scholarly journals A study to evaluate the relationship between the occlusal load applied and the size of the markings produced from tooth contact when dental articulating paper and T-scan is interposed alternatively. (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sravya Reddy ◽  
Preeti Satheesh Kumar ◽  
Vyoma Venkatesh Grandhi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coefficient Method ◽  
Increasing Load ◽  
Occlusal Load

BACKGROUND The proposed experimental design was done to determine if a relationship exists between the occlusal load applied and the size of the markings produced from tooth contact when dental articulating paper and T-Scan are interposed alternatively. OBJECTIVE Objective of this study was to compare the relationship between contact markings on an articulating paper and T Scan for an applied occlusal load. METHODS In this in vitro study, dentulous maxillary and mandibular dies were mounted on a metal jig,articulating paper, and T-Scan sensor were placed alternatively between the casts. Loads simulating occlusal loads began at 25N and incrementally continued upto 450N.The resultant markings (180 marks resulting from articulating paper and 138 marks of T-Scan) were photographed and the marks were analyzed using MOTIC image analysis and sketching. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), student t-test and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method. RESULTS The size of an articulating paper mark may not be a reliable predictor of the actual load content within the occlusal contact. T-Scan gave more predictable results of actual load content within the occlusal contact. CONCLUSIONS Statistically interpretation of the data indicated that with articulating paper, the mark area increased non-linearly with increasing load and there was a false positive result. The characteristics of the paper mark appearance did not describe the amount of occlusal force present on a given tooth. The contact marking obtained using T Scan for an applied occlusal load indicated that the mark area increased with the increase in the load and gave more predictable results of actual load content within the occlusal contact.

scholarly journals CNTNAP3 Associated ATG16L1 Expression and Crohn’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qi Qiao ◽  
Mei Lan Huang ◽  
Qing Zheng ◽  
Tian Rong Wang ◽  
An Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Nucleotide Oligomerization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls

Autophagy is a common physiological process in cell homeostasis and regulation. Autophagy-related gene mutations and autophagy disorders are important in Crohn’s disease (CD). The nucleotide oligomerization domain 2–autophagy genes autophagy 16-like 1 (NOD2–ATG16L1) signaling axis disorder contributes to the dysfunction of autophagy. This paper is focused on the relationship between contactin associated protein-like 3 (CNTNAP3) and ATG16L1 expression in Crohn’s disease. The results indicated that the expression of ATG16L1 is higher in some CD patients compared to normal controls. ATG16L1 was well correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) in some CD patients. In vitro study revealed that CNTNAP3 could upregulate the expression of ATG16L1 and increase autophagy vacuoles.

scholarly journals Impairment of Proteasome and Autophagy Underlying the Pathogenesis of Leukodystrophy

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dar-Shong Lin ◽  
Che-Sheng Ho ◽  
Yu-Wen Huang ◽  
Tsu-Yen Wu ◽  
Tsung-Han Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Human Oligodendrocytes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Globoid Cell

Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) and autophagy causing cytoplasmic aggregation of ubiquitin andp62 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative disorders, yet, they have not been fully elucidated in leukodystrophies. The relationship among impairment of UPS, autophagy, and globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), one of the most common demyelinating leukodystrophies, is clarified in this study. We examined the ubiquitin and autophagy markers in the brains of twitcher mice, a murine model of infantile GLD, and in human oligodendrocytes incubated with psychosine. Immunohistochemical examinations showed spatiotemporal accumulation of ubiquitin- and p62-aggregates mainly in the white matter of brain and spinal cord at disease progression. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of ubiquitin, p62, and LC3-II in insoluble fraction in parallel with progressive demyelination and neuroinflammation in twitcher brains. In vitro study validated a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of psychosine upon autophagy and UPS machinery. Inhibition of autophagy and UPS exacerbated the accumulation of insoluble ubiquitin, p62, and LC3-II proteins mediated by psychosine cytotoxicity as well as increased cytoplasmic deposition of ubiquitin- and p62-aggregates, and accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Further, the subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduction of mitochondrial respiration led to cell death. Our studies validate the impairment of proteasome and autophagy underlying the pathogenesis of GLD. These findings provide a novel insight into pathogenesis of GLD and suggest a specific pathomechanism as an ideal target for therapeutic approaches.

Progression of Artificial Caries in Fluorotic and Nonfluorotic Enamel. An in vitro Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma R ◽  
KK Shashibhushan ◽  
ND Shashikiran ◽  
VV Subba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objectives: Fluorosis is an important clinical and public health problem in several parts of the world. Although the relationship of fluoride level in drinking water to dental caries and dental fluorosis is known, relationship of fluorosis with the caries is not clear. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the thickness of enamel and depth of lesion after inducing artificial caries in fluorotic and nonfluorotic teeth. Methods: Study group included 15 fluorosis affected and 15 normal teeth. Artificial caries was induced and teeth were sectioned to 150 microns and observed under polarized light microscope to measure the enamel thickness and depth of lesion in microns. Results: Statistical analyses of the measurements were made using student's unpaired t-test. Thickness of the enamel of nonfluorotic teeth was found to be significantly more when compared with the fluorotic teeth(p-value 0.0404) and depth of lesion was significantly more in fluorotic teeth when compared with the nonfluorotic teeth(p-value 0.0218). Conclusion:Although fluoride is acknowledged as an essential factor in the prevention of dental caries there has to be careful balance in the amount consumed to ensure that fluorosis does not occur.

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