The use of short message service and an online survey to recruit low back pain patients and collect outcomes in the emergency department: Observational study (Preprint)
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a frequent reason for emergency department (ED) presentations with a global prevalence of 4.4%. Despite being common, the number of clinical trials investigating LBP in the ED is low. Recruitment of patients in EDs can be challenging due to the fast-paced and demanding ED environment. OBJECTIVE To describe the recruitment and response rates using a short message service (SMS) and an online survey system supplemented by telephone calls to recruit LBP patients and collect health outcomes in the ED. METHODS An automated SMS system was integrated into REDCap and used to collect patient-reported outcomes for an implementation trial in Sydney, Australia. We invited patients with non-serious LBP who presented to participating EDs at one, two and four weeks after ED discharge. Patients who did not respond to the initial SMS invitation were sent a reminder SMS or contacted via telephone. Recruitment rate was measured as the proportion of patients who agreed to participate and response rate as the proportion of participants completing the follow-up surveys at weeks two and four. Regression analyses were used to explore factors associated with response rates. RESULTS In total, 807 patients with non-serious LBP were invited to participate and 425 (53%) agreed to participate. The week-1 survey was completed by 416 (52%) participants. At week-2, the response rate was 87% (360/416) and at week-4 was 84% (351/416). Overall, 60% of the surveys were completed via SMS/online and 40% via telephone. Younger participants and those from less socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were more likely to respond to the survey via the SMS/online system. CONCLUSIONS Using an SMS/online survey system supplemented by telephone calls is a viable method to recruit patients with LBP and collect health outcomes in the ED. This hybrid system could potentially reduce the costs of using traditional recruitment and data collection methods (e.g. face-to-face, telephone calls only). CLINICALTRIAL