scholarly journals Health Care Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions Under the Climate of COVID-19: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Aliyu Aliyu ◽  
Mark Evans ◽  
Cunjin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Information ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND COVID-19 has challenged the resilience of the health care information system, which has affected our ability to achieve the global goal of health and well-being. The pandemic has resulted in a number of recent cyberattacks on hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the World Health Organization and its partners, and others. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to identify key cybersecurity challenges, solutions adapted by the health sector, and areas of improvement needed to counteract the recent increases in cyberattacks (eg, phishing campaigns and ransomware attacks), which have been used by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in technology and people introduced through changes to working practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A scoping review was conducted by searching two major scientific databases (PubMed and Scopus) using the search formula “(covid OR healthcare) AND cybersecurity.” Reports, news articles, and industry white papers were also included if they were related directly to previously published works, or if they were the only available sources at the time of writing. Only articles in English published in the last decade were included (ie, 2011-2020) in order to focus on current issues, challenges, and solutions. RESULTS We identified 9 main challenges in cybersecurity, 11 key solutions that health care organizations adapted to address these challenges, and 4 key areas that need to be strengthened in terms of cybersecurity capacity in the health sector. We also found that the most prominent and significant methods of cyberattacks that occurred during the pandemic were related to phishing, ransomware, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and malware. CONCLUSIONS  This scoping review identified the most impactful methods of cyberattacks that targeted the health sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the challenges in cybersecurity, solutions, and areas in need of improvement. We provided useful insights to the health sector on cybersecurity issues during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other epidemics or pandemics that may materialize in the future. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Health Care Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions Under the Climate of COVID-19: Scoping Review

10.2196/21747 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. e21747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Aliyu Aliyu ◽  
Mark Evans ◽  
Cunjin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Information ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Health Organization

Background COVID-19 has challenged the resilience of the health care information system, which has affected our ability to achieve the global goal of health and well-being. The pandemic has resulted in a number of recent cyberattacks on hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the World Health Organization and its partners, and others. Objective The aim of this review was to identify key cybersecurity challenges, solutions adapted by the health sector, and areas of improvement needed to counteract the recent increases in cyberattacks (eg, phishing campaigns and ransomware attacks), which have been used by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in technology and people introduced through changes to working practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching two major scientific databases (PubMed and Scopus) using the search formula “(covid OR healthcare) AND cybersecurity.” Reports, news articles, and industry white papers were also included if they were related directly to previously published works, or if they were the only available sources at the time of writing. Only articles in English published in the last decade were included (ie, 2011-2020) in order to focus on current issues, challenges, and solutions. Results We identified 9 main challenges in cybersecurity, 11 key solutions that health care organizations adapted to address these challenges, and 4 key areas that need to be strengthened in terms of cybersecurity capacity in the health sector. We also found that the most prominent and significant methods of cyberattacks that occurred during the pandemic were related to phishing, ransomware, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and malware. Conclusions  This scoping review identified the most impactful methods of cyberattacks that targeted the health sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the challenges in cybersecurity, solutions, and areas in need of improvement. We provided useful insights to the health sector on cybersecurity issues during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other epidemics or pandemics that may materialize in the future.

Violence and Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo ◽  
Saul Franco
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Trauma ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Violence is a problem that accompanies the trajectory of humanity, but it presents itself in different ways in each society and throughout its historical development. Despite having different meanings according to the field of knowledge from which it is addressed and the institutions that tackle it, there are some common elements in the definition of this phenomenon. It is acknowledged as the intentional use of force and power by individuals, groups, classes, or countries to impose themselves on others, causing harm and limiting or denying rights. Its most frequent and visible forms include homicides, suicides, war, and terrorism, but violence is also articulated and manifested in less visible forms, such as gender violence, domestic violence, and enforced disappearances. Although attention to the consequences of different forms of violence has always been part of health services, its formal and global inclusion in health sector policies and guidelines is very recent. It was only in 1996 that the World Health Organization acknowledged it as a priority in the health programs of all countries. Violence affects individual and collective health; causes deaths, injuries, and physical and mental trauma; decreases the quality of life; and impairs the well-being of people, communities, and nations. At the same time, violence poses problems for health researchers trying to understand the complexity of its causes, its dynamics, and the different ways of dealing with it. It also poses serious challenges to health systems and services for the care of victims and perpetrators and the formulation of interdisciplinary, multi-professional, inter-sectoral, and socially articulated confrontation and prevention policies and programs.

