Digital Phenotype of Mood Disorders: a conceptual and critical review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Mood disorder is commonly diagnosed and staged using clinical features that rely merely on subjective data. The concept of digital phenotyping is based on the idea that collecting real-time markers of human behavior allow one to determine the "digital signature of a pathology". This strategy assumes that behaviors are "quantifiable" from data extracted and analyzed through digital sensors, wearable devices or smartphones. That concept could bring a shift for the diagnosis of mood disorder, introducing for the first time paraclinical testing on psychiatric routine care. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this review was to propose a conceptual and critical review of the literature regarding the theoretical and technical principles of digital phenotypes applied to mood disorders. METHODS We conducted a selective review of the literature by updating a previous article and querying the PubMed database between February 2017 and November 2021 on titles with the relevant keywords regarding digital phenotyping, mood disorders and artificial intelligence. RESULTS 858 articles were included for evaluation, 43 articles were taken into account and classified by data source (multimodal, actigraphy, ECG, smartphone use, voice analysis, body temperature). For depressive episodes, the main finding is the decrease in terms of functional and biological parameters (decrease in activities and walking, decrease in the number of calls and SMS, decrease in temperature and HRV) while the manic phase produces the reverse phenomenon (increase in activities, number of calls and HRV). CONCLUSIONS The various studies presented support the potential interest in digital phenotyping to computerize the clinical characteristics of mood disorders

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The Phenomenon of Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Mood Disorders: A Review

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379604100107 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E Persad ◽

Oj Oluboka ◽

V Sharma ◽

D Mazmanian ◽

K Kueneman

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Critical Review ◽

Middle Age ◽

Female Gender ◽

Rapid Cycling ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Antidepressant Agents ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Bipolar Mood Disorder

Objective: To review the various pharmacological and nonpharmacological factors associated with the induction of rapid cycling in bipolar mood disorder, and to introduce the idea that parturition may also have a role. Factors known to contribute to bipolar mood disorder rapid cycling include antidepressant agents, female gender and middle age. Currently, there is evidence that hypothyroidism may also play a role. Method: A critical review of the literature was undertaken. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised in the use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar mood disorders.

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Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with mood disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80731-7 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

A Serretti ◽

MC Cavallini ◽

F Macciardi ◽

C Namia ◽

L Franchini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Social Adjustment ◽

Social Function ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Major Depressive ◽

The Social ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Social Adjustment Scale

SummaryMood disorders are characterized by manic and depressive episodes alternating with normal mood. While social function is heavily impaired during episodes of illness, there are conflicting opinions about inter-episode function. The present paper focuses on self-esteem and social adjustment in remitted mood disorders patients.Patients with mood disorders (99 bipolar and 86 major depressive subjects, in remission) were compared with a group of 100 control subjects. The self-esteem scale (SES) and the social adjustment scale (SAS) were used to measure self-esteem and social adjustment, respectively, in both groups of subjects.Patients with mood disorder exhibited worse social adjustment and lower self-esteem than control subjects.These results strongly confirm previous observations of poor inter-episode function in patients with mood disorder.

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Mood disorders and fertility in women: a critical review of the literature and implications for future research

Human Reproduction Update ◽

10.1093/humupd/dmm019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 607-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Katherine E. Williams ◽

Wendy K. Marsh ◽

Natalie L. Rasgon

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Critical Review ◽

Future Research ◽

Review Of The Literature

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Comorbidity studies of eating disorders and mood disorders. Critical review of the literature

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2006.06.023 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (1-3) ◽

pp. 37-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

N.T. Godart ◽

F. Perdereau ◽

Z. Rein ◽

S. Berthoz ◽

J. Wallier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Critical Review ◽

Review Of The Literature

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Efficacy and safety of motor cortex stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: critical review of the literature

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2008.6.17602 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Denys Fontaine ◽

Clement Hamani ◽

Andres Lozano

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Motor Cortex ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Critical Review ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Scale Scores

Object The authors systematically reviewed the published literature to evaluate the efficacy of and adverse effects after motor cortex stimulation (MCS) for chronic neuropathic pain. Methods A search of the PubMed database (1991–2006) using the key words “motor cortex,” “stimulation,” and “pain” yielded 244 articles. Only original nonduplicated articles were selected for further analysis; 14 studies were identified for critical review. All were series of cases and none was controlled. The outcomes in 210 patients were assessed and expressed as the percentage of patients that improved with the procedure. Results A good response to MCS (pain relief ≥ 40–50%) was observed in ~ 55% of patients who underwent surgery and in 45% of the 152 patients with a postoperative follow-up ≥ 1 year. Visual analog scale scores were provided in 76 patients, revealing an average 57% improvement in the 41 responders. A good response was achieved in 54% of the 117 patients with central pain and 68% of the 44 patients with trigeminal neuropathic pain. Adverse effects were reported in 10 studies, including 157 patients. Infections (5.7%) and hardware-related problems (5.1%) were relatively common complications. Seizures occurred in 19 patients (12%) in the early postoperative period, but no chronic epilepsy was reported. Conclusions The results of the authors' review of the literature suggest that MCS is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Results must be considered with caution, however, as none of the trials were blinded or controlled. Studies with a better design are mandatory to confirm the efficacy of MCS for chronic neuropathic pain.

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