scholarly journals Nicaragua bajo el terror de la pareja Ortega-Murillo: antecedentes y construcción progresiva de una dictadura

Revista Trace ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Delphine Lacombe

El 18 de abril 2018, Nicaragua se sumergió en una de las crisis políticas y sociales más trágicas de su historia contemporánea. La firma de un decreto presidencial que reformaba el Instituto de Seguridad Social, reducía los beneficios de la jubilación y elevaba las contribuciones provocó una ola de protestas que se expandió por todo el país. El descontento devino rápidamente en una insurrección cívica bajo el reclamo de la renuncia presidencial y elecciones anticipadas, esta fue reprimida con enorme violencia. En este artículo se analizan las causas y factores que anuncian esta crisis política. Finalmente, se cuestiona la reacción tardía de la opinión pública internacional a la construcción gradual de un poder dictatorial en Nicaragua iniciada en 2007.Abstract: On April 18th 2018, Nicaragua plunged into one of the most tragic political and social crises of its contemporary history. Following a presidential decree reforming the Social Security Institute that reduced pension benefits while raising contributions, a wave of protest spread across the country. This wave became a civic insurrection demanding the president’s resignation and early elections and it was repressed with the utmost violence. This article summarizes the predictors and reasons for this political crisis. It finally questions the delayed reaction of international public opinion toward the progressive building of dictatorial power in Nicaragua, begun as early as 2007.Keywords: Nicaragua, Sandinism, Daniel Ortega-Rosario Murillo, Repression, dictatorship.Résumé : Le 18 avril 2018, le Nicaragua a basculé dans l’une des crises politiques et sociales les plus tragiques de son histoire contemporaine. À la suite d’un décret présidentiel réformant l’Institut de sécurité sociale pour diminuer les allocations des retraités tout en élevant les cotisations, une vague de contestation a gagné l’ensemble du pays. Celle-ci, devenue une insurrection civique demandant la démission présidentielle et des élections anticipées, fut réprimée avec la plus grande violence. L’article revient en synthèse sur les facteurs annonciateurs et les raisons de cette crise politique. Il interroge finalement la réaction tardive de l’opinion publique internationale face à l’édification progressive d’un pouvoir dictatorial au Nicaragua, lancée dès 2007.Mots-clés : Nicaragua, sandinisme, Daniel Ortega-Rosario Murillo, répression, dictature.

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Pablo Maldonado Hernández ◽  
Laura Ramírez Godoy ◽  
Maxi Méndez Morán ◽  
Jorge San José Gómez ◽  
Juan Pablo Cordoba Paíz

Subject The outlook for pension reform. Significance In 2016 Congress passed Law 27.260, which established measures to improve pensioners’ welfare, and set a three-year deadline to create a new pension system, which would be universal, comprehensive and sustainable, and maintain the current system’s pay-as-you-go feature. The pensions deficit represents a significant portion of the fiscal imbalance, so any policy to improve fiscal sustainability will require social security reform. However, the current pension system is considered unfair by most pensioners and active workers. Impacts The social security reform will face opposition in Congress and resistance from public opinion. A strong result for the new Unidad Ciudadana party in the October elections could delay the reform. The large informal sector will militate against reducing the pensions deficit.


Caderno CRH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (87) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Ednaldo Ribeiro ◽  
Julian Borba

<p>Combinando contestação pública com participação política, a democracia é igualmente dependente de um ambiente de tolerância política. Uma democracia de qualidade não poderia existir em um ambiente marcado por forte intolerância, no qual as pessoas não têm oportunidade de expor as suas opiniões e debater suas ideais. Essa condicionalidade impõe dificuldades para o processo de aprimoramento da democracia brasileira, especialmente considerando os conturbados últimos anos. A atual crise política, iniciada com os protestos que culminaram com o impeachment da Presidente Dilma Rousseff e ainda sem data para terminar, tem sido marcada por forte contenciosidade e manifestações de intolerância das diferentes partes envolvidas na disputa. Diante desse cenário, este artigo apresenta um quadro da tolerância política no Brasil recente.<br />Utilizando a série histórica de dados de opinião pública do Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), analisamos a evolução de diferentes indicadores de atitudes politicamente tolerantes e, para além desses contornos gerais, exploramos possíveis condicionantes sociodemográficos, atitudinais e comportamentais. Os dados indicam que, em todos indicadores, a opinião dos brasileiros tende a ser majoritariamente tolerante para o conjunto das medidas adotadas, verificando-se, porém, um declínio em todas elas quando observada<br />a pesquisa de 2014. Quanto aos determinantes da tolerância, foram encontradas evidências de que tais atitudes estão relacionadas com maiores níveis de mobilização cognitiva dos eleitores.</p><p> </p><p>POLITICAL TOLERANCE IN RECENT BRAZIL: evolution of indicators and conditioning factors</p><p>Combining public contestation with political participation, democracy is equally dependent on an environment of political tolerance. A quality democracy could not exist in an environment marked by strong intolerance, in which people do not have the opportunity to express their opinions and debate their ideals. This conditionality imposes difficulties for the process of improving Brazilian democracy, especially considering the troubled past years. The current political crisis, which began with the protests that culminated in the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff and has not yet ended, has been marked by strong contentiousness and manifestations of intolerance by the different parties involved in the dispute. Given this scenario, this article presents a framework of political tolerance in recent Brazil. Using the Latin American Public Opinion Project’s (LAPOP) historical data series, we analyze the evolution of different indicators of politically tolerant attitudes and, beyond these general contours, explore possible socio-demographic, attitudinal and behavioral determinants. The data indicate that in all indicators, the opinion of Brazilians tends to be mostly tolerant for the set of measures adopted, however, there was a decline in all of them when observing the 2014 survey. Regarding the determinants of tolerance, we found evidence that such attitudes are related to higher levels of voter cognitive mobilization.</p><p>Key-words: Political tolerance. Brazil. Political behavior.</p><p> </p><p>TOLÉRANCE POLITIQUE AU BRÉSIL RÉCENT: évolution des indicateurs et des facteurs de conditionnement</p><p>La combinaison de protestations du public avec la participation politique, la démocratie dépend également d’un environnement de tolérance politique. La qualité de la démocratie ne pouvait pas exister dans un environnement marqué par une forte intolérance dans laquelle les gens ont pas la possibilité d’exprimer leurs points de vue et discuter de leurs idéaux. Cette conditionnalité impose des difficultés pour le processus d’amélioration de la démocratie brésilienne, surtout compte tenu des turbulences ces dernières années. La crise actuelle,<br />qui a commencé avec les protestations qui ont conduit à la destitution du président Dilma Rousseff et toujours pas de date de fin a été marquée par un fort contentieux et manifestations d’intolérance par les différentes parties impliquées dans le différend. Dans ce scénario, cet article présente un cadre de tolérance politique dans le récent Brésil. Avec l’utilisation de la série historique des données d’opinion publique du projet sur l’opinion publique latino-américain (LAPOP), nous analysons l’évolution des différents indicateurs d’attitudes de tolérance politique et en plus de ces grandes lignes, nous explorons possibles contraintes socio-démographiques, des attitudes et du comportement. Les données indiquent que, dans tous les indicateurs, l’opinion des brésiliens a tendance à être généralement tolérante pour l’ensemble des mesures adoptées, cependant, il y a eu une baisse de chacun d’entre eux lors de l’observation de l’enquête de 2014. En ce qui concerne les déterminants de la tolérance, nous avons trouvé des preuves que ces attitudes sont liées à des niveaux plus élevés de mobilisation cognitive des électeurs.</p><p>Mots-clés: Tolérance politique. Brésil. Comportement politique.</p><p> </p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Bonavolontà ◽  
Massimiliano D’Angelo