A Review of Data on the U.S. Health Sector Fall 2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Ida Hellander
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Care Information ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

This report presents information on the state of U.S. health care in mid-2002. It provides data on the uninsured and underinsured and their difficulties in finding health care; the increasing costs of care; health, social, and economic inequalities; and the role of corporate money in health care. Information is also presented on mental health care, the hospital and pharmaceutical industries, Medicare HMOs, and the state of nursing. The author then provides updates on Congressional activity and the results of polls on matters of health, and some data on health care systems elsewhere in the world.

Syrian Refugees in Canada: Clinical Experience in Mental Health Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S620-S620
Author(s):  
K. Bazaid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Idioms Of Distress ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Health Organization

War is the most serious of all threats to health (World Health Organization, 1982) and can have severe and lasting impacts on mental health. Forced displacement and migration generate risks to mental well-being, which can result in psychiatric illness. Yet, the majority of refugees do not develop psychopathology. Rather, they demonstrate resilience in the face of tremendous adversity. The influx of Syrian refugees to Canada poses challenges to the health care system. We will present our experience to date in the Ottawa region, including a multisector collaborative effort to provide settlement and health services to newly arriving refugees from the Middle East and elsewhere. The workshop will be brought to life by engaging with clinical cases and public health scenarios that present real world clinical challenges to the provision of mental health care for refugees.Objectives(1) Understand the predicament of refugees including risks to mental health, coping strategies and mental health consequences, (2) know the evidence for the emergence of mental illness in refugees and the effectiveness of multi-level interventions, (3) become familiar with published guidelines and gain a working knowledge of assessment and management of psychiatric conditions in refugee populations and cultural idioms of distress.How will the participants receive feedback about their learning? Participants will have direct feedback through answers to questions. The authors welcome subsequent communication by email. Presenters can give attendants handouts on pertinent and concise information linked to the workshop.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effective Factors on Implementation of World Health Organization Package of Essential Non communicable Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low Resource Settings: A Scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Aminpour ◽  
Aidin Aryankhesal ◽  
Nasrin Seyfori
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background/objective: Due to the widespread prevalence of non-communicable diseases, the World Health Organization has designed a package of essential interventions for non-communicable diseases for primary health care in low-resource settings. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the implementation of the WHO PEN for primary health care in low-resource settings. Materials and Methods This research was conducted through a five-step process of scoping review. We first searched for the keywords Noncommunicable Diseases, NCD, WHO PEN, PEN and other synonyms for these words to find the suitable analytical studies in databases including PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar. The articles were then selected based on the PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram. Finally, to analyze the content from the results section of the selected articles, we used the framework analysis method to extract the study implementation outcome and the factors affecting it. Results A total of 26 articles were included. Most articles are from 2016 to 2018. Most of the articles were cross-sectional and most studies evaluated the outcomes of Appropriateness and Feasibility. Identified effective factors include target population coverage, staff training, patient motivation, patient follow-up, and observance of PEN protocols. Conclusion Using this study, policymakers and managers of the health system will be able to implement this package (WHO PEN) more successfully.

