scholarly journals Associations of Internet Addiction Severity With Psychopathology, Serious Mental Illness, and Suicidality: Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjun Guo ◽  
Yujie Tao ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Xia Lin ◽  
Yajing Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Clinically Significant

BACKGROUND Internet addiction has become a major global concern and a burden on mental health. However, there is a lack of consensus on its link to mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between internet addiction severity and adverse mental health outcomes. METHODS First-year undergraduates enrolled at Sichuan University during September 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were invited to participate in the current study survey, 85.13% (31,659/37,187) of whom fully responded. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Symptom Checklist 90, Six-Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to evaluate internet addiction, four psychopathologies (high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, and paranoia), serious mental illness, and lifetime suicidality. RESULTS The prevalence of students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction was 37.93% (12,009/31,659), 6.33% (2003/31,659), and 0.20% (63/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates of high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and serious mental illness were 6.54% (2072/31,659), 4.09% (1294/31,659), 0.51% (160/31,659), 0.52% (165/31,659), and 1.88% (594/31,659), respectively, and the lifetime prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 36.31% (11,495/31,659), 5.13% (1624/31,659), and 1.00% (315/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) of the four psychopathologies and their comorbidities, screened serious mental illness, and suicidalities in the group without internet addiction were much lower than the average levels of the surveyed population. Most of these metrics in the group with mild internet addiction were similar to or slightly higher than the average rates; however, these rates sharply increased in the moderate and severe internet addiction groups. Among the four psychopathologies, clinically significant depression was most strongly associated with internet addiction after adjusting for the confounding effects of demographics and other psychopathologies, and its prevalence increased from 1.01% (178/17,584) in the students with no addiction to 4.85% (582/12,009), 24.81% (497/2,003), and 58.73% (37/63) in the students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction, respectively. The proportions of those with any of the four psychopathologies increased from 4.05% (713/17,584) to 11.72% (1408/12,009), 36.89% (739/2003), and 68.25% (43/63); those with lifetime suicidal ideation increased from 24.92% (4382/17,584) to 47.56% (5711/12,009), 67.70% (1356/2003), and 73.02% (46/63); those with a suicidal plan increased from 2.59% (456/17,584) to 6.77% (813/12,009), 16.72% (335/2003), and 31.75% (20/63); and those with a suicidal attempt increased from 0.50% (88/17,584) to 1.23% (148/12,009), 3.54% (71/2003), and 12.70% (8/63), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and severe internet addiction were strongly associated with a broad group of adverse mental health outcomes, including somatic symptoms that are the core features of many medical illnesses, although clinically significant depression showed the strongest association. This finding supports the illness validity of moderate and severe internet addiction in contrast to mild internet addiction. These results are important for informing health policymakers and service suppliers from the perspective of resolving the overall human health burden in the current era of “Internet Plus” and artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Associations of Internet Addiction Severity With Psychopathology, Serious Mental Illness, and Suicidality: Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/17560 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e17560
Author(s):  
Wanjun Guo ◽  
Yujie Tao ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Xia Lin ◽  
Yajing Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background Internet addiction has become a major global concern and a burden on mental health. However, there is a lack of consensus on its link to mental health outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between internet addiction severity and adverse mental health outcomes. Methods First-year undergraduates enrolled at Sichuan University during September 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were invited to participate in the current study survey, 85.13% (31,659/37,187) of whom fully responded. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Symptom Checklist 90, Six-Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to evaluate internet addiction, four psychopathologies (high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, and paranoia), serious mental illness, and lifetime suicidality. Results The prevalence of students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction was 37.93% (12,009/31,659), 6.33% (2003/31,659), and 0.20% (63/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates of high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and serious mental illness were 6.54% (2072/31,659), 4.09% (1294/31,659), 0.51% (160/31,659), 0.52% (165/31,659), and 1.88% (594/31,659), respectively, and the lifetime prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 36.31% (11,495/31,659), 5.13% (1624/31,659), and 1.00% (315/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) of the four psychopathologies and their comorbidities, screened serious mental illness, and suicidalities in the group without internet addiction were much lower than the average levels of the surveyed population. Most of these metrics in the group with mild internet addiction were similar to or slightly higher than the average rates; however, these rates sharply increased in the moderate and severe internet addiction groups. Among the four psychopathologies, clinically significant depression was most strongly associated with internet addiction after adjusting for the confounding effects of demographics and other psychopathologies, and its prevalence increased from 1.01% (178/17,584) in the students with no addiction to 4.85% (582/12,009), 24.81% (497/2,003), and 58.73% (37/63) in the students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction, respectively. The proportions of those with any of the four psychopathologies increased from 4.05% (713/17,584) to 11.72% (1408/12,009), 36.89% (739/2003), and 68.25% (43/63); those with lifetime suicidal ideation increased from 24.92% (4382/17,584) to 47.56% (5711/12,009), 67.70% (1356/2003), and 73.02% (46/63); those with a suicidal plan increased from 2.59% (456/17,584) to 6.77% (813/12,009), 16.72% (335/2003), and 31.75% (20/63); and those with a suicidal attempt increased from 0.50% (88/17,584) to 1.23% (148/12,009), 3.54% (71/2003), and 12.70% (8/63), respectively. Conclusions Moderate and severe internet addiction were strongly associated with a broad group of adverse mental health outcomes, including somatic symptoms that are the core features of many medical illnesses, although clinically significant depression showed the strongest association. This finding supports the illness validity of moderate and severe internet addiction in contrast to mild internet addiction. These results are important for informing health policymakers and service suppliers from the perspective of resolving the overall human health burden in the current era of “Internet Plus” and artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence across time and space of drug- and cannabinoid- exposure and adverse mental health outcomes in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health: combined geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Stuart Reece ◽  
Gary Kenneth Hulse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Background: Whilst many studies have linked increased drug and cannabis exposure to adverse mental health (MH) outcomes their effects on whole populations and geotemporospatial relationships are not well understood. Methods Ecological cohort study of National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) geographically-linked substate-shapefiles 2010–2012 and 2014–2016 supplemented by five-year US American Community Survey. Drugs: cigarettes, alcohol abuse, last-month cannabis use and last-year cocaine use. MH: any mental illness, major depressive illness, serious mental illness and suicidal thinking. Data analysis: two-stage, geotemporospatial, robust generalized linear regression and causal inference methods in R. Results 410,138 NSDUH respondents. Average response rate 76.7%. When drug and sociodemographic variables were combined in geospatial models significant terms including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis exposure and various ethnicities remained in final models for all four major mental health outcomes. Interactive terms including cannabis were related to any mental illness (β-estimate = 1.97 (95%C.I. 1.56–2.37), P <  2.2 × 10− 16), major depressive episode (β-estimate = 2.03 (1.54–2.52), P = 3.6 × 10− 16), serious mental illness (SMI, β-estimate = 2.04 (1.48–2.60), P = 1.0 × 10− 12), suicidal ideation (β-estimate = 1.99 (1.52–2.47), P <  2.2 × 10− 16) and in each case cannabis alone was significantly associated (from β-estimate = − 3.43 (− 4.46 − −2.42), P = 3.4 × 10− 11) with adverse MH outcomes on complex interactive regression surfaces. Geospatial modelling showed a monotonic upward trajectory of SMI which doubled (3.62 to 7.06%) as cannabis use increased. Extrapolated to whole populations cannabis decriminalization (4.26%, (4.18, 4.34%)), Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.035(1.034–1.036), attributable fraction in the exposed (AFE) = 3.28%(3.18–3.37%), P < 10− 300) and legalization (4.75% (4.65, 4.84%), PR = 1.155 (1.153–1.158), AFE = 12.91% (12.72–13.10%), P < 10− 300) were associated with increased SMI vs. illegal status (4.26, (4.18–4.33%)). Conclusions Data show all four indices of mental ill-health track cannabis exposure across space and time and are robust to multivariable adjustment for ethnicity, socioeconomics and other drug use. MH deteriorated with cannabis legalization. Cannabis use-MH data are consistent with causal relationships in the forward direction and include dose-response and temporal-sequential relationships. Together with similar international reports and numerous mechanistic studies preventative action to reduce cannabis use is indicated.

