The Effect of Serious Offending on Health: A Marginal Structural Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Baćak ◽  
Mohammad Ehsanul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Marginal Structural Model ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

In this study, we contribute to the emerging scholarship at the intersection of crime and health by estimating the effect of serious offending on offenders’ health. By building on sociological stress research, we identify and adjust for the key life course processes that may intervene on the pathway from offending to health using a rich set of measures available in the panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Because offending and health share many causes and consequences, a critical challenge is accounting for confounding and mediation that unfold over time. We adjust for these time-varying processes by estimating repeated measures marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weights. The results show that offending over the life course is adversely linked to health but not uniformly across race and gender.

scholarly journals Emerging Adulthood: An Intersectional Examination of the Changing Life Course

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
Shauna A. Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Life Course ◽  
School Students ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Adult World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course

This article draws on qualitative data of U.S. high school students considering their place in the adult world; the purpose is to investigate Jeffrey Arnett’s (2000) concept of “emerging adulthood” as a new stage of life course. Drawing on interviews and observational data collected around the time when Arnett’s notion of emerging adulthood started to take hold, I use intersectional interpretive lens in order to highlight how race and gender construct emerging adulthood as high school students move out of adolescence. I consider Arnett’s thesis twofold. First, when emerging adulthood is examined intersectionally, young people reveal that – rather than being distinct periods that can simply be prolonged, delayed, or even reached – life stages are fluid and constantly in flux. Second, since efforts to mitigate against uncertain futures characterizes the Millennial generation, I argue that the process of guarding against uncertainty reorders, questions or reconfigures the characteristics and stages that conventionally serve as markers of life course. I conclude that the identity exploration, indecision, and insecurity associated with emerging adulthood can also be understood as related to how the youth reveal and reshape the life course intersectionally.

Social Characteristics as Predictors of ADHD Labeling across the Life Course

2020 ◽  
pp. 215686932091653
Author(s):  
Melissa Thompson ◽  
Lindsey Wilkinson ◽  
Hyeyoung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
First Time

Although originally considered to be a disorder of childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. Yet we know little about the social characteristics (race, gender, and social class) of those first labeled in adulthood, how these differ from those first labeled in childhood/adolescence, and whether the ADHD label is applied proportionately across social groups given ADHD symptomology. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current research considers how typifications of ADHD affect application of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood. Results indicate that even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, social characteristics are important predictors of the ADHD label in childhood/adolescence but are less influential in predicting ADHD labeling in adulthood. Additionally, results indicate the importance of race in moderating the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and application of the ADHD label throughout the life course.

scholarly journals Health Lifestyles and the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312094207
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn ◽  
Joshua Goode ◽  
Fred Pampel
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Life Course

Prior research has shown the theoretical importance and empirical feasibility of health lifestyles but has not examined their patterns over the life course or their dynamic associations with socioeconomic status (SES) and adult roles. The authors develop and apply a life-course approach to understanding individuals’ health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood, using U.S. data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 6,863). The results show that ascribed SES is associated with adolescent health lifestyles, and those health lifestyles are associated with later health lifestyles. The results also demonstrate the developmental specificity of health lifestyles. Dissimilarities and variations in the clusterings of behaviors and their associations with SES, along with patterning of adult roles, support a contextualized, life course–focused interpretation of health lifestyle development. The authors highlight the need for an integrated life-course model of the development of health disparities that combines both stability and change.

scholarly journals Beyond Symptoms: Race and Gender Predict Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vanderminden ◽  
Jennifer J. Esala
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Sociology Of Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive

