Traditional Chinese Medicine Traceability System Based on Sharding Blockchain (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuan Xiao ◽  
Lai Wang ◽  
Yimo Chen ◽  
Jiaming Hong ◽  
Honglai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Storage Overhead ◽  
Traditional Drug

UNSTRUCTURED Abstract: Nowadays, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) safety issues have attracted attention from both industry and academia. Counterfeit drugs not only have a serious harmful impact on human health but also cause heavy economic loss to the industry. Establishing a reliable drug traceability system to prevent fake drugs’ safety issues is necessary. Most traditional drug traceability systems are centralized, which leads to data privacy, transparency, and data tampering. Blockchain, a promising technology for decentralization, tamper-resistant and privacy-preserving, provides a basis for the complete traceability of drugs. However, blockchain also has some issues such as high computation overhead, storage overhead, limited scalability, and low transaction throughput. Sharding has emerged as a well approach that can overcome the above issues in blockchain. Sharding is dividing the network into multiple smaller groups, these smaller groups can work in parallel on disjoint transactions. In this paper, we propose a lightweight blockchain architecture based on sharding to solve the above issues in TCM traceability system (LBS-TCM). Our architecture consists of two blockchains, namely: leader shard blockchain and sub shard blockchain. The leader shard blockchain saves all states and processes cross-shard transactions. The sub shard blockchain deals with transactions within shards. LBS-TCM also supports state sharding, transaction sharding, and ledger pruning. Our empirical evaluations suggest that our proposed architecture can process more than 1500 tx/sec in a network of 2048 nodes and 64 shards. The storage overhead of each node decreases linearly.

scholarly journals Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Traceability System Based on Lightweight Blockchain (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengfei Wang ◽  
Lai Wang ◽  
Fu'an Xiao Xiao ◽  
Qingsong Chen ◽  
Liming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Block Chain

UNSTRUCTURED Recently, the problem of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) safety has attracted the whole society’s attention. In order to prevent fake drugs from spread, it is necessary to establish drug traceability system. The traditional drug traceability system can record the whole circulation process of drugs from planting, production, processing and warehousing from hospitals to patients. Once fake drugs are found, they can be traced back to the source. However, there are some drawbacks in the traditional drug traceability system, such as failing to prevent tampering and causing sensitive disclosure easily. Although blockchain (including Bitcoin and Ethernet Square) is an effective technology to solve traditional drug traceability system’s problems. However, some risks makes it less reliable for blockchain such as information explosion, sensitive information leakage and poor scalability. To avoid these application risks, we propose a kind of lightweight block chain framework.This framework performed both horizontal and vertical segmentations in designing the blocks, and provided effective strategies for both segmentions, respectively. For horizontal segmentation operations, the header and body of the blockchain are separated and stored in the blockchain, and the body is stored in the IPFS (Inter Planetary File System). For vertical segmentation operations, block chain is cut off according to time or size. For new blocks’ addition, miners only need to copy the latest part of the blockchain and append the tail and vertical segmentation of the block through the consensus mechanism. Our proposed framework could greatly reduce the size of the blockchain, and improve the verification efficiency. Experimental results show that the efficiency improves when a new block is added to the blockchain and conducting search compared with Ethernet.

Intestinal Flora: A Pivotal Role in Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Jingjie Niu ◽  
Yanping Sun ◽  
Qiuhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
The Core ◽  
Host Health

Intestinal flora is essential for maintaining host health and plays a unique role in transforming Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as a bodyguard, has saved countless lives and maintained human health in the long history, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic. Pains of diseases have been removed from the effective TCM therapy, such as TCM preparation, moxibustion, and acupuncture. With the development of life science and technology, the wisdom and foresight of TCM has been more displayed. Furthermore, TCM has been also inherited and developed in innovation to better realize the modernization and globalization. Nowadays, intestinal flora transforming TCM and TCM targeted intestinal flora treating diseases have been important findings in life science. More and more TCM researches showed the significance of intestinal flora. Intestinal flora is also a way to study TCM to elucidate the profound theory of TCM. Processing, compatibility, and properties of TCM are well demonstrated by intestinal flora. Thus, it is no doubt that intestinal flora is a core in TCM study. The interaction between intestinal flora and TCM is so crucial for host health. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the latest results in time. This paper systematically depicted the profile of TCM and the importance of intestinal flora in host. What is more, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the latest progress of the interplay between TCM and intestinal flora to better reveal the core connotation of TCM.

scholarly journals donkey skin trade: a growing global problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e175262
Author(s):  
Laura Skippen ◽  
Jonathan Collier ◽  
James Mutiiria Kithuka
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Vulnerable People

Growing demand for ejiao – gelatin produced from donkey skin and used in Traditional Chinese Medicine – is putting global donkey populations at risk and threatening the livelihoods of millions of people that depend on them in lower and middle-income countries. Hundreds of thousands of donkeys are slaughtered for their skins and exported annually, mostly from Africa to China. However, the trade is spreading across the globe, including Brazil. This article highlights the appalling welfare conditions for donkeys caught up in both the legal and illegal trade, as well as the effects on vulnerable people and the potential for disease spread and hazards to human health.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Network Pharmacology in Cardiovascular Precision Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Jia-qi Li ◽  
Xue-mei Qin ◽  
Jian-song Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

: Cardiovascular disease is a major disease affecting human health, and its pathogenesis is caused by many factors. Through the use of "omics" technology, precision medicine is playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Dialectical treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM）will result in personalized treatment, which is consistent with precision medicine to a certain extent. However, due to the multitarget, multipath, and multistep characteristics of TCM, its mechanism of action is not easy to elucidate. Network pharmacology can be used to predict the mechanism, toxicity and metabolic characteristics of TCM. This review summarizes commonly used bioinformatics resources for cardiovascular diseases and TCM, as well as the opportunities and challenges of TCM in cardiovascular precision medicine, with special emphasis on network pharmacology methods.

scholarly journals Quality Traceability System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Two Dimensional Barcode Using Mobile Intelligent Technology

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0165263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Cai ◽  
Xiwen Li ◽  
Runmiao Wang ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Intelligent Technology

scholarly journals Mechanism of Chinese Medicinal-Medicated Leaven for Preventing and Treating Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases

Digestion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Xin Fu ◽  
Qiuhong Wang ◽  
Haixue Kuang ◽  
Jiang Pinghui
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Human Immunity

In recent times, there has been an increased attention on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases, with GIT diseases becoming one of the greatest crises to human health. In China, traditional Chinese medicine, Medicated leaven (ML), has been applied to treat gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. However, its mechanism remains unclear till date. Here we review both the antibacterial and antiviral effects of ML, the mechanisms for improving human immunity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the role of digestive function, and the role of its secondary metabolite. ML may be a new hope for GIT diseases.

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