scholarly journals Evaluation of a Digital Handheld Hydrogen Breath Monitor to Diagnose Lactose Malabsorption: Interventional Crossover Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C Mathews ◽  
Sandy Templeton ◽  
Stephanie K Taylor ◽  
Sten Harris ◽  
Margaret Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Lactose Malabsorption ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symptom Recall

BACKGROUND Lactose malabsorption is a common condition that affects a broad segment of the population. Clinical diagnosis based on symptom recall can be unreliable and conventional testing can be inconvenient, requiring expensive laboratory-based equipment and conduction of the testing in a clinical setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a digital handheld hydrogen breath monitor (GIMate) in diagnosing lactose malabsorption compared to a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–cleared device (H2 Check) for the same indication. METHODS An interventional crossover study was performed in adult participants with a prior confirmed diagnosis of lactose malabsorption or a suspected history of lactose intolerance. RESULTS A total of 31 participants (mean age 33.9 years) were enrolled in the study. There was 100% positive percent agreement and 100% negative percent agreement between the GIMate monitor and the H2 Check. Correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and hydrogen values was positive at 0.82 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS The digital handheld GIMate breath monitor achieved equivalent diagnostic performance to that of an FDA-cleared device in the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04754724; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04754724

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Eosinophilic Infiltration with Endoscopic and Histological Findings Consistent with Eosinophilic Gastritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 652-656
Author(s):  
Kazuki Yamamoto ◽  
Takeshi Okamoto ◽  
Katsuyuki Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eosinophilic Infiltration ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Medical Checkup ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Eosinophilic Gastritis ◽  
History Of

Eosinophilic gastritis often presents with gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of abnormal endoscopic findings. On the other hand, endoscopic changes due to eosinophilic infiltration in an asymptomatic patient are rare. A 29-year-old woman with a history of asthma on steroid inhalers presented for an annual medical checkup. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed diffuse white granular patches in the body of the stomach, suggestive of eosinophilic gastritis. Histology showed over 100 eosinophils per high-power field, also consistent with eosinophilic gastritis. As the absence of symptoms precluded the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis, the patient was diagnosed with asymptomatic eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach.

scholarly journals An engineered genetic circuit for lactose intolerance alleviation

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Cheng ◽  
Zhangyu Cheng ◽  
Yiyan Yu ◽  
Wangjie Liu ◽  
Ruihao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Genetic Circuit ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Lactose Malabsorption ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Switch Circuit ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Lactose malabsorption occurs in around 68% of the world’s population, causing lactose intolerance (LI) symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. To alleviate LI, previous studies have mainly focused on strengthening intestinal β-galactosidase activity while neglecting the inconspicuous drop in the colon pH caused by the fermentation of non-hydrolyzed lactose by the gut microbes. A drop in colon pH will reduce the intestinal β-galactosidase activity and influence intestinal homeostasis. Results Here, we synthesized a tri-stable-switch circuit equipped with high β-galactosidase activity and pH rescue ability. This circuit can switch in functionality between the expression of β-galactosidase and expression of L-lactate dehydrogenase in response to an intestinal lactose signal and intestinal pH signal, respectively. We confirmed that the circuit functionality was efficient in bacterial cultures at a range of pH levels, and in preventing a drop in pH and β-galactosidase activity after lactose administration to mice. An impact of the circuit on gut microbiota composition was also indicated. Conclusions Due to its ability to flexibly adapt to environmental variation, in particular to stabilize colon pH and maintain β-galactosidase activity after lactose influx, the tri-stable-switch circuit can serve as a promising prototype for the relief of lactose intolerance.

A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Single‐Dose, Crossover Study to Demonstrate the Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Albiglutide in Healthy Adult Participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie C. Shaddinger ◽  
Georgios Vlasakakis ◽  
Joseph Soffer ◽  
Karl M. Thorpe ◽  
Daniel Hatch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adult Participants

scholarly journals Metastatic Melanoma Presenting as Intussusception in an 80-Year-Old Man: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Alghamdi ◽  
Yumna Omarzai
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncommon Neoplasm

Malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon neoplasm that could be primary or metastatic. Small intestine represents the most common site for the metastatic melanoma; however, it could be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults compared to children. In 90% of the cases, the underlying cause can be found, and in 65% of the cases, intussusception is caused by the neoplastic process. The majority of the neoplasms are benign, and about 15% are malignant. Metastatic melanoma is one of the most common metastatic malignancies to the gastrointestinal tract; however, the premortem diagnosis is rarely made. Here, we report an uncommon clinical presentation of metastatic melanoma causing intussusception in an 80-year-old man. This diagnosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis in any patient who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of melanoma.

scholarly journals Acute Iodine Toxicity from a Suspected Oral Methamphetamine Ingestion

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CCRep.S20086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn N. Bulloch
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Methamphetamine Abuse ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Iodine Toxicity

Background Iodine is a naturally occurring element commercially available alone or in a multitude of products. Iodine crystals and iodine tincture are used in the production of methamphetamine. Although rarely fatal, iodine toxicity from oral ingestion can produce distressing gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic symptoms, such as hypotension and tachycardia, from subsequent hypovolemia. Objective The objective of this case report is to describe a case of iodine toxicity from suspected oral methamphetamine ingestion. Case Report A male in his early 20′s presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, chills, fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea after orally ingesting a substance suspected to be methamphetamine. The patient had elevated levels of serum creatinine, liver function tests, and bands on arrival, which returned to within normal limits by day 4 of admission. Based on the patient's narrow anion gap, halogen levels were ordered on day 3 and indicated iodine toxicity. This is thought to be the first documented case of iodine toxicity secondary to suspected oral methamphetamine abuse. Conclusion Considering that the incidence of methamphetamine abuse is expected to continue to rise, clinicians should be aware of potential iodine toxicity in a patient with a history of methamphetamine abuse.

