scholarly journals Effects of a national preventive intervention against potential COVID-19-related gambling problems. A self-report survey in online gamblers. (Preprint)

10.2196/33066 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Håkansson ◽  
Andreas Sundvall ◽  
Axel Lyckberg
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Online Gamblers

scholarly journals Psychometric Evaluation of the NORC Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) for the Assessment of DSM-5 Gambling Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad W. Brazeau ◽  
David C. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Problem Severity

Abstract The National Opinion Research Center (NORC) Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) is one of the most used outcome measures in gambling intervention trials. However, a screen based on DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria has yet to be developed or validated since the DSM-5 release in 2013. This omission is possibly because the criteria for gambling disorder only underwent minor changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5: the diagnostic threshold was reduced from 5 to 4 criteria, and the illegal activity criterion was removed. Validation of a measure that captures these changes is still warranted. The current study examined the psychometric properties of an online self-report past-year adaptation of the NODS based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. Additionally, the new NODS was evaluated for how well it identifies ICD-10 pathological gambling. A diverse sample of participants (N = 959) was crowdsourced via Amazon’s TurkPrime. Internal consistency and one-week test-retest reliability were good. High correlations (r = .74–.77) with other measures of gambling problem severity were observed in addition to moderate correlations (r = .21–.36) with related but distinct constructs (e.g., gambling expenditures, time spent gambling, other addictive behaviours). All nine of the DSM-5 criteria loaded positively on one principal component, which accounted for 40% of the variance. Classification accuracy (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, predictive power) was generally very good with respect to the PGSI and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Future validation studies are encouraged to establish a gold standard measurement of gambling problem severity.

scholarly journals Gambling Despite Nationwide Self-Exclusion–A Survey in Online Gamblers in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Håkansson ◽  
Carolina Widinghoff
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Harm Reduction Intervention ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Online Gamblers

Background: Voluntary self-exclusion is a well-known harm reduction intervention in problem gambling, although primarily in operator-specific or venue-based systems. A nationwide overall self-exclusion system (“Spelpaus”) for all licensed gambling was introduced in Sweden in 2019. However, gambling in overseas companies despite national exclusion may be a concern in online gamblers. The present web survey study aimed to study self-reported self-exclusion and gambling despite exclusion in a nationwide multi-operator land-based/online exclusion system.Methods: Web survey in web panel members of a market survey company, carried out in May, 2020 (co-occurring with the COVID-19 pandemic). Past-year online gamblers (n = 997) answered questions about gambling patterns, gambling problems, psychological distress, self-exclusion since “Spelpaus” introduction, and gambling despite self-exclusion.Results: Seven percent reported ever self-excluded at Spelpaus, and this was associated with younger age, female gender, gambling problems, and chance-based games and online poker. In logistic regression, Spelpaus remained strongly associated with past-year online casino gambling, gambling problems, and absence of past-year sports betting. Among those having self-excluded, 38 percent reported gambling despite self-exclusion, most commonly online casino.Conclusions: In online gamblers in a setting with a nationwide self-exclusion system, using this was associated with past-year online casino gambling and gambling problems. Gambling despite self-exclusion appears to be common, and more commonly involves online casino. Stakeholders should aim to increase rates of self-exclusion in high-risk online gamblers, both during and beyond the COVID-19 situation in which the study was carried out. Also, policy makers should use gambling regulation in order to decrease the risk of breaching self-exclusion online, such as through the prohibition of non-registered gambling operators. Further research should focus on in-depth analysis of the reasons for gamblers to enroll or not enroll in multi-operator self-exclusion.

FC18-02 - Cognitive distortions among online gamblers

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1911-1911
Author(s):  
T.-L. MacKay ◽  
D. Hodgins ◽  
N. Bard ◽  
M. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
Online Gamblers

Addictive disorders are being increasingly influenced by technology and one of the most recent developments is for gamblers to access games via the Internet. Prevalence data show that up to 10% of the population gamble online and studies have consistently indicated that Internet gamblers are particularly susceptible to developing gambling problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore differences between Internet and non-Internet gamblers to help determine why online gamblers are more likely to have gambling problems. Three hundred and seventy four participants (143 online gamblers, 172 males) from a large Canadian university completed an online questionnaire to investigate demographic, medium-related, comorbid psychological and cognitive factors with strong empirical support for contributing to problem gambling severity. Variables that significantly differentiated Internet and non-Internet gamblers in a univariate analyses were entered into a logistic regression to predict online gambling. A test of the full model was statistically significant, correctly classifying 77% of gamblers (64% of Internet gamblers and 85% of non-Internet gamblers). Cognitive distortions made an independent contribution to predicting Internet gamblers from those that had never wagered online. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that cognitive distortions added significantly to problem gambling severity among online gamblers after controlling for other contributing variables. The findings have implications for clinicians working with Internet gamblers to specifically address thoughts related to luck, perseverance and illusion of control. As gambling technologies change and evolve, research needs to inform practice by identifying possible causal factors contributing to problem severity.

