Protein Intake among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Influence of (Pre-) Motivational Determinants

An adequate protein intake is important for healthy ageing, yet nearly 50% of Dutch community-dwelling older adults do not meet protein recommendations. This study explores protein intake in relation to eight behavioral determinants (I-Change model) among Dutch community-dwelling older adults. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from October 2019–October 2020. Protein intake was assessed by the Protein Screener 55+, indicating a high/low chance of a low protein intake (<1.0 g/kg body weight/day). The behavioral determinants of cognizance, knowledge, risk perception, perceived cues, attitude, social support, self-efficacy and intention were assessed by evaluating statements on a 7-point Likert scale. A total of 824 Dutch community-dwelling older adults were included, recruited via online newsletters, newspapers and by personal approach. Poisson regression was performed to calculate quartile-based prevalence ratios (PRs). Almost 40% of 824 respondents had a high chance of a low protein intake. Univariate analyses indicated that lower scores for all different behavioral determinants were associated with a higher chance of a low protein intake. Independent associations were observed for knowledge (Q4 OR = 0.71) and social support (Q4 OR = 0.71). Results of this study can be used in future interventions aiming to increase protein intake in which focus should lie on increasing knowledge and social support.

Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) oral conditions may be determined by social, biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. The study assessed oral health status and its determinants associated with oral health conditions among adult residents in Vilnius, Lithuania. A total of 453 of 35–74-year-olds participated (response rate 63%). A self-reported questionnaire was administered. Dental caries experience (D3MFS score), periodontal probing depth (PPD), andnumber of missing teeth were assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using χ2 test, independent samples t-test, and multivariable linear regression. The mean (sd) of D3MFS scores was 67.3 (33.5), the mean (sd) number of teeth with PPD 4+ mm was 5.9 (5.3), prevalence of periodontitis was 33%, the mean (sd) number of missing teeth was 6.9 (6.8), and prevalence of total edentulism was 3.8%. Medication use was associated with all oral health conditions, while age was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth. Sugar-containing diet was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth, and smoking with caries experience and periodontal status. Systemic diseases were associated with periodontal status, while behavioral determinants, last dental visit, and use of fluoridated toothpaste were associated with missing teeth. Oral health status among adult Vilnius residents was poor. Oral conditions were associated with both biological and behavioral determinants. Oral health promotion should focus on modifying behavioral determinants.

Short and/or long-term investment choice: Artificial intelligence analysis of the role of both or-ganizational and behavioral determinants

This paper shows empirically the impact of organizational and behavioral determinants on the CEO's investment horizon choice, using artificial intelligence explanatory methods. We apply our approach to 100 Saudi firms. We test the effect of three organizational determinants: ownership concentration, board independence, and CEO remuneration system; and three behavioral determinants: myopia, the locus of control and commitment, on the CEO's investment horizon choice. The study’s key finding is that executives' commitment bias is the most important variable in terms of modal value that affects firms' long-term investment choice. We also find a positive and significant relationship between myopia and long-term investment choice, whereas the lowliest determinant of the horizon choice is the locus of control. More generally, these results show that CEOs who are likely to be the most myopic may display long-term behavior with the existence of high cognitive involvement.

Pathway Analysis of Behavioral Determinants in Preventing Genital Infections of Santri Putri Pondok Pesantren : Application of The Integrated Behavior Model

