scholarly journals Social exclusion in old age: domain-specific contributions to a debate

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Torres
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research And Policy

Finding a suitable way to write an introduction to a Special Issue would seem to be a relatively easy task – at first glance. But when the Special Issue is dealing with a notion that is in the very midst of receiving momentum, the question arises of how one should begin, because although some potential readers may be acquainted with the topic at hand, others may have yet to understand that the topic is now in the process of conquering intellectual space. This Special Issue happens to be about such a topic. The topic of social exclusion in old age does not yet seem to be on the radar of North American scholars, for example, but has certainly become a topic to reckon with in Europe. Understanding how “the no tion of social exclusion has found its way into the lexicon of all major global governance institutions” (O’Brien & Penna 2008: 1) is what this introduction is all about. This Special Issue was, after all, first conceived as part of the series of special issues that the COST-action known as ROSENet (an acronym that stands for Reducing Old Age Social Exclusion: Collaborations in Research and Policy; www.rosenet.com) would put together to raise awareness about old-age social exclusion – a phenomenon that deserves attention as populations around the world grow older and live longer….

Comprehending global governance: International regime complexity vs. global constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
KAREN J. ALTER
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Order ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
International Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Constitutionalism

AbstractThe After Fragmentation special issue unites political science conversations about regime complexity with legal/normative conversations about global constitutionalism through a focus on the generation and resolution of interface conflicts, defined as moments when overlapping elements or rule incompatibilities generate actual conflicts. Yet scholars choosing among these two perspectives actually have different objectives. After reviewing the two literatures, I argue that this special issue is closer to the global constitutionalism perspective, which generally seeks legitimated order. By contrast, the regime complexity literature asks how does the fact that global governance is spread across multiple institutions in itself shape cooperation politics. Investigating what it means to get ‘beyond fragmentation’, I suggest that the potential or actuality of rule conflicts is not necessarily a problem because conflicts are a normal and even salutary aspect of politics. If conflict is not the concern, then what should we be worrying about? Both perspectives, I argue, are amoral because they normalise and help justify an international order where responsibility is spread across institutions, promoting order while failing to address fundamental problems affecting people and the world. In this respect, resolving rule conflicts does not get us beyond fragmentation.

The Power of Business

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Fuchs ◽  
Markus ML Lederer
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Business Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Different Levels

The introduction to the special issue develops a systematic and theoretically grounded framework for assessing business power in global governance. It is shown that power is said to have shifted from the world of states to the world of business. However, in order to evaluate such a claim first a differentiation of power in its instrumental, structural, and discursive facets is necessary. It is furthermore explained that the strength of such a three-dimensional assessment is that it combines different levels of analysis and considers actor-specific and structural dimensions and their material and ideational sources. Following a short introduction to the more empirical articles is provided summarizing their commonalities and differences.

Global Governance from Regional Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
First Century ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Institutions

The aim of this book is to investigate and confront the cultural and geopolitical understandings of global governance in different regions of the world. The main research questions addressed in this book are: How is global governance understood in different regions of the world? What normative and political challenges does the concept of global governance and the emerging regimes of global governance institutions raise in different parts of the world? Is there something like a regional texture of global governance that builds upon regional cultural, social, historical, political, and/or institutional features and characteristics? Chapter 1 places the book in its historical context of the early twenty-first century, provides working definitions, and discusses the contested nature of global governance, thus clarifying the analytical framework. Lastly, it offers an example of how cultural perspectives and their power connotations can be disguised and become ‘invisible’ in the theory and practice of global governance.

Global Governance from Regional Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
Different Parts

This book investigates, discusses, and confronts the different cultural and geopolitical understandings of global governance in different regions of the world. The main research questions addressed are: What does governance (as opposed to government, for instance) mean in different regions of the world? How does it relate to concepts like power, legitimacy, state, citizenship? Concepts of power are culturally informed, and the same is true for notions of citizenship, government, governance, and rule of law. Language also defines what can be ‘said’ and ‘thought of’. How is the notion of global governance shaped by and embedded in cultural perspectives? How is global governance understood in different regions of the world? What normative and political challenges does the concept of global governance and the emerging regimes of global governance institutions raise in different parts of the world? Is there something like a regional texture of global governance that builds upon regional cultural, social, historical, political, and/or institutional features and characteristics and that adapts the meaning of global governance to the spatial context in which it is adopted? We propose assessment at the regional level as a heuristic tool to examine the context of trends in global governance, in order to identify similarities and differences across continents without diluting the overarching conclusions by concentrating too closely on regional detail. The regional dimension is understood in a dynamic and critical perspective, and not as it has been traditionally used in ‘area studies’. We build on the notion of ‘regional worlds’ proposed by Acharya and their dynamic character.