The innovation and modernization processes of national public administrations feature prominently in the process of digital transition that the whole Europe is going through. In Italy, the National Institute of Social Security (Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale, INPS) has historically always been at the forefront in terms of digital skills and the use of Information Technology for the provision of social security services, constituting a model of excellence in the landscape of public administrations both in Italy and Europe. INPS is currently facing a strategic challenge: that of constituting the driving force for the digital transition of the Italian public sector. To meet this challenge, the Italian Social Security Institute has equipped itself with an ICT Plan that represents a marked discontinuity with respect to past plans and which deserves, as a result of its innovative character, to be analyzed in detail. In particular, the ICT Strategic Plan of INPS for the three-year period of 2020−2022 aims to introduce a paradigm shift towards the digitization of the public services that the Social Security Institute offers to the whole country, planning a radical technological, organizational and cultural innovation, an enabling prerequisite for creating a new model service for citizens, businesses and other public administrations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-37
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carrillo ◽  
Maricarmen Sequera

Purpose ”“ The research aims to observe and describe the legal framework and implementation practices of personal databases management in the Social Security Institute (IPS), the most important public social insurance system in Paraguay. Methodology ”“ The research is exploratory, consisting on both substantive and procedural law analysis of health information storage regulations and its compliance. Also, interview to private companies, the public sector and one qualified worker insured by IPS are conducted to better understand collection, storage and maintenance of health records databases. Findings ”“ Research indicates evidence that biometric data storage of insurers does not have adequate regulation for its protection. It also shows evidence that private companies don’t deliver by default medical records to workers, as well as potential access to these records by administrative personal. Evidence also signals that clinics performing medical examinations request more sensitive information than required by law. Research limitations It is identified that a broader private company sample could be of use to better understand workers health record collection. Also, third party auditing IPS IT systems could be of use to further understand information management practices and vulnerabilities. Practical Implications ”“ A series of discretional practices are identified, signaling regulatory standardization urgency for all actors. A comprehensive Protection of Personal Data Act is needed. Originality ”“ No comprehensive research targeting the IPS system and its health personal data management processes is identified. The research is considered an initial contribution to the state of the art on the subject and specially to biometric collection and storage.


Author(s):  
Alberto Cundapí Núñez ◽  
Gerardo Grajales Yuca ◽  
Jesús Miguel Leyva Cervantes ◽  
Ana Paola Rubiano Murcia ◽  
Marco Antonio Ordoñez Juárez ◽  
...  

This document sets out the results of a study aimed at estimating the therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin as an adjuvant in the treatment of COVID-19 patients treated at the Specialty Hospital Vida Mejor of the Institute of Social Security for Workers of the State of Chiapas, ISSTECH, Mexico. Ivermectin as an adjuvant in the treatment of COVID-19 patients is more effective (92%) outpatient patients. In critical hospitalized and severe hospitalized patients, ivermectin had a significant impact, both in improving patients' health and decreasing lethality


Subject Domestic workers' rights. Significance The Senate on May 14 passed a bill granting labour rights to Mexico’s 2 million domestic workers. The changes grant such employees the same rights as other salaried workers, including compulsory affiliation to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), which provides health care and other benefits, a contract, a fixed wage and maximum working hours. President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) will now sign the bill into law, though the provisions amending the Federal Labour Law (LFT) and the Law of the Social Security Institute (LSS) will not come into effect till 2020. Impacts The reforms will have only a limited impact in reducing informal employment, which accounts for 56.9% of workers (30.8 million people). IMSS affiliation would immediately benefit some 30% of domestic workers who used to be covered by the dismantled Seguro Popular. Mexico is yet to ratify the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention on Domestic Workers; it is unclear whether or when it will.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document