Female students who live in Islamic boarding schools are a population at risk for genital infections. The practice of personal/vaginal hygiene or menstrual hygiene is a form of maintaining reproductive health by preventing genital infections. Some bad behavior related to vaginal hygiene is a trigger factor for female genital infections. This study aimed to examine the factors behind the behavior of preventing genital infection in female students in the Islamic boarding school environment. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was all female students. Determination of the sample in this study was carried out randomly with the number of subjects determined based on the rule-of-thumb sample size for path analysis, namely a minimum of 100 subjects, a minimum of 5 subjects per parameter, and a minimum of 10 subjects per variable. So that a sample of 150 female students was determined. The independent variable in this study was the behavior of preventing genital infection, while the dependent variables was: (1) behavioral intentions, (2) correct knowledge about behavior, (3) perception of the meaning of behavior, (4) environmental barriers, (5) experiential attitudes, (6) instrumental attitudes, (7) injunctive norms, (8) descriptive norms, (9) perceived behavioral control, (10) self-efficacy. This study indicated that infection prevention behavior can be determined by the behavior of female students prevention of genital infection is not influenced by the behavior of environmental barriers. Good knowledge and skills did not affect female students in taking measures to prevent genital infections; therefore, it was necessary to develop a more heterogeneous number of respondents and a questionnaire that can be understood by respondents so that an integrated behavioral model can become a reference to change behavior, and use methods that can improve their behavior.

DETERMINAN PERILAKU REMAJA PUTRI DALAM KEBERSIHAN GENETALIA SAAT MENSTRUASI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

ABSTRAKMenstruasi pada remaja putri merupakan topik yang menarik untuk diteliti. Hygiene menstruasi yang buruk hingga saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan di negara berkembang. Personal hygiene saat menstruasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meminimalkan terjadinya penyakit. Panti asuhan putri Aisyiyah merupakan salah satu panti asuhan yang berada di wilayah Tuntang Kabupaten Semarang. Panti asuhan ini memiliki 60 santri dan pengurus panti sebanyak 3 orang. Santri masuk dalam kategori usia remaja yang semua mengalami mentruasi sehingga perlu diteliti bagaimana perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat mentruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku remaja putri dalam kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi pada masa pandemi covid-19. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei, Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2021. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer. Analisis data menggunakan Kendall Tau. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan responden dengan perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi. ada hubungan antara sikap responden dengan perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi. ada hubungan antara sumber informasi dengan perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi. Saran perlu adanya kelas parenting yang membahas tentang kebutuhan seputar remaja putri yang tidak hanya terbatas pada mentruasi saja sehingga semakin banyak sumber informasi seputar remaja menjadikan remaja lebih smart dalma mejalani masa remajanya.Kata Kunci : Determinan, Remaja Putri, Kebersihan Genetalia, Menstruasi.BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT WOMEN IN GENETAL CLEANLINESS DURING MENSTRUATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMICABSTRACTMenstruation in adolescent girls is an interesting topic to study. Poor menstrual hygiene is still a problem in developing countries. Personal hygiene during menstruation is one way to minimize the occurrence of disease. Aisyiyah women's orphanage is one of the orphanages located in the Tuntang area, Semarang Regency. This orphanage has 60 students and 3 administrators. Santri are included in the category of adolescent age who all experience menstruation, so it is necessary to investigate how the behavior of genital hygiene during menstruation is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral determinants of adolescent girls in genital hygiene during menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method in this research is a descriptive survey. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire, the research is carried out in August 2021. The data source used is primary data. Data analysis using Kendall Tau. The results of the study there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of respondents with genital hygiene behavior during menstruation. there is a relationship between the attitude of the respondents with the behavior of genital hygiene during menstruation. there is a relationship between the source of information with genital hygiene behavior during menstruation. Suggestions for the need for parenting classes that discuss the needs of young women are not only limited to menstruation, so that more sources of information about teenagers make teenagers smarter in their teenage years.Keyword : Determinants, Adolescent Girls, Genital Hygiene, Menstruation.

