scholarly journals Evaluating Motivational Interviewing and Habit Formation to Enhance the Effect of Activity Trackers on Healthy Adults’ Activity Levels: Randomized Intervention (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D Ellingson ◽  
Jeni E Lansing ◽  
Kathryn J DeShaw ◽  
Karissa L Peyer ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Activity Trackers

BACKGROUND While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors. METHODS A sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=–.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=–.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366

scholarly journals Activity Patterns and Correlates among Youth: Differences by Weight Status

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell C. Taylor ◽  
James F. Sallis ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
Karen Eason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Factors

The purposes of the study were to assess differences in physical activity levels and correlates of physical activity among overweight (‡ 85 th percentile of body mass index for their sex and age) and non-overweight (< 85th percentile) youth. The sample included 509 seventh through twelfth graders. Activity was measured by a 7-day, 46-item activity checklist. Overweight girls were more sedentary than non-overweight girls (p < .03), and non-overweight girls engaged in more vigorous physical activity than overweight girls (p < .03). For boys, there were no significant differences in activity. The regression analyses for vigorous activity yielded the largest total R2’s (R2 = .49 for overweight and R2 = .27 for non-overweight.) The significant factor for overweight youth was greater athletic coordination (p < .01). For non-overweight youth, the significant factors were greater family support (p < .05), greater peer support (p < .001), fewer barriers (p < .03), and greater athletic coordination (p < .01). Correlates of physical activity vary by weight status of young people.

School-day Classroom-based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Calvert ◽  
Lindsey Turner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
School Day ◽  
Sedentary Bouts

Objective: Many school-aged children do not meet the daily minimum recommendations for accruing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and spend much of their day sedentary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teacher-delivered classroom-based physical activity (CBPA) on students' MVPA and sedentary behaviors. Methods: Participants included 157 students across 7 classrooms and 500 student-days of observation. Students wore accelerometers for one week during fall of 2017, and teachers recorded their CBPA offerings daily. Minutes of scheduled recess and physical education (PE) also were recorded. Results: Overall, students spent the majority of the school day engaged in sedentary behavior, and accrued an average of 20 and 28 minutes of MVPA on non-PE and PE days, respectively. Students did not engage in lengthy bouts of sedentary behavior, and spent approximately 30 minutes each day in sedentary bouts. Mixed-effects regression analyses revealed that offering any CBPA was associated with greater percent time in MVPA and less in sedentary behavior. Conclusion: CBPA is an important contributor to the 30 minutes of school-day MVPA that students should accrue, especially since PE and recess are often not sufficient..

U.S. Population Profile of Time-Stamped Accelerometer Outputs: Impact of Wear Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
William D. Johnson ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Time Variables

Background:We examined the effects of wear time on a population profile of time-stamped accelerometer outputs using the 2005−2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data representing 3744 adults ≥ 20 years of age.Methods:Outputs included activity counts, steps, and time variables: nonwear (macro-determined), sedentary behavior (<100 activity counts/minute), and time in low (100−499 activity counts/minute), light (500−2019 activity counts/minute), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; ≥2020 activity counts/minute) intensities. We describe mean values according to a 24-hour clock. Analysis was repeated in a reduced data set with only those who wore the accelerometer for 60 minutes within each considered hour of the day.Results:Between 12:00 and 17:00, U.S. adults spend approximately 31 minutes each hour in sedentary behaviors, and approximately 14 minutes, 10 minutes, and 2 minutes in low, light, and MVPA intensity activity, respectively. Removing the effect of nonwear time, sedentary behaviors are reduced in the morning hours and increase in the evening hours.Conclusion:At either end of the day, nonwear time appears to distort population estimates of all accelerometer time and physical activity volume indicators, but its effects are particularly clear on population estimates of time spent in sedentary behavior.