scholarly journals Subtyping Gambling Acitivities: Case of Korca City, Albania

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Besa Shahini ◽  
Emil Frasheri
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scratch Cards ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Gambling Subtypes

Gambling research has grown dramatically over the past 2-3 decades, however a lack of consensus regarding the risk factors and gambling etiology related to youth problem gambling still remain. So a better understanding of the nature of youth problem gambling could help us to clarify the etiology of gambling problems. Understanding gambling subtypes is necessary to improve our understanding of the etiology of problem gambling. The prediction of problem gambling is related with the participation in gambling activities. It is necessary to obtain a structure of gambling activities, in order to better understand gambling related problems and to treat problems in a more specified manner. The aim of the study was to determine the appropriate structure of gambling activities using factor analysis in a confirmatory framework. Students are a particularly interesting population in which to study gambling. The research utilized a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaires. The study concludes that the two-factor solution better represents the chance-and skill-based gambling activities. The first factor is most strongly associated with chance-based activities (lottery, bingo, scratch cards). The second factor is most strongly associated with activities that require some degree of skill (poker, roulette, sport bet, racing, etc. ).

scholarly journals Changes in Gambling Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Web Survey Study in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed everyday life, and policy makers have raised concerns about possible changes in gambling patterns during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether self-reported gambling has increased during the pandemic, and to examine potential correlates of such a change. This general population survey study in Sweden collected self-report data from 2016 web survey members (51 percent men, nine percent moderate-risk/problem gamblers). Correlates of increased gambling and increased gambling specifically due to COVID-19-related cancellation of sports were calculated. Four percent reported an overall gambling increase during the pandemic. The proportion of individuals reporting an increase, compared to individuals reporting a decrease, was markedly higher for online casinos (0.62), online horse betting (0.76) and online lotteries (0.73), and lower for sports betting (0.11). Overall, gambling increases were independently associated with gambling problems and increased alcohol consumption. In the sub-group, where there was an increase in specific gambling types in response to cancelled sports betting events, rates of gambling problems were high. In conclusion, only a minority report increased gambling in response to the pandemic, but this group has markedly higher gambling problems and changes in alcohol consumption, and may represent a sub-group with a particularly high vulnerability. This calls for preventive action in people with higher gambling risks in response to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Preventing Recurrence of Depression: Long-Term Effects of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262097977
Author(s):  
Kristof Hoorelbeke ◽  
Nathan Van den Bergh ◽  
Rudi De Raedt ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Ernst H. W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Cognitive Transfer ◽  
Cognitive Control Training

Previous studies suggest that cognitive control training (CCT) shows potential as a preventive intervention for depression. In this study, the first to examine long-term preventive effects of CCT, we examined effects on (a) task-specific cognitive transfer at 1-year follow-up, (b) recurrence of depression, and (c) functioning over the course of a year. Each of 92 remitted depressed patients were randomly assigned to a CCT condition or an active control condition (ACT). Effects of training were monitored using weekly assessments of emotion regulation, cognitive complaints, depressive symptoms, and resilience (brief weekly questionnaire). At 1-year follow-up, participants completed a structured clinical interview, cognitive transfer task, and questionnaires. We observed task-specific cognitive transfer ( p < .001, d = 1.23) and lower recurrence rates in the CCT condition ( p = .04; odds ratio = 0.38). However, no long-term beneficial effects of training were observed on the weekly ratings of functioning, and groups did not differ in performance on the self-report questionnaires at 1-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Reasons for Gambling and Problem Gambling Among Norwegian Horse Bettors: A Real-World Study Utilizing Combining Survey Data and Behavioral Player Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Auer ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Real World ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Problematic Gambling ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Coping

AbstractDespite the popularity of horserace gambling around the world, there is surprisingly little in-depth research on the topic. Additionally, studies suggest that motives for gambling are an important proximal factor related to problematic gambling among young people and adults. The present study investigated reasons for gambling among Norwegian horse bettors utilizing questions based on the Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire. The Norwegian gambling operator Rikstoto tracks all players’ behavior across all game types on the internet as well as land-based gambling and provided the data for the study. Consequently, the responses to the questions were correlated with actual gambling behavior. The authors were given access to an anonymized dataset of 3627 players (934 females and 2693 males) from the Norwegian horse betting operator Rikstoto who all completed a short survey. The reasons for gambling most endorsed by horserace bettors were to win big prizes and for excitement. The least endorsed reasons for gambling were to impress other people and to decrease tension. Gambling for money and gambling for recreation and coping were the most highly correlated with self-reported problem gambling. Age was significant and negatively correlated with self-reported gambling problems. The number of bets made, the amount of money consciously bet (i.e., players choosing the horse(s) compared to letting a random generator choose), as well as the monthly loss limit were significant and positively correlated. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate (i) motivations to gamble combining self-report data with data from a real-world setting, (ii) horserace betting with actual player data, and (iii) correlations between self-reported information about gambling problems with actual gambling behavior and self-reported motivation to play. Consequently, the findings are of high existential value to the gambling studies field.

