The Power of Business

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Fuchs ◽  
Markus ML Lederer
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Business Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Different Levels

The introduction to the special issue develops a systematic and theoretically grounded framework for assessing business power in global governance. It is shown that power is said to have shifted from the world of states to the world of business. However, in order to evaluate such a claim first a differentiation of power in its instrumental, structural, and discursive facets is necessary. It is furthermore explained that the strength of such a three-dimensional assessment is that it combines different levels of analysis and considers actor-specific and structural dimensions and their material and ideational sources. Following a short introduction to the more empirical articles is provided summarizing their commonalities and differences.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property in Clinical Research - the Obstacles on the Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-172
Author(s):  
Iulianna Lupasco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

Intellectual property behind the scenery of clinical research present a very special issue in scientific field presenting a deep underestimation of the main precious production of scientific researchers – production of mind, intellect, knowledge, clinical practice and research. In this article are highlighted main questions the young researches and not only young ones face while generating ideas, developing into nice projects. In this topic are discussed the main types of intellectual property in clinical research with a short introduction how the law protects them on a national level and why intellectual property is important for every clinical scientist. The literature review is closely intertwined with our own observations over the years in terms of intellectual property. Finally, the main benefits of intellectual property protection for clinical researchers will be presented empowering with new contacts and scientific innovation leaders from other places of the world.

Peace: A Conceptual Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
System Level ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Peace ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Elusive Concept ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Associated Data

Peace is an elusive concept with many different meanings. Traditionally, it has been equated with the absence of war or violence, but such “negative peace” has limited value as it lumps wildly disparate situations together, such as rivalries (India–Pakistan) and close political relationships (e.g., European Union). Nevertheless, this conception remains the predominant approach in theory, research, teaching, and policy discourse. “Positive peace” definitions are much broader and encompass aspects that go beyond war and violence, but there is far less consensus on those elements. Conceptions include, among others, human rights, justice, judicial independence, and communication components. Best developed are notions of “quality peace,” which incorporate the absence of violence but also require things such as gender equality in order for societies to qualify as peaceful. Many of these, however, lack associated data and operational indicators. Research on positive peace is also comparatively underdeveloped. Peace can also be represented as binary (present or not) or as a continuum (the degree to which peace is present). Peace can be applied at different levels of analysis. At the system level, it refers to the aggregate or global conditions in the world at a given time. At the dyadic or k‑adic level, it refers to the state of peace in relationships between two or more states. Finally, internal peace deals with conditions inside individual states, and the relationships between governments, groups, and individuals. Aspects of peace vary according to the level of analysis, and peace at one level might not be mirrored at other levels.

Pluralizing Global Governance

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
World Order ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Regional Perspective

The concluding chapter summarizes the four main findings of the volume. The first concerns a certain retreat from global governance despite the multilateral and unstable nature of the world order in the early twenty-first century. Second, contributions to this volume highlight the power but also the problems that a regional perspective yields in our efforts to decentralize and pluralize our understanding of global governance. Third, that our critical approach to global governance has to cultivate an element of self-reflexivity. Just as we question the western-centric domination in discussions on global governance, when adopting decentralized, regional views we need to keep this element of self-reflexivity and plurality alive. This is no simple enterprise. And fourth, that the agent of global governance remains elusive. Doing away with the state leaves us with a rather fuzzy constellation of different types of institutions with different levels of aspiration and capacity to govern transnationally.

Resilience in Organizations: An Integrative Multilevel Review and Editorial Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-656
Author(s):  
Sebastian Raetze ◽  
Stephanie Duchek ◽  
M. Travis Maynard ◽  
Bradley L. Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Advance Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

The interest of organization and management researchers in the resilience concept has steadily grown in recent years. Although there is consensus about the importance of resilience in organizational contexts, many important research questions remain. For example, it is still largely unclear how resilience functions at different levels of analysis in organizations and how these various levels interact. In this special issue, we seek to advance knowledge about the complex resilience construct. For laying a foundation, in this editorial introduction we offer an integrative literature review of previous resilience research at three different levels of analysis (i.e., individual, team, and organization). Furthermore, we demonstrate what is already known about resilience as a multilevel construct and interactions among different resilience levels. Based on the results of our literature review, we identify salient research gaps and highlight some of the more promising areas for future research on resilience. Finally, we present an overview of the articles in this special issue and highlight their contributions in light of the gaps identified herein.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC COMPUTER SIMULATION OF CONCRETE ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE – PART 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Stroeven ◽  
Martijn Stroeven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Space System ◽  
Compositional Evolution ◽  
Dynamic Computer Simulation ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Interesting Alternative

The establishment of an experimental basis for the dependence of a mechanical property on certain structural features (and the associated micro-mechanical properties) would require extensive, cumbersome and complicated testing: mechanical testing for defining the very property, quantitative (section) image analysis and stereological three-dimensional assessment of the relevant structural features. 'Realistic' simulation of material structure by computer would therefore offer an interesting alternative. This paper introduces the SPACE system (Software Package for the Assessment of Compositional Evolution) as the most recent development in this field. It has been developed to assess the composition as well as configuration characteristics of dense random packing situations in opaque materials. This paper presents an introduction to the system and will thereupon highlight by means of illustrative examples of typical applications on different levels of the microstructure the system's capabilities. Although only a single application can be presented in this framework, they all concern areas of major engineering interest.