scholarly journals Prescription of Antimicrobials in Primary Health Care: Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Herica Emilia Félix Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Schneider ◽  
Aires Garcia dos Santos Junior ◽  
Odinéa Maria Amorim Batista ◽  
Jose Mondlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To map the available evidence about the prescription of antimicrobials in Primary Health Care. Methods: A Scoping Review has been proposed based on the procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: This review included a total of 16 studies. The articles compiled demonstrated that this theme is the center of discussion, in a linear manner, over the past 12 years. Among the studies, 37.5% occurred in Brazil, and regarding the prescription of antimicrobials analyzed in studies, amoxicillin was the most prescribed, the physician was the prescribing professional in 12 studies, and the prescriptions were mostly intended for the general population (children, adolescents, adults and the elderly). Conclusion: This review ratifies the premise of rational use of antimicrobials promoted by the World Health Organization through the goals of sustainable development when understanding that these drugs have been considerably prescribed in the daily routine of Primary Health Care and there is no specific system to control and monitor their rational use.

scholarly journals The Holistic Health Status of Chinese Homosexual and Bisexual Adults: A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchan Wu ◽  
Edmond Pui Hang Choi ◽  
Pui Hing Chau ◽  
Kitty Wai Ying Choi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Holistic Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: There is a considerable number of homosexual and bisexual people in the Chinese population, while their health conditions have not received sufficient attention compared with general Chinese. Referring to World Health Organization (WHO)’s definition, holistic health is a comprehensive concept incorporating physical, mental, and social well-being. However, existing research seems inadequate and unbalanced on the holistic health of this population, especially many studies only focus on sexually transmitted infections (STI) and relating preventions. Apart from these, the health status of these sexual minorities from a holistic perspective remains unclear. Therefore, this scoping review aims to comprehensively examine all available literature and will be the first to map the existing evidence on the holistic health of homosexual and bisexual Chinese.Methods: This proposed scoping review has been structured according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommended framework, which was proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and further enhanced by Levac, et al. Pilot searches of PubMed in English and SinoMed in Chinese were completed to identify all relevant search terms or keywords, then a comprehensive search strategy has been carried out across all relevant databases centering on health care, psychology, nursing and social science, including both English and traditional as well as simplified Chinese electronic databases. Screening and study selection will be independently conducted by two reviewers, and consulting a third senior reviewer based on consensus needs. Data will be extracted using a structured data form referring to the Cochrane template, and a narrative synthesis of the findings will be used.Discussion: There is no systematically reviewed evidence available or underway review on the holistic health of either homosexual or bisexual Chinese, so this scoping review will serve as a most comprehensive way to map the existing evidence and draw a big picture of their health conditions. Results of this review can be used to inform scholars of existing health issues and other major needs, then to provide scientific references for the development of person-centered culturally sensitive programs with Chinese characteristics.Systematic review registration: This protocol has been registered within Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/82r7z) on April 27, 2020.

scholarly journals Are we teaching patient safety to our academics?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Aniz Kassis Neto ◽  
Juliane Bibiano Ferreira ◽  
Rôksanny Carneiro Carrijo ◽  
Emerson Roberto Dos Santos ◽  
Patrícia da Silva Fucuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Care Field ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Development

Nowadays, one of the biggest concerns in the health care field is centered on patient safety with a primary focus on the errors of the medical team. In 2009, WHO created a guide for universities aimed at patient safety in which it suggests new ways of approaching patients, thus improving the quality of trained professionals and dramatically reducing adverse events. There is a consensus that there is a restructuring of a system that currently presents serious failures that result in permanent harm to the objective of the medical team, which is the well-being of the patient, as well as an efficient inspection of the Decree Number 529/13 in Brazilian universities. It is in this context that the present work proposes to highlight the gap currently existing in Brazilian universities, based on the sampling of one of them, located in the countryside of São Paulo. Prospective intervention study using a quantitative and qualitative methodology, carried out in two stages: analysis of teaching plans and application of the quantitative and qualitative perception instrument to professors. Was not found in the teaching plans of the modules of the medical course at Universidade Brasil the concept of patient safety. Semi-structured questionnaire was answered by 47 teachers, 11 (23.4%) of the basic cycle and 36 (76.6%) of the clinical cycle and internship. Professors at Universidade Brasil consider that the themes are extensivily addressed in their classes, although they are not described in most of the modules' teaching plans. Medical education in Brazil needs a qualitative leap, and that leap is certainly in the area of patient safety.  In the context of implementation, the multiprofessional edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) patient safety curriculum guide can be used as guidance and a current and very promising development in relation to the acquisition and examination of the skills necessary for safe care for the patient is the establishment of interprofessional training wards. Considering that medical students are the future driving force of change in health care, it is necessary to encourage quality improvement and patient safety education to offer the patient-centered. The graduation, at any time and since day one, is the moment of formation, therefore favorable to the teaching of this topic for students in the health care field, and all teachers should be involved with these contents. 

ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS, FACULTY, OTHER HEALTH CARE WORKERS REGARDING COVID-19 ILLNESS AND DEATH IN SHKM GOVT. MEDICAL COLLEGE AND CAMPUS AREA, NALHAR, NUH.

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Ruchir Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Dar ◽  
Shipra Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 also known as COVID-19 is an aggressively expanding pandemic caused by a novel human coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) previously known as 2019-nCov. The WHO (World Health Organization) declared the corona virus outbreak 2019- 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and on 11 March 2020 WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This led to mass panic and anxiety. Without the proper knowledge of the disease, there are many misconceptions and stigmas about the pandemic even with the implementation of awareness programs. This study attempts to assess the knowledge and awareness level of people engaged in the health sector in India about the COVID-19 disease. AIM:To assess the awareness among the students, faculty and other health care workers about the basic knowledge of the COVID-19 disease. METHODOLOGY:Across sectional study was conducted among 558 Subjects in which faculty were 72, students were 298 and other health care workers were 191 of SHKM Govt. Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh. They will all be given questionnaires regarding the basic details of COVID-19, handling of COVID-19 dead bodies and autopsies of COVID-19 dead bodies. RESULT: In our study most participants acknowledge that they know about COVID-19 (98.92%) and it is a virus (99.46%). Also wearing a mask (98.39%), hand washing and social distancing (100.00)%,staying mostly indoors, not eating outside (78.67%), following all Government guidelines (65.80%), and eating good immunity (100.00%) food can prevent COVID-19. Most Participants have good knowledge regarding COVID-19 dead body autopsy also like whether to do autopsy in non-medicolegal cases (97.85%), risk from doing autopsy (100%). Very few participants know how to transport (0.54%) COVID-19 dead bodies though most know guidelines regarding COVID-19 dead bodies cremation (93.55%). CONCLUSION: There is a need for improvement in understanding of handling and autopsies of COVID-19 dead bodies. Regular awareness programs regarding basic knowledge of COVID-19 disease, handling and autopsies of COVID-19 dead bodies should be conducted.

scholarly journals Power of Connections: How a Novel Canadian Men’s Wellness Program is Improving the Health and Well-Being of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Iloradanon Efimoff ◽  
Lyana Patrick ◽  
Viviane Josewski ◽  
Paul Gross ◽  
Sandy Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Health Care Information ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Care Information ◽  
Health And Well Being

The DUDES Club is a novel men’s health and wellness organization founded in 2010 in Vancouver, BC. Since 2017, the DUDES Club has rapidly expanded in Northern BC and, with the help of a partnership with the First Nations Health Authority, has grown to include 40 sites in British Columbia and 2 sites nationally. In this study, we analyze interviews (n = 5) and 15 focus groups (n = 101) conducted as part of a program evaluation with DUDES Club members, Elders, providers, and health care professionals. We focus on men’s experiences with the DUDES Club to identify four main themes in the data: brotherhood and community, accessible health care information, disrupting colonial constructions of masculinity, and systemic and structural challenges. We conclude with policy recommendations.

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