Exercise by Mail: A Mediated Behavior-Change Program for Aerobic Exercise

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Owen ◽  
Lucio Naccarella ◽  
Christina Lee ◽  
Kevin Haag
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fitness Programs

Regular, vigorous physical activity (aerobic exercise) appears to have significant benefits in preventing disease, but exercise levels continue to be low in spite of the wide availability of intensive fitness programs. Self-instructional behavior-change packages can reach more people than face-to-face methods, and can address a range of problem behaviors. This study investigated the effectiveness of a self-instructional training program for aerobic exercise. Participants were allocated randomly to an exercise correspondence course involving several mailings of information (n=53), or to exactly the same program mailed in a single package (n=52). People who initially showed interest in the course but withdrew before it began (n=33), and participants in standard fitness classes (n=31), were used as comparison groups. All courses were 12-week aerobic programs of gradually increasing intensity. At the end of the program, participants in the single-package course were significantly more active than those in the multiple-mailing program, and were similar to those in the fitness class. At a 10-month follow-up, there were no significant differences among the reported physical activity levels of participants in the four different conditions. Despite the somewhat weak effects obtained in this investigation, programs that can be administered by mail can reach large numbers of people who may wish to change health-related behaviors.

Moderate and vigorous physical activity levels are associated with circulating CD34+ progenitor cells which are predictive of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ross ◽  
D Muggeridge ◽  
J Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Edinburgh Napier University Research Excellence Grant Background Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) play an important role in vascular repair and may influence cardiovascular (CV) health and longevity. Physical activity is known to promote vascular health and may do so by modulating CPC counts. Purpose The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the association of CPCs with mortality and explore the association between physical activity (PA) and CPCs. Methods We studied 1,751 individuals from the Framingham Offspring cohort (66 ± 9 years, 54% female). CPCs (CD34+, CD34 + CD133+, CD34 + CD133 + KDR+) were measured from blood samples by flow cytometry. Multivariable cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of CPCs with future CV event, mortality, and all-cause mortality. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between self-reported PA and CPC counts. Results Following adjustment for standard risk factors, there was an inverse association between CD34+ CPCs and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per unit increase in CD34+, 0.79; 95% CI 0.64 – 0.98). CD34 + CD133+ CPCs were inversely associated with CV mortality (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 – 0.91, P = 0.013). Associations of CD34+ and CD34 + CD133+ with mortality were strongest in participants with pre-existing CVD. PA was associated with CD34+ CPCs only in CVD participants. This relationship was maintained after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusions Higher number of CD34+ and CD34+ CD133+ CPCs were inversely associated with all-cause and CV mortality. These associations were strongest in participants already diagnosed with CVD. PA is independently associated with CD34+ CPCs in individuals with CVD only, suggestive of greater benefit for this population group.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Position and Children’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors: Longitudinal Findings From the CLAN Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Ball ◽  
Verity J. Cleland ◽  
Anna F. Timperio ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
David A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and physical activity and sedentary behaviors among children and adolescents.Methods:Maternal education was reported by parents of 184 children 5 to 6 years old and 358 children 10 to 12 years old in 2001. In 2001 and 2004, physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Older children self-reported and parents of younger children proxy-reported physical activity and TV-viewing behaviors. Linear regression was used to predict physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and changes in these behaviors, from maternal education.Results:Among all children, accelerometer-determined and self- or parent-reported moderate and vigorous physical activity declined over 3 years. Girls of higher SEP demonstrated greater decreases in TV-viewing behaviors than those of low SEP. In general, no prospective associations were evident between SEP and objectively assessed physical activity. A small number of prospective associations were noted between SEP and self-reported physical activity, but these were generally weak and inconsistent in direction.Conclusions:This study did not find strong evidence that maternal education was cross-sectionally or longitudinally predictive of children’s physical activity or sedentary behaviors. Given the well-documented inverse relationship of SEP with physical activity levels in adult samples, the findings suggest that such disparities might emerge after adolescence.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Levels of 1053 Omani 4th Grade Children: The Importance of Gender and Sport Team Participation in Achieving 60 Minutes of Daily Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8504
Author(s):  
Marc Lochbaum ◽  
Jonathan Kenyon ◽  
Youngdeok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Sport Team ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
Objectively Measured

Sufficient daily physical activity is associated with many positive mental, physical, and societal benefits in children. Unfortunately, most children worldwide do not achieve recommended levels of daily physical activity (PA), and a majority of evidence is from Western countries and based on subjective measures. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of objectively measured PA levels among Omani children in 2017 (pre-pandemic). A two-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit the 4th grade children across five regions of Oman. A final analytic sample included 1053 children (504 boys, 549 girls) with a mean age of 9.21 years old. PA was objectively measured using a wrist-worn Polar Active Watch during three consecutive school days. Screen-based sedentary behaviors and other PA-related behaviors were subjectively measured. On average, boys were less sedentary and more active, with a greater likelihood of meeting current recommendations when compared with girls. The self-reported time spent in screen-based sedentary behaviors was relatively low for both boys and girls and was not associated with PA; however, sports team participation was associated with a greater likelihood of meeting the current recommendation. The present study provides empirical data on objectively measured PA in Omani children. The gender disparities concerning daily PA, including sports team participation, should receive further attention.

