Contextual, Real-Time Micro-Nudges Improve Eating Mindfulness and are Associated with Weight Loss (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Nameth ◽  
Lisa C Offringa ◽  
Katelijn Vleugels ◽  
Christopher Gardner ◽  
Dena Bravata
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Drinking Behaviors

BACKGROUND Most obesity management interventions do not achieve sustained behavior change and, thus, do not result in long term weight loss. A promising approach to weight loss involves mindful eating coaching, which increases awareness of internal cues including hunger and satiety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a novel technology that promotes mindful eating and drinking behaviors by providing contextual, real-time micro-nudges on wrist-worn wearable devices. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the use of a novel technology, promoting mindful eating and drinking behaviors using contextual micro-nudges on a wrist-worn device, and assess how it facilitates behavior change and weight loss. METHODS Participants used the mindful eating technology for 5 weeks. The primary outcomes of interest collected at the end of the intervention were user acceptability and engagement. Secondary outcomes collected before and at the end of the intervention were mindfulness while eating, consumptions behaviors, and weight loss. RESULTS 17 overweight and obese people completed the intervention. They found the technology to be highly acceptable: 75% reported that using the wearable on their dominant hand felt natural; 88% found it convenient to keep their phone nearby and use the wearable all day; 75% did not find the wearable’s vibrations (haptic) associated with the micro-nudges to be disruptive to the meal experience; 88% enjoyed having the Klue metrics visible on their wearable at all times. On average, the duration of the intervention was 34.2 days (SD 1.2). On average, participants used the app for all but 1.8 (SD 2.0) days, 13.0 (SD 1.0) hours per day when active, received to 27.2 micro-nudges (notifications) per day and engaged in 13.9 daily interactive coaching moments. Moreover, 94% of participants significantly improved their scores on the validated Mindful Eating Questionnaire (P=.001). Similarly, 94% of participants reported improving at least one consumption behavior during the study and 77% reported improving three or more consumption behaviors (e.g., eating more mindfully, remaining well hydrated). Average weight loss was 1.3kg (SD 2.3, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The novel technology evaluated in this study provided real-time micro-nudges on a wrist-worn wearable that were acceptable to users and used frequently. Technologies such as these that interact with the user in-the-moment as behaviors are developing may lead to sustained engagement and could have a significant role in increasing mindful eating and producing positive behavior changes associated with successful weight loss. CLINICALTRIAL Stanford e-Protocol #39068

Mindful eating for overweight and obese women in Brazil: An exploratory mixed-methods pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110527
Author(s):  
Vera Salvo ◽  
Adriana Sanudo ◽  
Jean Kristeller ◽  
Mariana Cabral Schveitzer ◽  
Patricia Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Eat 26

Background: Worldwide, approximately 95% of obese people who follow diets for weight loss fail to maintain their weight loss in the long term. To fill this gap, mindfulness-based interventions, with a focus on mindful eating, are promising therapies to address this challenging public health issue. Aim: To verify the effects of the Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) protocol by exploring quantitative and qualitative data collected from Brazilian women. Methods: A single-group, mixed-methods trial was conducted at a public university with adult women ( n = 34). Four MB-EAT groups were offered weekly for 2.5-h sessions over 12 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included body mass index (BMI) and self-report measures of anxiety, depression, mindfulness, self-compassion, and eating behaviour. Qualitative information was collected using focus groups in the last session of each group, including both participants and MB-EAT instructors. The qualitative data were examined using thematic analyses and empirical categories. Results: Twenty participants (58.8%) completed both pre- and post-intervention assessments, with adequate attendance (≥4 sessions). There was a significant average decrease in weight of 1.9 ± 0.6 kg from pre- to post-intervention. All participants who had scored at the risk level for eating disorders on the EAT-26 decreased their score below this risk level. Qualitative analysis identified that participants were able to engage a more compassionate perspective on themselves, as well as greater self-awareness and self-acceptance. Conclusion: The MB-EAT showed preliminary efficacy in promoting weight loss and improvements in mindfulness and eating behaviour. This intervention promoted effects beyond those expected, extending to other life contexts.

scholarly journals The potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing adult weight loss: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Han Shi Jocelyn CHEW ◽  
Wei How Darryl ANG ◽  
Ying LAU
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Machine Perception ◽  
Management Interventions