Research shows an unequal distribution of anxiety disorder symptoms and diagnoses across social groups. Bridging stress process theory and the sociology of diagnosis and drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine inequity in the prevalence of anxiety symptoms versus diagnosis across social groups (the “symptom-to-diagnoses gap”). Bivariate findings suggest that while several disadvantaged groups are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety, they are not more likely to receive a diagnosis. Multivariate results indicate that after controlling for anxiety symptoms: (1) Being female still predicts an anxiety disorder diagnosis, and (2) Native American, white, and Hispanic/Latino respondents are more likely than black respondents to receive an anxiety disorder diagnosis. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of race and gender bias in diagnosis and the health trajectories for persons with undiagnosed anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals WEALTH PROFILES AND VARIATIONS BY GENDER AND RACE: A GROWTH-MIXTURE MULTIGROUP COMPARISON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S733-S733
Author(s):  
Yu-Chih Chen ◽  
Nancy Morrow-Howell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Wealth is fundamentally affected by various life course characteristics. However, little is known about the role of life course factors in shaping wealth trajectories in later life. This study explored how the longitudinal profiles of wealth varied by gender and race (white and non-white populations). Data came from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study with 16,189 older adults aged 51 and older. With corrections for clustered effect within household, this study used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify the longitudinal patterns of wealth, and how these profiles varied by these two important life course attributes. The model began with a separate GMM model for race and gender to investigate the optimal latent class model. These results were combined using multi-group approach to incrementally examine the gender and race invariance using configural (same form), structural (same trajectory mean), dispersion (same trajectory variance), and distributional (same latent class size) test. Results identified four distinct wealth profiles—Stable high, Low and increasing, Stable low, and High but decline—for each race and gender category. The multigroup GMM analyses revealed that the wealth profiles varied by gender and race, but the degrees of variation differed a great deal, with results supporting a dispersion model for gender but a configural model for race. Results indicate that race has a stronger effect in shaping wealth development compared to gender. The findings suggest that understanding wealth disparities in later life could be facilitated by examining how wealth varies by gender and race.

scholarly journals Adult Health Behaviors Over the Life Course by Sexual Orientation

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Boehmer ◽  
Xiaopeng Miao ◽  
Crystal Linkletter ◽  
Melissa A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
The Life Course

Sex and Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Vaccination over the Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 577-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Flanagan ◽  
Ashley L. Fink ◽  
Magdalena Plebanski ◽  
Sabra L. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

scholarly journals Vendo o sol nascer bordado: poderes, saberes e fazeres de reeducandas na Unidade Prisional de Goiás * Seeing the sun be born embroidery: powers and knowledges of Reeducandas in the Goiás’s Unit Prison

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
CLÓVIS CARVALHO BRITTO ◽  
PAULO BRITO DO PRADO ◽  
RAQUEL MIRANDA BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Know How ◽  
Symbolic Economy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manual Activity

<p class="Default"><strong>Resumo: </strong>Este artigo analisa as interlocuções entre memória, patrimônio, artes do saber-fazer e as relações de gênero na Unidade Prisional de Goiás com enfoque no projeto <em>Cabocla: bordando cidadania</em>, o modo como ele tem contribuído para uma outra formatação da experiência feminina no cárcere, a economia simbólica e a patrimonialização de objetos através da eleição da cultura vilaboense, reproduzida em bordados feitos por mulheres encarceradas. Por meio de entrevistas com a idealizadora do projeto e com uma esposa de reeducando, uma ex-reeducanda e uma mulher que cumpre pena privativa de liberdade, alinhavamos um painel sobre os impactos da atividade manual no encarceramento e na trajetória de vida dessas mulheres.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>bordado; memória; cárcere; patrimônio.</p><p class="Default"><strong><br /></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article examines the dialogues between memory, heritage, arts know-how and gender relations in Prison Unit Goiás focusing on Cabocla project: embroidering citizenship, the way he has contributed to a other formatting of the female experience in prison the symbolic economy and patrimony of objects through the election of vilaboense culture, reproduced in embroidery made by women prisoners. Through interviews with the creator of the project and re-educating with a wife, an ex-convict and a woman who still meets custodial sentence, sew a panel on the impact of incarceration on manual activity and the life course of these women.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Keyword: </strong>embroidery; memory; jail; patrimony.</p>

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND YOUNG ADULT HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES: DIFFERENCES BY RACE AND GENDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S591-S591
Author(s):  
Grace A Noppert
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Young Adult Health ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract There is compelling evidence to suggest that educational disparities in health differ by both race and gender. This study examines the relationship between respondents’ education and six health outcomes related to cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes using data from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ages 24-32 years; N = 13,458). We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between education and the odds of each health outcome. Models were stratified by race and gender. We found that the association between education and each health outcome differed by race/ethnicity and gender. While among whites we observed an association between education and each health outcome, for blacks we observed no such associations. It may be that the benefits of education are particularly salient for those in more structurally advantaged positions, pointing to the continued need to address structural inequalities by both gender and race.

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