scholarly journals The DELTA® nursing measure: Its development and testing for nursing utility

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik J. Loubser ◽  
Judith C. Bruce ◽  
Daleen Casteleijn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Care Plans

In the specialised nursing field of acute mental illness nurses expressed a need to measure and evaluate their patients’ mental-health outcomes both empirically and routinely. The aim was to develop and test a measurement tool, named the DELTA nursing measure, which could be embedded routinely into the nursing process and care plans, enabling the psychiatric nurses to score and evaluate their patients’ acute mental-health outcomes. A qualitative, exploratory study design was used to address two sequential objectives. Firstly, qualitative data that described observable behaviours in patients with acute mental illness were collected from psychiatric nurses (n = 5) who were experienced in acute mental healthcare. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis techniques to design and construct the DELTA nursing measure. In the second objective, the nursing utility of the DELTA nursing measure was studied. This was done by training and testing a new team of psychiatric nurses (n = 25) working in a 116-bed acute psychiatric hospital, in the application of the DELTA nursing measure. After 30 months a focus group (n = 6) representing this team was held to explore their perceptions and experiences of the nursing utility of the newly-developed measure. The descriptive data were analysed using deductive content analysis techniques. The outcome of the DELTA nursing measure as a routine nursing measure of acute mental illness provided good results. The nursing-utility characteristics have confirmed positive responses with regard to its acceptance, usefulness and confidence as a worthwhile tool to be used in expediting nursing services in acute mental healthcare. The positive responses to the DELTA nursing measure are noteworthy. It has the potential to add substantial value to the mental health care field in nursing by adding a measurable dimension to patient outcomes, a much needed requirement by patients, multidisciplinary teams and healthcare funders.In die gespesialiseerde verplegingsveld van akute psigiatrie het verpleegkundiges ’n behoefte uitgespreek om roetineweg pasiënte se geestesgesondheidsuitkomste empiries te meet en te evalueer. Die doel van die studie was om ’n meetinstrument, genoemd die ‘DELTA nursing measure’, te ontwikkel en toets wat ingebed kan word in die verplegingsproses en versorgingsplan en wat psigiatriese verpleegkundiges in staat kan stel om roetine-weg die pasiënte se akute geestesgesondheidsuitkomste te meet en te evalueer. ’n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe studie ontwerp is gebruik om twee opeenvolgende doelwitte aan te spreek. Eerstens is kwalitatiewe data wat observeerbare gedrag in pasiënte met akute geestessiektes beskryf ingesamel van psigiatriese verpleegkundiges (n = 5) wat ervaring het in akute geestesgesondheidsorg. Die data is geanaliseer met induktiewe inhouds analiese tegnieke om die ontwerp en konstruksie van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ te bewerkstellig. In die tweede doelwit was die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ se bruikbaarheid vir verpleging bestudeer. Om dit te doen was ’n nuwe span psigiatriese verpleegkundiges (n = 25) wat werksaam was in ’n 116-bed akute psigiatriese hospitaal opgelei en getoets in die gebruik van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’. Na 30 maande is ’n fokusgroep (n = 6) gehou wat verteenwoordigend was van die span om hulle persepsies en ervarings van die nuut-ontwikkelde meetskaal se bruikbaarheid te eksploreer. Beskrywende data is met behulp van deduktiewe inhouds tegnieke geanaliseer. Die uitkoms van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ as ’n routine verplegingmeetskaal vir die bepaling van akuutheid in psigiatrie het baie goeie resultate opgelewer. Die bruikbaarheidseienskappe het positiewe response bevestig dat aanvaarding, betroubaarheid en vertroue bereik is en dat dit ’n nuttige instrument is om die verplegingsdiens te bevorder. Die positiewe response op die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ is merkwaardig. Dit het die potensiaal om ’n betekenisvolle bydrae te lewer tot die psigiatriese verplegingsveld omdat dit ’n meetbare dimensie toevoeg tot pasient uitkomste, ’n hoogs-benodigde vereiste van pasiënte, multidissiplinêre spanne en gesondheidsorgbefondsers.

Children of Parents with a Mental Illness — The COPMI Project

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact

When adults experience mental health problems, the effect on their family members can be immense. The impact on the person's children, both of the parent's behaviour and of their treatment, can be profound but is frequently overlooked by service providers for a range of reasons. The current national COPMI project has been initiated to promote better mental health outcomes for children of parents with a mental illness, especially by providing information and good practice guidance for services and people in the community who work with these families and their children.

Prenatal alcohol exposure and developmental programming of mental illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Burgess ◽  
Karen M. Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

AbstractIt is well established that high-dose alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases the risk for a plethora of adverse offspring outcomes. These include neurodevelopmental, cognitive and social deficits, as well as psychiatric illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. However, much less evidence is available on the effects of low- and early-dose alcohol exposure on mental health outcomes, regardless of the accumulating evidence that mental health outcomes should be considered in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. This review will discuss the evidence that indicates low-dose and early prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of mental illness in offspring and discuss the mechanistic pathways that may be involved.

scholarly journals Surviving SARS and living through COVID-19: Healthcare worker mental health outcomes and insights for coping

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258893
Author(s):  
Rima Styra ◽  
Laura Hawryluck ◽  
Allison Mc Geer ◽  
Michelle Dimas ◽  
Jack Sheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Patient Health