Sa1064 Computer Automated Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (AEGIS) Outperforms Physician-Documented History of Presenting Illness (HPI): Results of a Blinded Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-189
Author(s):  
Christopher V. Almario ◽  
William D. Chey ◽  
Aung Kaung ◽  
Cynthia B. Whitman ◽  
Garth Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Automated Evaluation ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The management of upper gastrointestinal symptoms: A study on community pharmacies in Italy

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409
Author(s):  
Enrico Keber ◽  
Paolo Rocco ◽  
Umberto M. Musazzi ◽  
Antonio M. Morselli-Labate ◽  
Nicolina P. Floris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are usual complaints among patients presenting to Italian community pharmacies. However, information on treatment history of those patients is often lacking. This descriptive, cross-sectional study aims at exploring the medication history of individuals with upper GI tract symptoms visiting one of the 20 enrolled community pharmacies, over a period of 7 months, based on the administration of a questionnaire. Of 1,020 interviewees, 62.1% had asked for a medical consultation. The most frequent symptom was epigastric burning (31.8%), followed by acid regurgitation (14.6%) and post-prandial fullness (12.0%). Of the 1,609 therapies, proton pump inhibitors constituted the most represented therapeutic class (35.6%) followed by antacids (17.5%) and alginate-based products (17.2%). In treating symptoms, 38.1% of the patients do not seek medical advice, while 42.0% rely on non-prescription therapies. As findings suggest, support to patients with GI disorders in community pharmacies can be enhanced for a safer self-medication.

Profuse Diarrhea after Misoprostol Use in a Patient with a History of Crohn's Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie S. Johnson ◽  
James A. Karboski ◽  
Glenys O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of profuse diarrhea after misoprostol use in a patient with a history of Crohn's disease and to discuss the role of eicosanoids in Crohn's disease. DATA SOURCES: Patient medical records, case reports, review articles identified by MEDLINE, and personal communication with the physician, patient, and manufacturer. DATA EXTRACTION: From interviews, the manufacturer, and pertinent published sources by one author and reviewed by the others. DATA SYNTHESIS: A 55-year-old woman presented to clinic complaining of multiple joint pains. Her medical history was significant for peptic ulcer disease, hypertension, and Crohn's disease in remission since May 1989. Her joint pains were treated with ibuprofen 600 mg po qid and misoprostol 200 μg po qid (after meals and at bedtime). Following the administration of three doses of ibuprofen and misoprostol, the patient experienced abdominal cramps, pain, and voluminous, watery diarrhea for two days. Upon discontinuation of the ibuprofen and misoprostol, all of her gastrointestinal symptoms resolved within 12 hours. Rechallenge with ibuprofen alone failed to produce a recurrence of symptoms. Enhanced synthesis of intestinal eicosanoids has been demonstrated in Crohn's disease. Misoprostol, a synthetic analog of one of the eicosanoids, could induce a flare-up of Crohn's disease as suggested in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: Misoprostol should be used with caution in patients with known inflammatory bowel disease.

Individual Differences in Phonetic Plasticity Across Native and Nonnative Contexts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Heffner ◽  
Emily B. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Phonetic Learning ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Vocabulary Comprehension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phonetic Contrasts ◽  
Sound Learning ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

Purpose Individuals vary in their ability to learn the sound categories of nonnative languages (nonnative phonetic learning) and to adapt to systematic differences, such as accent or talker differences, in the sounds of their native language (native phonetic learning). Difficulties with both native and nonnative learning are well attested in people with speech and language disorders relative to healthy controls, but substantial variability in these skills is also present in the typical population. This study examines whether this individual variability can be organized around a common ability that we label “phonetic plasticity.” Method A group of healthy young adult participants ( N = 80), who attested they had no history of speech, language, neurological, or hearing deficits, completed two tasks of nonnative phonetic category learning, two tasks of learning to cope with variation in their native language, and seven tasks of other cognitive functions, distributed across two sessions. Performance on these 11 tasks was compared, and exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the extent to which performance on each task was related to the others. Results Performance on both tasks of native learning and an explicit task of nonnative learning patterned together, suggesting that native and nonnative phonetic learning tasks rely on a shared underlying capacity, which is termed “phonetic plasticity.” Phonetic plasticity was also associated with vocabulary, comprehension of words in background noise, and, more weakly, working memory. Conclusions Nonnative sound learning and native language speech perception may rely on shared phonetic plasticity. The results suggest that good learners of native language phonetic variation are also good learners of nonnative phonetic contrasts. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16606778

The fatal cholera like diarrhoea in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)- a rare case report in toddler

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1894-1897
Author(s):  
Varsha Gajbhiye ◽  
Shubhangi Patil (Ganvir) ◽  
Sarika Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Mild Case ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
History Of

A 14-month female child came with complain of cholera like watery loose stool 10-12 times and vomiting 6-7 times, 24 hrs before admission. She was in severe dehydration, hypotension, unconscious with no recorded fever during her stay in hospital and no history of contact with COVID-19. Patient was COVID-19 positive Dehydration and hypotension was corrected, metabolic acidosis continued and eventually patient succumb due to multiple organ failure. This case report should arouse us to suspect COVID infection in every acute Gastroenteritis child who may not have any common symptoms as seen in COVID patient, also who have no history of significant contact with COVID positive patient in family. Some people with COVID-19 develop gastrointestinal symptoms either alone or with respiratory symptoms. Recently, researchers at Stanford University found that a third of patients they studied with a mild case of COVID-19 had symptoms affecting the digestive system. Another recent study Trusted Source published by researchers in Beijing found that anywhere from 3 to 79 percent of people with COVID-19 develop gastrointestinal symptoms.

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