Meaning

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Paul Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Philosophical problems about the meaning of language and the meaning of life turn out to have interesting commonalities. Neither has plausible solutions that draw on supernatural entities such as abstract meanings, possible worlds, and divine plans. Rather, both can be approached by looking at mechanisms at four different levels: molecular, neural, mental, and social. Meaning is not a thing but a process that depends on interactions of parts occurring at multiple levels, resulting in multilevel emergence. The Semantic Pointer Architecture illuminates the neural mechanisms that operate in languages and valuable lives. Words are meaningful because their mental representations as concepts are brain processes that combine sensory-motor interactions with the world and interactions with other concepts. The meaning of life is also three-dimensional, requiring people to interact with language, the world, and other people.

Bridging Micro and Macro Approaches on Civil Wars and Political Violence

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Balcells ◽  
Patricia Justino
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Conflict Processes ◽  
New Research ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This article reflects on the importance of linking micro and macro levels of analysis in order to advance our current understanding of civil wars and political violence processes and discusses the contributions of the articles in this special issue. We first identify the main problems in research on political violence that is focused on a single level of analysis and describe the challenges faced by research that attempts to establish connections between different levels. We then introduce the different articles in the special issue, with an emphasis on the micro–macro-level linkages they develop and highlighting their commonalities. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of a new research agenda for the study of civil wars and political violence that bridges social, economic, and political dynamics occurring at the local level and conflict processes taking place in the macro arena.

Comprehending global governance: International regime complexity vs. global constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
KAREN J. ALTER
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Order ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
International Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Constitutionalism

AbstractThe After Fragmentation special issue unites political science conversations about regime complexity with legal/normative conversations about global constitutionalism through a focus on the generation and resolution of interface conflicts, defined as moments when overlapping elements or rule incompatibilities generate actual conflicts. Yet scholars choosing among these two perspectives actually have different objectives. After reviewing the two literatures, I argue that this special issue is closer to the global constitutionalism perspective, which generally seeks legitimated order. By contrast, the regime complexity literature asks how does the fact that global governance is spread across multiple institutions in itself shape cooperation politics. Investigating what it means to get ‘beyond fragmentation’, I suggest that the potential or actuality of rule conflicts is not necessarily a problem because conflicts are a normal and even salutary aspect of politics. If conflict is not the concern, then what should we be worrying about? Both perspectives, I argue, are amoral because they normalise and help justify an international order where responsibility is spread across institutions, promoting order while failing to address fundamental problems affecting people and the world. In this respect, resolving rule conflicts does not get us beyond fragmentation.

scholarly journals Quiet Politics in Tumultuous Times: Business Power, Populism, and Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Pepper D. Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Business Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Mass Publics ◽  
The Media

This article comments on a special issue of Politics & Society that examines “quiet politics” and the power of business in an era of “noisy politics.” The scholarship brought together in the issue shows that the world of business has indeed changed in the decade since Quiet Politics and Business Power was published, but also that quiet politics as a mode of low-salience interest advocacy seems alive and well. Building on this research, the article analyzes the different ways in which the rise of populist, noisy politics challenges business, how it challenges scholars studying business power, and how it challenges the functioning of the central feedback mechanism connecting political elites to mass publics in democracies—the media.

scholarly journals Social exclusion in old age: domain-specific contributions to a debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Torres
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research And Policy

Finding a suitable way to write an introduction to a Special Issue would seem to be a relatively easy task – at first glance. But when the Special Issue is dealing with a notion that is in the very midst of receiving momentum, the question arises of how one should begin, because although some potential readers may be acquainted with the topic at hand, others may have yet to understand that the topic is now in the process of conquering intellectual space. This Special Issue happens to be about such a topic. The topic of social exclusion in old age does not yet seem to be on the radar of North American scholars, for example, but has certainly become a topic to reckon with in Europe. Understanding how “the no tion of social exclusion has found its way into the lexicon of all major global governance institutions” (O’Brien & Penna 2008: 1) is what this introduction is all about. This Special Issue was, after all, first conceived as part of the series of special issues that the COST-action known as ROSENet (an acronym that stands for Reducing Old Age Social Exclusion: Collaborations in Research and Policy; www.rosenet.com) would put together to raise awareness about old-age social exclusion – a phenomenon that deserves attention as populations around the world grow older and live longer….

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