Objective Explore how previous work during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak affects the psychological response of clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers (HCWs) to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional, multi-centered hospital online survey of HCWs in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Mental health outcomes of HCWs who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic and the SARS outbreak were assessed using Impact of Events—Revised scale (IES-R), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Among 3852 participants, moderate/severe scores for symptoms of post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (50.2%), anxiety (24.6%), and depression (31.5%) were observed among HCWs. Work during the 2003 SARS outbreak was reported by 1116 respondents (29.1%), who had lower scores for symptoms of PTSD (P = .002), anxiety (P < .001), and depression (P < .001) compared to those who had not worked during the SARS outbreak. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed non-clinical HCWs during this pandemic were at higher risk of anxiety (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19–2.15, P = .01) and depressive symptoms (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.34–3.07, P < .001). HCWs using sedatives (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.61–4.03, P < .001), those who cared for only 2–5 patients with COVID-19 (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06–2.38, P = .01), and those who had been in isolation for COVID-19 (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.96–1.93, P = .05), were at higher risk of moderate/severe symptoms of PTSD. In addition, deterioration in sleep was associated with symptoms of PTSD (OR, 4.68, 95% CI, 3.74–6.30, P < .001), anxiety (OR, 3.09, 95% CI, 2.11–4.53, P < .001), and depression (OR 5.07, 95% CI, 3.48–7.39, P < .001). Conclusion Psychological distress was observed in both clinical and non-clinical HCWs, with no impact from previous SARS work experience. As the pandemic continues, increasing psychological and team support may decrease the mental health impacts.

scholarly journals Assessing mental health outcomes for residents of supported accommodation services

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Sims ◽  
Fernando Lima ◽  
Michael Moltoni ◽  
Amanda Harrison ◽  
Rebecca Glauert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Supported Accommodation ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT ObjectivesSupported accommodation services provide housing for people with a severe and persistent mental illness; people who are homeless, at risk of homelessness, in unsuitable accommodation, or residing for long periods in inpatient units. The aim of this research is to examine the extent to which supported accommodation impacts on levels and costs of hospitalisation, utilisation of community based clinical services and mental health outcomes of present and past residents. ApproachThe research will make use of demographic data from supported accommodation services and Western Australian (WA) linked data from existing health data collections by the Data Linkage Branch WA Health. The data linkage methodology used involves the linking and analysis of data between 1997 and 2013 from a diverse number of datasets (Hospital Morbidity data, Mental Health Ambulatory data, Emergency data, Mortality data and Hospital Cost data). The impact of supported accommodation on individuals was measured by tracking any changes in their service utilisation levels and associated hospital costs savings. This allowed us to determine the efficacy of supported accommodation services through time series and control group comparative analysis. ResultsPeople with severe or persistent mental illness who reside in supported accommodation services are more likely to maintain or improve their quality of life and mental health outcomes compared to those who have never entered supported accommodation. Individuals who utilised these services also experienced reduced hospitalizations after the service than before. Cost implications will also be discussed. Conclusions No significant research into the effectiveness of supported accommodation on mental health outcomes for individuals has been conducted in WA to date. Supported accommodation provides people with severe and persistent mental illness, along with their families, carers and supporters, more security and control over their lives, and improved access to appropriate supports and clinical services. This research will support these strategic directions by providing evidence about the effectiveness of supported accommodation options in terms of improving mental health outcomes for individuals.

scholarly journals Occupational Disruptions during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9263
Author(s):  
Natasha Smallwood ◽  
Amy Pascoe ◽  
Leila Karimi ◽  
Marie Bismark ◽  
Karen Willis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has caused prolonged and extreme demands on healthcare services. This study investigates the types and prevalence of occupational disruptions, and associated symptoms of mental illness, among Australian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 27 August and 23 October 2020. Frontline healthcare workers were invited to participate via dissemination from major health organisations, professional associations or colleges, universities, government contacts, and national media. Data were collected on demographics, home and work situations, and validated scales of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and burnout. Results: Complete responses were received from 7846 healthcare workers (82.4%). Most respondents were female (80.9%) and resided in the Australian state of Victoria (85.2%). Changes to working conditions were common, with 48.5% reporting altered paid or unpaid hours, and many redeployed (16.8%) or changing work roles (27.3%). Nearly a third (30.8%) had experienced a reduction in household income during the pandemic. Symptoms of mental illness were common, being present in 62.1% of participants. Many respondents felt well supported by their workplaces (68.3%) and believed that workplace communication was timely and useful (74.4%). Participants who felt well supported by their organisation had approximately half the risk of experiencing moderate to severe anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD. Half (50.4%) of respondents indicated a need for additional training in using personal protective equipment and/or caring for patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: Occupational disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred commonly in health organisations and were associated with worse mental health outcomes in the Australian health workforce. Feeling well supported was associated with significantly fewer adverse mental health outcomes. Crisis preparedness focusing on the provision of timely and useful communication and support is essential in current and future crises.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document