Regulating NOx and SO2 Emissions in Atlanta

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Muller ◽  
Daniel Tong ◽  
Robert Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The City

Abstract Through a series of experiments, we measure the marginal damage of emissions near Atlanta using a sophisticated integrated assessment model. The marginal damages of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are driven by proximity to downtown Atlanta; emissions produced closer to the city lead to higher exposures and therefore damages.The spatial pattern in damages from nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are more complex because of the powerful role of atmospheric chemistry. NOx emissions from ground-level sources in downtown Atlanta reduce aggregate exposures to both the tropospheric ozone as well as small particulates. In contrast, NOx discharges in suburban or rural areas lead to higher exposures and damages from both pollutants. These findings raise questions about the current policy of treating all NOx and SOx emissions as though they are alike.

scholarly journals The role of biomaterials for the energy transition from the lens of a national integrated assessment model

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla C. N. de Oliveira ◽  
Gerd Angelkorte ◽  
Pedro R. R. Rochedo ◽  
Alexandre Szklo
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model

scholarly journals The role of advanced end-use technologies in long-term climate change mitigation: the interlinkage between primary bioenergy and energy end-use

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1659-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Tsutsui ◽  
Hiromi Yamamoto ◽  
Shogo Sakamoto ◽  
Masahiro Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Multiple Series ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End Use

AbstractThe role of advanced end-use technologies has been investigated in multiple series of scenarios using an integrated assessment model BET-GLUE, which comprises an energy-economic module (BET) and a bioenergy-land-use module (GLUE). The scenarios consider different technology assumptions on the availability of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and end-use efficiencies featuring electrification under a wide range of carbon price trajectories, which start at 1–690 USD/tCO2 in 2030, increase at 4.5%/year, and level off in 2100. This scenario design allows close examination of energy, economic, and environmental implications of different levels of policy stringency and carbon budgets. While improving end-use efficiencies consistently decrease policy costs for a wide range of carbon budgets, the value of BECCS availability in terms of cost reduction is crucial only in a limited range toward lower budgets. Constraints on BECCS, including those indirectly imposed by the limited bioenergy supply, also tend to narrow the lower range of attainable budget levels, indicating technological and economic challenges, although they may have an impact on reducing the total budget including land-use emissions. Overall, the advanced end-use efficiency has a significant effect on the required level of policy stringency for a given climate goal, so that it can compensate for the biomass constraints.

The Role of Provide Survice Small Town in Rural–Urban Linkages for Sustainable Development: A case of rural-urban linkage of Malda district, West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Saha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The City

Rural–urban linkages play a fundamental role in the generation of service, development, health treatment and wealth. Yet, for various reasons the importance of such linkages is not recognized and thus unnoticed in rural economic and trade policies. The present paper investigates infrastructure problem, institutional constraints and dependency rural area on near rural service trade barriers that tend to discourage linkages between rural and urban areas and thus prevent a process of rural empowerment and economic development. The findings of our review indicate that clustering rural and urban areas into regional planning units may create the necessary enabling environment for extensive trade networks and knowledge switch over between the city and the neighbor rural-side. As such, stronger rural–urban linkages could also play a crucial role in fulfill rural areas demand in developing countries.

The effect of SO2 emission controls on critical load exceedances for lakes in Southeastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Jeffries ◽  
D. C. L. Lam ◽  
M. D. Moran ◽  
I. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Emission Controls ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

The UN ECE definition of critical load (CL) involving protection of aquatic ecosystem structure and function was adopted by using pH 6.0 as a damage threshold. Critical loads were determined for 4 lake clusters in SE Canada. An Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) was used to estimate steady-state lake pH distributions for each cluster for steps of wet sulphate (SO42−) deposition in the range 6 to 30 kg.ha−1.yr−1. The CLs were interpolated from the damage vs deposition relationships and are, if anything, over-estimated for a number of reasons. Critical load values were <6, 6.9, 8.0 and 13.2 kg wet SO42−.ha−1.yr−1 for the Kejimkujik (Nova Scotia), Montmorency (Québec), Algoma (Ontario), and Sudbury (Ontario) clusters, respectively. Wet SO2−4 deposition presently exceeds the CLs for all Canadian clusters by ∼7 to 12 kg.ha−1.yr−1. Moreover, it is also expected to exceed them by ∼6 to 10 kg wet SO2−4.ha−1.yr−1 even after all SO2 emission controls required by the Canada/US Air Quality Agreement are finally implemented. Further control of both Canadian and US SO2 emissions to achieve lower SO42− deposition will be needed to reduce the magnitude of the CL exceedances.

