scholarly journals PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG MIKRO: PENGARUH INTENSITAS DAYA DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KARAKTERISTIK BIODIESEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Ully Silviana ◽  
Sugeng Triyono ◽  
Sigit Prabawa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Power Intensity ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Two Factors

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of power intensity and reaction time on the yield and the characteristic using an erlenmeyer glass heated in a microwave oven with power capacity of 399 watt and frequency of 2,450 arrangements was used in this experiment. Treatment consisted of two factors, namely power intensity and reaction time. The power intensity included three levels (30, 50, and 70%). Similarly did for the reaction time (30, 60, and 120 cooking oil to methanol). Parameters to be analyzed included biodiesel yield, acid number, density, and viscosity of = 1%. The results showed that both microwave power intensity and reaction time and their interaction had no effect on the viscosity, acid number and density of produced biodiesel. Biodiesel produced has acid number of 2.98 to 4.20 mgKOH/g, density of 0.87 to 0.88 g/mL, and viscosity of 1.9 to 2 cSt. Microwave power intensity and reaction time andtime of 30 seconds was adequate for microwave-assisted biodiesel synthesis with an average yield reaching 91.1%. Keywords: biodiesel, waste cooking oil, transesterification, microwave

Utilization of Chicken Eggshells as Catalyst in Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Lizda Johar Mawarani ◽  
Thomas Andherson Sihombing ◽  
Doty Dewi Risanti ◽  
Muhannad Illayan Massadeh ◽  
Dwi Prananto
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Solid Oxides ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Solid oxides are the most used catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel, one of which is calcium oxide (CaO). This research reports the synthesis of CaO catalysts sourced from chicken eggshells through the calcination process. Chicken eggshells were cleaned and dried for 24 h at 120 oC. The eggshells were then calcined at temperatures varying from 600 oC to 900 oC for 6 h and the resulted sample were characterized by FTIR and XRD. The biodiesel synthesis was conducted at 65 ºC with a reaction time of 2 h and the concentration of catalyst was varied at 3 wt%, 6 wt%, and 9 wt%. The optimal biodiesel synthesis was obtained at a concentration of CaO catalyst formed at a calcination temperature of 900 ºC at 9 wt%. The yield of biodiesel conversion was obtained at 81.43 % and glycerol was produced as a by-product.

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING PALM EMPTY ASH CATALYST

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Sukma Budi Ariyani ◽  
Asmawit ◽  
Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Phosphorus Acid ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of adding a catalyst ash of palm empty fruit bunches on the number and characteristics of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil. The independent variables studied are heavy ash of palm empty fruit bunches (8, 10 and 12 g), the mole ratio of methanol: oil (6: 1, 9: 1 and 12: 1) and reaction time (60, 90 and 120 minutes). The results obtained are highest biodiesel yield is obtained of 54.7 mg/Kg on a reaction time of 60 minutes, the mole ratio of methanol:oil at 12:1, catalyst ash 10 g per 75 mL of methanol at a temperature of 60oC and stirring speed 600 rpm. Characteristics of biodiesel were analyzed in the study include the density, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, flash point, the point of fog, carbon residue, distillation temperature 90% vol, phosphorus, acid number and calorific value.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Peir-Horng Liao ◽  
Nguyen Vu Lan ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

scholarly journals KECEPATAN ADUK DAN WAKTU KONTAK OPTIMUM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH

Molekul ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Eva Vaulina ◽  
Senny Widyaningsih ◽  
Moch. Chasani
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using activated natural zeolite catalyst has been done. Activation of the natural zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl 6M for 30 min, calcining and oxydizing at 500°C for 2 hours, consecutively. The variation of stirring speed were 350, 700, 1100 and 1200 rpm. The variation of reaction time were varied from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by 1H NMR spectrometer. The results showed that the optimum condition of biodiesel synthesis using esterification process were reached at 700 rpm and 15 minutes, which gave biodiesel conversion of 100%.

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Katalis dan Suhu Optimum pada Reaksi Esterifikasi menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Aktif (ZAH) dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Senny Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Directorate General

Transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using KOH catalyst with and without esterification process usingactivated natural zeolite (ZAH) catalyst has been carried out. Activation of the zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl 6Mfor 30 min, followed calcining and oxydized at 500oC for 2 hours, consecutively. The transesterification without esterificationprocess were done using KOH catalyst 1% (w/w) from oil and methanol weight and oil/methanol molar ratio 1:6 at 60oC. Theesterification reaction was also done using ZAH catalyst then continued by transesterification using KOH catalyst inmethanol media. In order to study the effect of ZAH catalyst concentration at constant temperature, the catalysts werevaried, i.e. 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/w). To investigate the effect of temperature, the experiments were done at various temperaturefrom 30, 45, 60, and 70oC at constant catalyst concentration. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by 1H-NMRspectrometer and physical properties of biodiesel were determined using ASTM standard methods. The results showedthat the transesterification using KOH catalyst without esterification produced biodiesel conversion of 53.29%. The optimumcondition of biodiesel synthesis via esterification process were reached at 60oC and concentration of ZAH catalyst of2% (w/w), that could give biodiesel conversion = 100.00%. The physical properties were conformed with biodiesel ASTM2003b and Directorate General of Oil and Gas 2006 specification.

scholarly journals Optimization and Mathematical Modeling of Biodiesel Production using Homogenous Catalyst from Waste Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1733-1739
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Load

In the present investigation, the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel over homogenous catalyst KOH have been carried out. To optimize the transesterification process variables both response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) mathematical models were applied to study the impact of process variables temperature, catalyst loading, methanol to oil ratio and the reaction time on biodiesel yield. The experiments were planned with a central composite design matrix using 24 factorial designs. A performance validation assessment was conducted between RSM and ANN. ANN models showed a high precision prediction competence in terms of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9995), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 0.5702), Standard Predicted Deviation (SEP = 0.0133), Absolute Average Deviation (AAD = 0.0115) compared to RSM model. The concentration of catalyst load was identified as the most significant factor for the base catalyzed transesterification. Under optimum conditions, the maximum biodiesel yield of 88.3% was determined by the artificial neural network model at 60 ºC, 1.05 g catalyst load, 7:1 methanol to oil ratio and 90 min transesterification reaction time. The biodiesel was analyzed by GCMS and it showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, eicosenoic acid, methyl 18-methyl-nonadecanoate, docosanoic acid, and tetracosanoic acid as key fatty acid methyl esters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document