scholarly journals Introduction: World state futures

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Albert ◽  
Gorm Harste ◽  
Heikki Patomäki ◽  
Knud Erik Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
World State ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
Present Context ◽  
State Form

In some contrast to the traditional and ongoing normative discussions about the desirability of a world state, new and more explicitly geo-historical questions about world political integration are being posed, especially (i) whether elements of world statehood are in existence already, (ii) whether a world state is in some sense inevitable, and (iii) whether, and under what conditions, a world state would be sustainable? For instance, the existing and emerging structures of global governance, of a global public sphere and global constitutionalism can be argued to converge to form at least nascent forms of world statehood. Building on and complementing such diagnoses of existing forms of world statehood, the question arises about whether there are possible and likely, or even inevitable, futures in which the emergence of more ‘thick’ forms of a world state, understood as a more tightly and substantially integrated expression of political community, could evolve. This possibility raises further questions about the legitimacy, viability and sustainability of such a state form. After a brief overview of these issues, the Introduction provides a preview of the following contributions of this special issue as well as the distinction between the ‘global’ and the ‘world’ as one possible future research trajectory in the present context.

Towards Open Graphical Tool-Building Framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgars Rencis ◽  
Janis Barzdins ◽  
Sergejs Kozlovics
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Activity Diagrams ◽  
Graphical Tool ◽  
One Step ◽  
Uml Activity Diagrams ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tool Building

Towards Open Graphical Tool-Building Framework Nowadays, there are many frameworks for developing domain-specific tools. However, if we want to create a really sophisticated tool with specific functionality requirements, it is not always an easy task to do. Although tool-building platforms offer some means for extending the tool functionality and accessing it from external applications, it usually requires a deep understanding of various technical implementation details. In this paper we try to go one step closer to a really open graphical tool-building framework that would allow both to change the behavior of the tool and to access the tool from the outside easily. We start by defining a specialization of metamodels which is a great and powerful facility itself. Then we go on and show how this can be applied in the field of graphical domain-specific tool building. The approach is demonstrated on an example of a subset of UML activity diagrams. The benefits of the approach are also clearly indicated. These include a natural and intuitive definition of tools, a strict logic/presentation separation and the openness for extensions as well as for external applications.

A Matter of Perspective: How adults represent causal launching sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deon T. Benton ◽  
David H. Rakison
Keyword(s):  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Associative Mechanism ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Modular Domain ◽  
Stimulus Features

The ability to reason about causal events in the world is fundamental to cognition. Despite the importance of this ability, little is known about how adults represent causal events, what structure or form those representations take, and what the mechanism is that underpins such representations. We report four experiments with adults that examine the perceptual basis on which adults represent four-object launching sequences (Experiments 1 and 2), whether adults representations reflect sensitivity to the causal, perceptual, or causal and perceptual relation among the objects that comprise such sequences (Experiment 3), and whether such representations extend beyond spatiotemporal contiguity to include other low-level stimulus features such as an object’s shape and color (Experiment 4). Based on these results of the four experiments, we argue that a domain-general associative mechanism, rather a modular, domain-specific, mechanism subserves adults’ representations of four-object launching sequences.

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

Conceptual visions of regional and global security

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Ihor Lishchynskyy ◽  
Mariia Lyzun
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World

Introduction. Under the influence of globalization and regionalization; the world economic development is becoming more dynamic but contradictory at the same time; creating new challenges and threats for both individual countries and entire regions. This exacerbates the urgency of forming flexible systems of security cooperation and finding solutions to regional and global security problems. Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to systematize research on regional and global security governance and a review of the balance of geopolitical forces in Europe. Methods. The research was carried out using the following methods: analysis and synthesis – to characterize the modern mainstream of theoretical intelligence in the field of regional security; comparative analysis – to compare the structures of regional security management in different parts of the world; deductions and inductions – to form a conceptual model of global governance; tabular and visual methods – for visual presentation of the material. Results. The paper considers theoretical approaches to the interpretation of regional security. It is noted that regional security governance is a set of institutions and activities at three levels: global; regional and national. A nomenclature of different types of regional security governance structures is presented; which includes a regional balance of power and ad hoc (informal) alliances; regional coherence; regional cooperative security; regional collective defense; regional collective security; pluralistic security community. It has been recognized that regional security management is provided not only by highly specialized or formal structures; but also by multi-purpose regional organizations; which initially pursued a combination of economic and political goals with growing security targets. Conceptual options for regional security governance at the global and regional levels are systematized. Based on the analysis of the mechanisms of global management; own vision of the relationship between the subjects of global governance processes is presented. Discussion. The crisis of recent decades has shown that no single group of global governance actors can act effectively to minimize global risks; which are both a challenge for business leaders and politicians in any country. That is why it is undeniable that global issues require global governance (especially in the field of security); the main goal of which should be to ensure global stability and sustainable development.

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