scholarly journals Family and Community Influences on Health and Socioeconomic Status: Sibling Correlations Over the Life Course

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhashkar Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Sibling Correlations ◽  
Community Influences ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract This paper presents new estimates of sibling correlations in health and socioeconomic outcomes over the life course in the U.S. Sibling correlations provide an omnibus measure of the importance of all family and community influences. I find that sibling correlations in a range of health and socioeconomic outcomes start quite high at birth and remain high over the life course. The sibling correlation in birth weight is estimated to be 0.5. Sibling correlations in test scores during childhood are as high as 0.6. Sibling correlations in adult men’s wages are also around 0.5. Decompositions provide suggestive evidence on which pathways may account for the gradients in health and SES by family background. For example, sibling correlations in cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills during childhood are lower controlling for family income. Similarly, parent education levels can account for a sizable portion of the correlation in adult health status among brothers.

Social Characteristics as Predictors of ADHD Labeling across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 215686932091653
Author(s):  
Melissa Thompson ◽  
Lindsey Wilkinson ◽  
Hyeyoung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Time

Although originally considered to be a disorder of childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. Yet we know little about the social characteristics (race, gender, and social class) of those first labeled in adulthood, how these differ from those first labeled in childhood/adolescence, and whether the ADHD label is applied proportionately across social groups given ADHD symptomology. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current research considers how typifications of ADHD affect application of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood. Results indicate that even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, social characteristics are important predictors of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence but are less influential in predicting ADHD labeling in adulthood. Additionally, results indicate the importance of race in moderating the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and application of the ADHD label throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Adult Health Behaviors Over the Life Course by Sexual Orientation

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Boehmer ◽  
Xiaopeng Miao ◽  
Crystal Linkletter ◽  
Melissa A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Sibling Similarity in Education Across and Within Societies

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grätz ◽  
Kieron J. Barclay ◽  
Øyvind N. Wiborg ◽  
Torkild H. Lyngstad ◽  
Aleksi Karhula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Grades ◽  
Sibling Correlations ◽  
Sibling Similarity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The extent to which siblings resemble each other measures the omnibus impact of family background on life chances. We study sibling similarity in cognitive skills, school grades, and educational attainment in Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We also compare sibling similarity by parental education and occupation within these societies. The comparison of sibling correlations across and within societies allows us to characterize the omnibus impact of family background on education across social landscapes. Across countries, we find larger population-level differences in sibling similarity in educational attainment than in cognitive skills and school grades. In general, sibling similarity in education varies less across countries than sibling similarity in earnings. Compared with Scandinavian countries, the United States shows more sibling similarity in cognitive skills and educational attainment but less sibling similarity in school grades. We find that socioeconomic differences in sibling similarity vary across parental resources, countries, and measures of educational success. Sweden and the United States show greater sibling similarity in educational attainment in families with a highly educated father, and Finland and Norway show greater sibling similarity in educational attainment in families with a low-educated father. We discuss the implications of our results for theories about the impact of institutions and income inequality on educational inequality and the mechanisms that underlie such inequality.

Violent victimisation trajectories from adolescence through adulthood: consequences for sleep problems

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-217356
Author(s):  
Alexander Testa ◽  
Daniel C Semenza ◽  
Dylan B Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Violent Victimisation

BackgroundViolent victimisation is a stressful experience that has been linked with sleep problems among children, adolescents and adults. However, prior research has not assessed how victimisation trajectories across different stages of the life-course correspond to sleep outcomes. The present study assesses how trajectories of violent victimisation from adolescence to middle adulthood correspond to sleep behaviours in adulthood.MethodsData are from fives waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=6015). Semi-parametric group-based trajectory modelling was used to estimate violent victimisation trajectories from adolescence to middle adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep quantity and quality across violent victimisation trajectories.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that the relationship between violent victimisation and sleep in adulthood is not consistent across all victimisation trajectories. Rather, sleep quality and quantity are the worst among those who persistently experience violent victimisation from adolescence through adulthood.ConclusionPersistent exposure to violence can be a particularly damaging experience with consequences for sleep quantity and quality. Establishing interventions that reduce violent victimisation across the life-course and promote positive sleep behaviours among those with a history of victimisation are important public health measures.

The Effect of Serious Offending on Health: A Marginal Structural Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Baćak ◽  
Mohammad Ehsanul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Marginal Structural Model ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

In this study, we contribute to the emerging scholarship at the intersection of crime and health by estimating the effect of serious offending on offenders’ health. By building on sociological stress research, we identify and adjust for the key life course processes that may intervene on the pathway from offending to health using a rich set of measures available in the panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Because offending and health share many causes and consequences, a critical challenge is accounting for confounding and mediation that unfold over time. We adjust for these time-varying processes by estimating repeated measures marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weights. The results show that offending over the life course is adversely linked to health but not uniformly across race and gender.

Intergenerational Mobility and Changes in Drug Use Across the Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course

The consequences of “falling from grace”—or experiencing downward intergenerational mobility—are indeed becoming an abrupt reality for many entering the labor force. Scholars of social mobility speculate that such life course trajectories can result in antisocial behavior, but few have examined whether these trajectories lead to drug use. Thus, with the United States in the midst of a drug epidemic, as well as recovering from an economic recession, the study of social mobility may contribute to a better understanding of what causes individuals to turn to drugs. Using data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and a series of logistic diagonal reference models, this study examines the association between intergenerational social mobility and drug use. Overall, I find evidence that downward mobility is associated with increases in drug use, with the relationship strongest among those experiencing the greatest loss in status.

Religious Attendance and Physical Health in Later Life: A Life Course Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-502
Author(s):  
Laura Upenieks ◽  
Markus H. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
The Life Course

Existing research on the life course origins of adult health has extensively examined the influence of childhood socioeconomic conditions, family structure, and exposure to trauma. Left unexplored are the potential long-term health effects of sociocultural exposures, such as religiosity at earlier phases of the life course. Integrating life course models of health with literature on the health-protective effects of adult religiosity, we consider how adolescent and midlife religiosity combine to structure the physical health profiles of adults past age 50. Using more than 35 years of representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 (NLSY79), we found that the stability of frequent religious practice over time was associated with better health composite scores and lower disease burden. Causal mediation analyses revealed that part of this association is driven by a lower risk of smoking for consistent, frequent attenders. Adulthood religiosity also mediated the relationship between frequent early-life religious attendance and health.

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