scholarly journals Physical activity surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Using consumer-based activity trackers as a tool for physical activity monitoring in epidemiological studies (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henriksen ◽  
Erlend Johannessen ◽  
Gunnar Hartvigsen ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Laila Hopstock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Energy

BACKGROUND Consumer-based physical activity trackers increase in popularity. The widespread use of these devices and the long-term nature of the recorded data provides a valuable source of physical activity data for epidemiological research. Major challenges include the large number of activity tracker providers and models, and the difference in how and what data are recorded and shared. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a system to record data on physical activity from different providers of consumer-based activity trackers, and to examine its usability as a tool for physical activity monitoring in epidemiological research. The longitudinal nature of the data and the concurrent pandemic outbreak allowed us to show how the system can be used for surveillance of physical activity levels before, during, and after a COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS We developed a system (mSpider) for automatic recording of data on physical activity from participants wearing activity trackers from Apple, Fitbit, Garmin, Oura, Polar, Samsung, and Withings, as well as trackers storing data in Google Fit and Apple Health. To test the system throughout development, we recruited 35 volunteers to wear a provided activity tracker from primo 2019 and onwards. In addition, we recruited 113 participants with privately owned activity trackers worn before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. We examined monthly change in number of steps, minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and activity energy expenditure during 2019-2020 using bar plots and two-sided paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Compared to March 2019, there was a significant reduction in mean step count and mean activity energy expenditure during the March 2020 lockdown period. The reduction was temporary, and the year to year comparison show a small increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and no change in steps and activity energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS mSpider is a working prototype currently able to record physical activity data from providers of consumer-based activity trackers. The system was successfully used to examine change in physical activity levels during the COVID-19 period.

scholarly journals 0269 Restricting Sleep Increases Teens’ Sedentary Behavior Without Impacting Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A102-A103
Author(s):  
K Krietsch ◽  
K Duraccio ◽  
N Zang ◽  
D Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Sleep Condition

Abstract Introduction Short sleep duration has been linked to obesity risk in adolescence. However, most research has focused on potential changes in appetite/intake, rather than physical activity or sedentary behaviors. It remains unknown if, in the daily lives of adolescents, sleep restriction increases moderate- to-vigorous physical activity (e.g., by providing more time for it) or discourages such activity (in favor of sedentary behaviors). This was the first study to use gold-standard objective measures to assess cause-and-effect relationships between sleep duration and the resulting activity levels of adolescents in the naturalistic environment. Methods N=104 healthy teens (ages 14–18) completed the 3-week within-subjects crossover sleep manipulation experiment during the summer. Following a 7-night a sleep stabilization week, teens were randomly assigned to 5 nights in Short Sleep (6.5hrs sleep opportunity) or Healthy Sleep (9.5hrs sleep opportunity). Following a 2-night “washout” period, they crossed over to the alternate sleep condition. Throughout the study, they wore validated waist-worn accelerometers to objectively measure sedentary and physical activity levels, and wrist-worn actigraphs to confirm adherence to their sleep condition. Results When in Short Sleep (vs. Healthy Sleep), teens on average slept 112 minutes less (p&lt;.0001, d=1.72) per wrist actigraphy. Waist-worn accelerometers reflected 99 more minutes in sedentary behavior (p&lt;.0001, d=.97), and 16 more minutes in light physical activity (p=.002, d=.31) during short sleep. Teens did not differ in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity between conditions (p=.95, d=.03). Conclusion Among healthy adolescents, a realistic dose of sleep restriction did not affect moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels, but did sharply increase time in sedentary behavior. Given the negative weight and health consequences of sedentary behavior, these results have practical implications for obesity prevention/intervention efforts. They suggest that extending teen sleep may neither encourage nor discourage healthy physical activity, but may help curb unhealthy behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior). Support R01 HL120879

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