Behavioral Determinants of IVA Inspection in Women of Childbearing Age

Data from the Jati Raya Health Center UPTD found that the number of women of childbearing age who did the IVA examination was still lacking. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the Acetic Acid Visual Inspection (IVA) as early detection of cervical cancer in women of childbearing age in the working area of Jati Raya Public Health Center in Kendari City. This study employed an observational analytic method with a Cross-Sectional Study approach. The population amounted to 488 people with a total sample of 83 people, using simple random sampling. The method of analysis used the Chi-Square test. The results of the study showed that knowledge with value X2count=13.414>X2table=4.605, attitude with value X2count=31.867>X2table=2.705, and health workers support with value X2count=0.163>X2table=2.705. In conlusion, there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude with IVA as early detection of cervical cancer in women of childbearing age and there was no relationship between the health workers support and IVA as early detection of cervical cancer in women of childbearing age. It is recommended to the Jati Raya Health Center to increase socialization and provide information about the implementation of the IVA program.

Understanding Farmers' Behavior and Their Decision-Making Process in the Context of Cattle Diseases: A Review of Theories and Approaches

Understanding farmers' behavior regarding disease control is essential to successfully implement behavior change interventions that improve uptake of best practices. A literature review was conducted to identify theoretical underpinnings, analytical methodologies, and key behavioral determinants that have been described to understand farmers' behavior in disease control and prevention on cattle farms. Overall, 166 peer-reviewed manuscripts from studies conducted in 27 countries were identified. In the past decade, there were increasing reports on farmers' motivators and barriers, but no indication of application of appropriate social science methods. Furthermore, the majority (58%) of reviewed studies lacked a theoretical framework in their study design. However, when a theoretical underpinning was applied, the Theory of Planned Behavior was most commonly used (14% of total). The complexity of factors impacting farmers' behavior was illustrated when mapping all described key constructs of the reviewed papers in behavior change frameworks, such as the socioecological framework and the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model. Constructs related to personal influences and relationships between farmers and veterinarians were overrepresented, whereas constructs related to other interpersonal and contextual environments were not extensively studied. There was a general lack of use of validated scales to measure constructs and empirically validated theoretical frameworks to understand and predict farmers' behavior. Furthermore, studies mainly focused on measurements of intention of stakeholder behavior rather than actual behavior, although the former is a poor predictor of the latter. Finally, there is still a lack of robust evidence of behavior change interventions or techniques that result in a successful change in farmers' behavior. We concluded that for a sustainable behavior change, studies should include wider constructs at individual, interpersonal, and contextual levels. Furthermore, the use of empirically validated constructs and theoretical frameworks is encouraged. By using coherent frameworks, researchers could link constructs to design interventions, and thereby take the first step toward theory-driven, evidence-based interventions to influence farmers' behavior for disease control.

Examining 24-Hour Activity and Sleep Behaviors and Related Determinants in Latino Adolescents and Young Adults With Obesity

Background. Few studies have examined 24-hour activity and sleep behaviors and their contribution to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Latino adolescents and young adults with obesity. Aim. This study included quantitative data on T2D risk and 24-hour activity and sleep behaviors and qualitative data on individual, social, and environmental behavioral determinants. Method. A 7 day, 24-hour, wrist-worn accelerometer protocol assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB), sleep, and sleep regularity, in adolescents ( N = 38; 12–16 years) and young adults ( N = 22; 18–22 years). T2D-related outcomes included adiposity (BMI, BF%, waist circumference), fasting, and 2-hour glucose. A subsample of participants ( N = 16 adolescents, N = 15 young adults) completed interviews to identify behavioral determinants. Results. High levels of PA were observed among adolescents ( M = 103.8 ± 67.5 minutes/day) and young adults ( M = 96.8 ± 78.8 minutes/day) as well as high levels of SB across both age groups (≥10 hours/day). Sleep regularity was negatively associated with adiposity (all ps < .05) in both age groups as well as fasting and 2-hour glucose in young adults (all ps < .05). Social support was associated with PA in both age groups as well as SB in younger youth. Auditory noises, lights, and safety inhibited sleep in both age groups. Conclusion. PA is critical for disease reduction, yet reducing SB and improving sleep are also important targets for reducing T2D risk in Hispanic adolescents and young adults. Future health promotion and disease prevention strategies should leverage qualitative findings regarding behavioral determinants.