Effects of nitrogen fertilizer types and alternate wetting and drying irrigation on rice yield and nitrous oxide emission in rice cultivation

Rice is a prime food crop for Asian countries. Wet land rice cultivation contributes maximum grain yield than dry land rice. Cauvery delta is a predominant area for rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu. Green algae growth during Kuruvai (June -August) season is a serious problem in wet land rice. These algae growth create anaerobic condition and prevent rice root respiration. The entire rice root was uprooted and floated on the stagnated water during initial stage. There is no preliminary study for green algae control in rice field. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed for the nature of occurrence. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to find out the remedial measures. The results of soil and water sample analysis showed that use of bore well water and dumping of phosphatic fertilizers leads to salt accumulation which favours the green algal growth. The results of the laboratory experiment revealed that the CuSO4 londox power, propiconazole and hexaconazole showed moderate inhibition on 5th day after treatment. The findings from field experiment indicated that use of conoweeder, alternate wetting and drying and CuSo4 drenching @ of 2.5 kg/ha when green algae appearance has just noticed or 5.0 kg/ha when severe growth occurred was effective in managing the green algae. Among all measures, alternate wetting and drying is the best management practices. CuSO4 drenching reduces around 70% of the growth. Even though CuSO4 react negatively with algae growth, soil pH changes and salt concentration play a major role on the CuSO4 action towards green algae. In order to maintain soil health condition, biofertilizer application, crop rotation, green manure trampling to be practised to recover the soil from alkaline pH, removal of accumulated salt and to control the algae growth using CuSO4.

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WATER MANAGEMENT AND METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE CULTIVATION: A CASE STUDY IN AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (2A) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Duong Mai Linh

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Global Warming ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Levels ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Ch4 Emission ◽

Wetting And Drying

Rice cultivation causes the emission of CH4 consequenced to the global warming. Reduction of irrigation in rice cultivation is not only saving water resources but also reducing greenhouse gases emission. The objectives of this study was to determine impacts of water management on the emission of CH4 and rice yield. Experiment was conducted in field conditions in An Giang province, Viet Nam with three treatments as continuous flooding (CF), An Giang Alternative Wetting and Drying (AAWD) which is mostly applied by farmers in An Giang province-Viet Nam, and Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD). Water levels in the field +5 cm, ± 5 cm and -15 cm were controlled higher, fluctuated and lower than soil surface, respectively for CF, AAWD and AWD. CH4 emission determined every week during 13 weeks of the experiment. Rice yield was determined in 1 m2 at the end of the experiment. The results showed that AWD and AAWD, respectively decreased 78.7 % (p < 0.05) and 6.8 % (p > 0.05) CH4 emission compared to the CF 11.9 mg CH4/m2/h. The rice yield of CF was 6.32 ton/ha lower than AAWD 7.8 ton/ha (p < 0.05) but not different with AWD 6.67 ton/ha. AAWD had higher rice yield but same emission than the CF. Farmers in An Giang province should consider application of AWD in rice cultivation in term of saving water and reduction of CH4 emission.

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Effect of flooding duration on nitrous oxide emission from organic and conventional rice cultivation system in Central Java, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/215/1/012033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 012033 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B H Purwanto ◽

N N Sari ◽

S N H Utami ◽

E Hanudin ◽

B H Sunarminto

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Central Java ◽

Flooding Duration

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Response of Nitrogen Losses to Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Intensive Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11061513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1513 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hui Zhao ◽

Xuyong Li ◽

Yan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Nitrate Leaching ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Application Rate ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Nitric Oxide Emission ◽

Greenhouse Vegetable

Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) is of scientific and public concern because of its significance to international environmental sustainability. We conducted a meta-analysis using 1174 paired observations from 69 publications on the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen losses on a broad scale. We found that the increase in nitrogen loss is much higher than that in production gain caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer: nitrate leaching (+187.5%), ammonium leaching (+28.1%), total nitrogen leaching (+217.0%), nitrous oxide emission (+202.0%), ammonia emission (+176.4%), nitric oxide emission (+543.3%), yield (+35.7%) and nitrogen uptake (+24.5%). Environmental variables respond nonlinearly to nitrogen fertilizer application, with severe nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission when the application rate exceeds 570 kg N/ha and 733 kg/N, respectively. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield growth decreases when the application rate exceeds 302 kg N/ha. Appropriate reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rate substantially mitigates the environmental cost, for example, decreasing nitrate leaching (−32.4%), ammonium leaching (−6.5%), total nitrogen leaching (−37.3%), ammonia emission (−28.4%), nitrous oxide emission (−38.6%) and nitric oxide emission (−8.0%), while it has no significant effect on the nitrogen uptake and yield.

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