Climate assessment of emissions scenarios for use in WG3 of the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gidden ◽  
Zebedee Nicholls ◽  
Edward Byers ◽  
Gaurav Ganti ◽  
Jarmo Kikstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Emissions Scenarios ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
The Impact

<p>Consistent and comparable climate assessments of scenarios are critical within the context of IPCC assessment reports. Given the number of scenarios assessed by WG3, the assessment “pipeline” must be almost completely automated. Here, we present the application of a new assessment pipeline which combines state-of-the-art components into a single workflow in order to derive climate outcomes for integrated assessment model (IAM) scenarios assessed by WG3 of the IPCC. A consistent analysis ensures that WG3’s conclusions about the socioeconomic transformations required to maintain a safe climate are based on the best understanding of our planetary boundaries from WG1. For example, if WG1 determines that climate sensitivity is higher than previously considered, then WG3 could incorporate this insight by e.g. considering much smaller remaining carbon budgets for any given temperature target.</p><p> </p><p>The scenario-climate assessment pipeline is comprised of three primary components. First, a consistent harmonization algorithm which maintains critical model characteristics between harmonized and unharmonized scenarios [1] is employed to harmonize emissions trajectories to a common and consistent historical dataset as used in CMIP6 [2]. Next, a scenario’s reported emissions trajectories are analyzed as to the completeness of its species and sectoral coverage. A consistent set of 14 emissions species are expected, aligning with published work within ScenarioMIP and CMIP6 (see ref [2], Table 2). Should any component of this full set of emissions trajectories be absent for a given scenario, an algorithm (e.g., generalised quantile walk [3]) is employed in order to “back-fill” missing species at the native model regional resolution. Finally, full emissions scenarios are analyzed by an Earth System Model emulator, e.g., MAGICC [4].</p><p> </p><p>In this presentation, we explore differences in climate assessments and estimated remaining carbon budgets across various components of the pipeline for available scenarios in the literature. We consider the impact of alternative choices, especially those made in prior assessments by the IPCC (AR5, SR15), including, for example, the historical emissions database used, the effect of harmonization and back-filling, as well as the version and setup of MAGICC used. </p><p> </p><p>References</p><p> </p><p>[1] Gidden, M.J., Fujimori, S., van den Berg, M., Klein, D., Smith, S.J., van Vuuren, D.P. and Riahi, K., 2018. A methodology and implementation of automated emissions harmonization for use in Integrated Assessment Models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 105, pp.187-200.</p><p> </p><p>[2] Gidden, M. J., Riahi, K., Smith, S. J., Fujimori, S., Luderer, G., Kriegler, E., van Vuuren, D. P., van den Berg, M., Feng, L., Klein, D., Calvin, K., Doelman, J. C., Frank, S., Fricko, O., Harmsen, M., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Hilaire, J., Hoesly, R., Horing, J., Popp, A., Stehfest, E., and Takahashi, K.: Global emissions pathways under different socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1443-1475, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1443-2019, 2019.</p><p> </p><p>[3] Teske, S. et al., Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals. Springer, 2019.</p><p> </p><p>[4] Meinshausen, M., Raper, S.C. and Wigley, T.M., 2011. Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models with a simpler model, MAGICC6–Part 1: Model description and calibration. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(4), pp.1417-1456.</p>

scholarly journals Decline in Distribution and Abundance: Urban Hedgehogs under Pressure

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Anouk L. Taucher ◽  
Sandra Gloor ◽  
Adrian Dietrich ◽  
Madeleine Geiger ◽  
Daniel Hegglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
The City ◽  
Insect Biomass