scholarly journals Testing the effects of a prenatal depression preventive intervention on parenting and young children’s self-regulation and functioning (EPIC): protocol for a longitudinal observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Diebold ◽  
Jessica K. Johnson ◽  
Marianne Brennan ◽  
Jody D. Ciolino ◽  
Amelie Petitclerc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Depression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time Points

Abstract Background Perinatal depression is a pervasive public health concern that disproportionately affects low-income women and can have negative impacts on parenting and child developmental outcomes. Few interventions focus on preventing perinatal depression. Previous studies suggest that Mothers and Babies is efficacious in preventing the worsening of depressive symptoms and the onset of postpartum depression. This manuscript presents the protocol of the EPIC study (Effects of a Prenatal Depression Preventive Intervention on parenting and young children’s Self-Regulation and Functioning) to test the effects of Mothers and Babies on parenting and child developmental outcomes through 54 months postpartum. EPIC is an observational study that builds on a completed cluster-randomized trial (CRT). Innovations of this study are direct observations of a subsample of mother-child dyads and the inclusion of fathers/caregivers’ variables as moderators of maternal mental health. Methods For this study, we plan to enroll 738 women with children under 30 months old, ≥18 years old, and who speak English or Spanish. Additionally, 429 fathers, partners, or other adult caregivers will be recruited through women participating in the study. Women will be recruited through the parent study (intervention and control participants) or through one of 10 home visiting programs in Illinois (control participants). Data collection will take place through maternal self-report at five time points (when the child is 30, 36, 42, 48, and 54 months), paternal self-report at three time points (when the child is 30, 42, and 54 months), and through mother-child observations at three time points (when the child is 36, 42, and 48 months). Outcome domains include maternal mental health, cognitive-behavioral and parenting skills, and child self-regulation and functioning. Moderators include the contributions of fathers/caregivers, race-ethnicity, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Power and sample size were calculated assuming a two-sided 5% type I error rate and assumed analyses on the individual level. Discussion This study has several key strengths and innovations, as well as great potential significance to influence the long-term trajectories of parenting and child development via prenatal intervention. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04296734) on March 5, 2020.

scholarly journals Preventive intervention as means of clarifying direction of effects in socialization: Anxious-withdrawn preschoolers case

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. LAFRENIERE ◽  
FRANCE CAPUANO
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Ratings ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Withdrawn Behavior ◽  
Relationship Disturbances ◽  
Parent Child

An indicated preventive intervention research program integrating attachment, attributional, and behaviorist perspectives was conducted to test the hypothesis that parent–child relationship disturbances directly effect the child's adjustment to the preschool. Anxious-withdrawn preschool children and their mothers were divided equally into treatment and control groups, and assessed on maternal self-report of parenting stress, behavioral ratings of mother–child interaction, and teacher ratings of the children in the preschool classroom. Results showed significant changes in the treatment group: mothers in the treatment group moderated their level of control to a more appropriate, less intrusive level, while children in the treatment group showed an increase in cooperation and enthusiasm during a problem solving task with mother. Teacher-rated social competence and anxious-withdrawn behavior indicated improvement, although only the former was significant. The demonstration of effects of this home intervention for the mother on the child's behavior in the preschool confirm the transactional model underlying this study and demonstrate the utility of a parent–child interaction training component for the prevention of behavioral–emotional problems in young children.

scholarly journals An evaluation of two United Kingdom online support forums designed to help people with gambling issues

2009 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T.A. Wood ◽  
Sabrina A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Online Gamblers

The study examined two United Kingdom online forums designed to support people with gambling problems and people affected by problem gambling (e.g., partners, relatives, and friends). The methods utilised were content analysis of 60 forum posts, online semi-structured interviews (n = 19), and an online survey (n = 121). The study found that the forums helped members to better understand and cope with their own gambling problems or with those of others. A lack of other alternative support, ease of access and availability, need for additional support, insight gained through posting and hearing other's stories, help in resisting urges to gamble, and perceived anonymity were all given as benefits of the forums. The forums were most popular with online gamblers, and had a higher ratio of females to males (with gambling problems) than any other comparable service. Significantly more females than males suggested that the forums helped them to cope better with their gambling problem. The utility of online forums for helping people dealing with gambling problems is discussed.

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