Abstract Objective: To present an overview of how artificial intelligence (AI) could be used to regulate eating and dietary behaviours, exercise behaviours and weight loss. Design: A scoping review of global literature published from inception to 15 December 2020 was conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step framework. Eight databases (CINAHL, Cochrane–Central, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched. Included studies were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers with good interrater reliability (k= 0.96). Results: 66 out of 5573 potential studies were included, representing more than 2,031 participants. Three tenets of self-regulation were identified - self-monitoring (n=66, 100%), optimization of goal-setting (n=10, 15.2%) and self-control (n= 10, 15.2%). Articles were also categorised into three AI applications namely machine perception (n=50), predictive analytics only (n=6), and real-time analytics with personalised micro-interventions (n=10). Machine perception focused on recognizing food items, eating behaviours, physical activities and estimating energy balance. Predictive analytics focused on predicting weight loss, intervention adherence, dietary lapses and emotional eating. Studies on the last theme focused on evaluating AI-assisted weight management interventions that instantaneously collected behavioural data, optimised prediction models for behavioural lapse events and enhance behavioural self-control through adaptive and personalized nudges/prompts. Only six studies reported average weight losses (2.4% to 4.7%) of which two were statistically significant. Conclusion: The use of AI for weight loss is still undeveloped. Based on this study findings, we proposed a framework on the applicability of AI for weight loss but cautioned its contingency upon engagement and contextualisation.

Gender Differences in Internal Beliefs About Weight and Negative Attitudes Towards Self and Others

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Tiggemann ◽  
Esther D. Rothblum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Weight Locus Of Control ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Previous research has found that people with an internal weight locus of control (beliefs in self-control over weight) are more likely to join and stay in weight-loss programs and have higher self-esteem than those who have an external locus of control (e.g., belief that weight is due to luck, genes). There has been no research on how weight locus of control affects the self-esteem of people who are not average weight or not satisfied with their weight. The present study predicted that for people who are overweight, weight locus of control would be negatively related to self-esteem. The results confirmed this interaction between weight locus of control and weight on self-esteem for women, but not for men. The second prediction was that internal weight locus of control would have negative social consequences in terms of greater negative stereotyping of obese people, and this was also confirmed for women. Because weight loss is rarely permanent, it would seem important to change people's attitudes about the lack of control that they (and others) have over body weight.

Weight loss, behavior change and support among couples

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Lewis ◽  
Marlyn Allicock ◽  
Allison Deal ◽  
James Hersey ◽  
Leila Kahwati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Weight Loss Behavior

Study of the properties larch and larch wood construction materials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. Чубинский ◽  
К.В. Чаузов
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Laminated Beam ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Larch Wood

Несмотря на огромные запасы, древесина лиственницы до сего времени в незначительных объемах используется в строительной индустрии, других отраслях экономики, что связано как с технологическими сложностями ее переработки, так и недостаточной изученностью ее свойств. Одним из уникальных свойств древесины лиственницы сибирской (Larix sibirica) является ее повышенная естественная биостойкость, наряду с максимально высокой среди отечественных хвойных пород прочностью. Стойкость древесины лиственницы (Larix sibirica) к воздействию дереворазрушающих грибов Coniofora puteana значительно превышает стойкость сосны. В среднем потеря массы ядровой древесины лиственницы сибирской под воздействием дереворазрушающего гриба Coniophora puteana составляет 14,84%, снижаясь с увеличением возраста дерева, а контрольные образцы из ядровой древесины сосны в возрасте 90 лет имели потерю массы 57,8%. Возраст дерева является одним из наиболее значимых факторов, влияющих на степень биостойкости древесины. По мере его увеличения значительно повышается устойчивость деструктивному воздействию дереворазрушающих грибов Coniophora puteana. Положение образцов также влияет на степень биостойкости древесины, однако эта зависимость слабо выражена по сравнению с влиянием возраста и плотности древесины. Исследования кинетики разложения древесины лиственницы сибирской и роли экстрактивных веществ в развитии дереворазрушающих грибов позволяют утверждать наличие связи биостойкости и содержания в древесине экстрактивных веществ. Для изготовления клееного бруса из древесины лиственницы предложена клеевая композиция, включающая карбамидомеламиноформальдегидный клей и карбамидоформальдегидную смолу, модифицированную шунгитами. Ее применение позволяет получать клеевые соединения, не уступающие по прочности при скалывании массивной древесине, как по сухому образцу, так и после его вымачивания. Таким образом, клееный брус из древесины лиственницы сибирской характеризуется высокими показателями биостойкости, прочности и водостойкости. Despite vast reserves, larch wood so far in small volumes used in the construction industry and other sectors of the economy, which is connected as the technological difficulties of its treatment, as well as insufficient knowledge of its properties. One of the unique properties of the wood of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) is its increased natural biological stability (decay resistant), along with the highest among the domestic softwood strength. Resistance Larch (Larix sibirica) to the effects of wood-destroying fungi Coniofora puteana is much higher than pine. The average weight loss of Siberian larch heartwood exposed wood-destroying fungi Coniophora puteana is 14.84%, decreasing with increasing age of the tree, and control samples of heartwood pine at age 90 had a weight loss of 57.8%. Age of a tree is one of the most significant factors affecting the degree of biological stability of wood. With the increase it significantly increases the stability of the destructive effects of wood-destroying fungi and Coniophora puteana. The position of the sample in tree also affects the degree of biological stability of wood, but this dependence is poorly developed in comparison with the influence of age and wood density. Studies of the kinetics of decomposition of Siberian larch wood and the role of extractives in the development of wood-destroying fungi suggest a link, and the decay resistant of the content in the wood extractives. For the manufacture of larch glued laminated beam proposed adhesive composition comprising urea and melamine-formaldehyde glue and urea-formaldehyde resins, modified shungites. Its use allows to obtain the bonds are not inferior in strength at shearing solid wood as dry sample, and after soaking. Thus, glued laminated beam from Siberian larch wood is characterized by high decay resistant, strength and water resistance.

