activity in Older Long-Term Unemployed Persons?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Anke Bumann ◽  
Daniel Niederer ◽  
Constanze Santarossa ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Lutz Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Work Ability Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Work Ability ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment

Background: This study investigated whether work ability is associated with the duration of unemployment, heart rate variability (HRV), and the level of physical activity. Methods: Thirty-four unemployed persons (mean 55.7 ± standard deviation 33.3 years, 22 female, 12 male, unemployed: range 1–22.5 years) participated in the cross-sectional study. The Work Ability Index (WAI) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. Short-term (five minutes) resting HRV (Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), Total Power (TP)) was collected. Results: Work ability was positively associated with the HRV: LF (r = 0.383; p = 0.025), HF (r = 0.412; p = 0.015) and TP (r = 0.361; p = 0.036). The WAI showed a positive linear correlation with the amount of total physical activity (r = 0.461; p = 0.006) as well as with the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (r = 0.413; p = 0.015). No association between the WAI and the duration of unemployment occurred. Conclusions: the relation between self-perceived work ability, health-associated parameters, the HRV and the level of physical activity points out the relevance of health-care exercise and the need of stress-reducing interventions to improve perceived work ability. Our results point out the need for the further and more holistic development of healthcare for the unemployed.

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity energy expenditure in UK adults (The Fenland study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lindsay ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
Katrien Wijndaele ◽  
Stefanie Hollidge ◽  
Nicola Kerrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Activity Energy

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of a range of diseases including obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Large population-based descriptive studies of PA, incorporating precise measurement, are needed to understand the relative burden of insufficient PA levels and to inform the tailoring of interventions. Combined heart and movement sensing enables the study of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and intensity distribution. We aimed to describe the sociodemographic correlates of PAEE and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in UK adults. Methods The Fenland study is a population-based cohort study of 12,435 adults aged 29–64 years-old in Cambridgeshire, UK. Following individual calibration (treadmill), participants wore a combined heart rate and movement sensor continuously for 6 days in free-living, from which we derived PAEE (kJ•day− 1•kg− 1) and time in MVPA (> 3 & > 4 METs) in bouts greater than 1 min and 10 min. Socio-demographic information was self-reported. Stratum-specific summary statistics and multivariable analyses were performed. Results Women accumulated a mean (sd) 50(20) kJ•day− 1•kg− 1 of PAEE, and 83(67) and 33(39) minutes•day− 1 of 1-min bouted and 10-min bouted MVPA respectively. By contrast, men recorded 59(23) kJ•day− 1•kg− 1, 124(84) and 60(58) minutes•day− 1. Age and BMI were also important correlates of PA. Association with age was inverse in both sexes, more strongly so for PAEE than MVPA. Obese individuals accumulated less PA than their normal-weight counterparts, whether considering PAEE or allometrically-scaled PAEE (− 10 kJ•day− 1•kg− 1 or − 15 kJ•day− 1•kg-2/3 in men). Higher income and manual work were associated with higher PA; manual workers recorded 13–16 kJ•kg− 1•day− 1 more PAEE than sedentary counterparts. Overall, 86% of women and 96% of men accumulated a daily average of MVPA (> 3 METs) corresponding to 150 min per week. These values were 49 and 74% if only considering bouts > 10 min (15 and 31% for > 4 METs). Conclusions PA varied by age, sex and BMI, and was higher in manual workers and those with higher incomes. Light physical activity was the main driver of PAEE; a component of PA that is currently not quantified as a target in UK guidelines.

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