Increasing urbanization and densification are two of the largest global threats to biodiversity. However, certain species thrive in urban spaces. Hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus have been found in higher densities in green areas of settlements as compared to rural spaces. With recent studies pointing to dramatically declining hedgehog numbers in rural areas, we pose the question: how do hedgehogs fare in urban spaces, and do these spaces act as refuges? In this study, recent (2016–2018) and past (1992) hedgehog abundance and distribution were compared across the city of Zurich, Switzerland using citizen science methods, including: footprint tunnels, capture-mark recapture, and incidental sightings. Our analyses revealed consistent negative trends: Overall hedgehog distribution decreased by 17.6% ± 4.7%, whereas abundance declined by 40.6% (mean abundance 32 vs. 19 hedgehogs/km2, in past and recent time, respectively), with one study plot even showing a 91% decline in this period (78 vs. 7 hedgehogs/km2, respectively). We discuss possible causes of this rapid decline: increased urban densification, reduction of insect biomass, and pesticide use, as well as the role of increasing populations of badgers (a hedgehog predator) and parasites or diseases. Our results suggest that hedgehogs are now under increasing pressure not only in rural but also in urban areas, their former refuges.

scholarly journals The Crucial Role of Educational Stakeholders in the Appropriation of Foreign Language Education Policies: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Peláez ◽  
Jaime Usma
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
Foreign Language Education Policies

Drawing on the concept of policy appropriation, this study investigates how different education stakeholders in a rural region of Colombia perceive foreign language education policies, and how these perceptions shape the way they recreate these reforms at the ground level. Contributing to the field of language policy analysis in Colombia and abroad, findings in this study not only provide knowledge on foreign language policymaking processes in rural areas in Colombia, but also shed light on the active role played by different stakeholders in the continuous recreation and appropriation of language education reforms.

scholarly journals PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP LANSIA di PUSKESMAS REJOSARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liva Maita
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The City

In Indonesia the attention to the elderly population increases mainly due to the number that tends to increase rapidly. In 2010, the number of elderly residents living in urban areas was 12,380,321 people (9.58%), and those living in rural areas of 15.612.232 people (9.97%). There is a considerable difference between the elderly in the city and in the village. This difference can be due to the migration patterns of young people to the city and their old age prefer to their village, and villagers have a greater life expectancy because they do not breathe polluted air, do not often face the things that make them more stressful, tentramnya rather than the days of stress, and also because the food consumed is not contaminated with pesticides, thus making them not susceptible to disease. General Purpose Knowledge of family role to health of elderly at Rejosari Health Center Pekanbaru year 2013. Type of research was descriptive. Sample in this study as many as 94 elderly who taken mengguankan purposive sampling technique, the data were analyzed univariat. The result of the research showed the role of family in the health examination of the elderly with good category (88,30%), the role of family in the fulfillment of good nutrition of elderly with good category (98,94%), family role in meeting the needs of rest and sleep of elderly with good category (91, 94%) and the role of family with good category (95%). It is expected that the PHC to improve the Elderly Health Program in PHC through health examination and gymnastics elderly every week. 

The Music in Berlin: Spaces and Places

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-155
Author(s):  
Phil Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Spatial Spectrum ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Theater Program ◽  
West Berlin ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
The City

In a complement to the networks and styles of the previous chapter, this chapter offers a detailed analysis of the spaces that frame the Berlin klezmer scene. It draws on the influence of British cultural studies to locate this scene within the characteristic fluidity and bricolage aesthetics of the city’s wider street-level musical culture—brought to life here through description and analysis of the sonic profusion of Mauerpark’s weekly “mini-festival.” The chapter then moves on to explore in depth ways in which we might understand “Jewish space,” including the important role of music in the mediation of German-Jewish space. The majority of the chapter then looks in detail at the official/unofficial spatial spectrum that frames several characteristic klezmer venues in the city: a long-running and appealingly shabby club/bar; a contemporary arthouse theater program; a well-established, friendly yet surprisingly formal dance night; and the lively space of a West Berlin kosher cafe. It then discusses in depth the three klezmer jam sessions that take place in the city, considering each of these sessions as its own version of a wider “scene,” with reference to the work of Will Straw and others. The last part of the chapter discusses how several unofficial spaces that have developed recently point to a possible paradigm shift in the presentation and reception of Yiddish musical culture in the city, seen in the ground-level complex of Yiddish cultural activities established over the last six years in the Neukölln district. Once again, the solid theoretical underpinning is brought to life by strong ethnographic description and interviews.

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