scholarly journals Incidence and Outcomes of Home Parenteral Nutrition in Patients With Crohn Disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Bakhshi ◽  
Siddhant Yadav ◽  
Bradley R Salonen ◽  
Sara L Bonnes ◽  
Jithinraj Edakkanambeth Varayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Crohn Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Home Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Olmsted County ◽  
Short Bowel

Abstract Background We sought to estimate the incidence of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use in a population-based cohort of patients with Crohn disease (CD), and to assess clinical outcomes and complications associated with HPN. Methods We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) to identify residents of Olmsted County, who were diagnosed with CD between 1970 and 2011, and required HPN. Results Fourteen out of 429 patients (3.3%) with CD received HPN (86% female). Eleven patients (79%) had moderate–severe CD and 12 patients (86%) had fistulizing disease. Thirteen patients (93%) underwent surgery, primarily due to obstruction. Among CD incidence cases, the cumulative incidence of HPN from the date of CD diagnosis was 0% at 1 year, 0.5% at 5 years, 0.8% at 10 years, and 2.4% at 20 years. Indications for HPN included short bowel syndrome in 64%, malnutrition in 29%, and bowel rest in 21%. The median duration of HPN was 2.5 years. There was an average weight gain of 1.2 kg at 6 months, an average weight loss of 1.4 kg at 1 year, and a further weight loss of 2.2 kg at 2 years from the start of HPN. Patients were hospitalized a mean of 5 times after the start of HPN, mainly due to catheter-related bloodstream infections and thrombosis. Conclusions Less than 4% of patients with CD need HPN. Most have moderate to severe disease with short bowel syndrome or malnutrition. Possible reasons for the patients’ weight loss could be noncompliance, and increased metabolic needs because of active disease.

scholarly journals Health Behavior Change Processes Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness Engaged in Illness Self-Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232199204
Author(s):  
Anjana Muralidharan ◽  
Amanda Peeples ◽  
Alicia Lucksted
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Living Well ◽  
Management Interventions

Self-management interventions promote illness management among adults with chronic health conditions. Little is known regarding the processes by which these interventions have their effects. The present study examined how Living Well, an effective self-management intervention for adults with serious mental illness, led to health behavior change in a randomized controlled trial. A convenience subset ( N = 15) of participants completed qualitative interviews regarding the feasibility/acceptability of Living Well. An inductive secondary qualitative analysis, using a combination of interpretive phenomenological and social constructivist approaches, was conducted to examine processes of change. Results indicate that Living Well provided information and knowledge, opportunities for learning from others and real-world practice, and an interpersonally supportive environment. These active ingredients led to enhanced self-awareness, confidence, sense of control, and behavior and health status changes among participants. These findings are considered in the context of prominent behavior change theories such as social cognitive theory and self-regulation.

scholarly journals Patterns of Weight Change in Aging and Dying

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
Stephen Thielke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
History Of

Abstract Little research has characterized the natural history of weight change in older adults. Different changes may occur during aging and dying. We analyzed 18 years of weight measures from a cohort of 736,361 Veterans, all of whom had died at age 70 or older. We produced summary measures that accounted for both chronological age and number of years before death. Several clear population-level trends appeared. (1) The average weight of the sample declined across all ages at a rate of about 0.18 BMI points per year. (2) Starting about seven years before death, the amount of loss began to accelerate, reaching a decline of 0.75 BMI points in the year before death. (3) Changes in weight relative to years of remaining life were independent of chronologic age. People who died at age 70 experienced, on average, the same type and duration of terminal decline as did those who died at age 95. (4) The dying process involved a cumulative loss of about 1.3 BMI points. (5) The distribution of weights during advancing age both declined and narrowed. (6) Disproportionate deaths occurred at the lower BMI ranges (below a BMI of 24), and especially below 18, regardless of age. (7) The finding in #5 is explained by the entire cohort losing weight, with death of the thinnest members. These findings argue for examining survival time in studies of weight change. They indicate that weight loss may be a natural part of dying, rather than a risk factor for it.

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