scholarly journals Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Fish Scales and Its Integration with Rice Husk for Ammonia Removal in Aquaculture Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Sofiah Hamzah ◽  
Norhafiza Ilyana Yatim ◽  
Maslinda Alias ◽  
Asmadi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater

Aquaculture plays an important role in providing food and generate high income in many developing countries but the abundance of ammonia discharged from aquaculture wastewater gives the problem to the environment. This study focused on the extraction of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from fish scales and its modification with rice husk to produce bio-adsorbent for ammonia removal from aquaculture wastewater. The comparison has been made for the HAp preparation via microwave irradiation, alkaline heat treatment, and thermal decomposition method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the surface chemistry and crystallinity of HAp, respectively. While the morphology of the HAp was observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hydroxyapatite extracted via thermal decomposition method shows the best performance about 79% of ammonia removal at 210 min contact time which selected for coating agent of rice husk (RH/HAp) and was successfully removed 84% at 60 min saturation time. The result shows thermal decomposition is the best technique to extract HAp from fish scales and its integration with rice husk exhibited a better performance of bio-adsorbent. The findings of this study provide useful fundamental knowledge and platform for the development and improvement of aquaculture wastewater treatment system in the future.

Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Fish Scales

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Zainon ◽  
N.M. Alwi ◽  
M.Z. Abidin ◽  
H.M.Z. Haniza ◽  
M.S. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Raw Fish

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from freshwater fish scales and saltwater fish scales using thermal decomposition method at various temperatures. The percentages of HAp in each species of raw fish scales were analysed using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the present of HA. The crystallinity of the HAp was studied using x-ray diffractometer (XRD). TGA and FTIR are found to be useful techniques to predict the composition of the HAp present in the fish scales. The results show that the composition of HAp in the fish scales was not significantly dependent on the species of the fish. The percentage of HAp in the fish scales ranged from 40 to 45 wt%. The heating temperature had an effect on the crystallinity and colour of the HAp produced. Results from FTIR and XRD confirmed that the HAp extracted from fish scales was similar to the HAp standard. However, the natural HAp produced from saltwater fish scales was more crystalline than that produced from freshwater fish scales. The HAp produced from this study is relatively cheap and more importantly they are HALAL for four billion Muslims population around the world.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides based hybrid nanostructures by thermal decomposition method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012095
Author(s):  
Melbin Baby ◽  
K. Rajeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides

Abstract In this work, we report synthesis of hybrid nanostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via thermal decomposition method. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was used as not only growth templates but also as starting precursor for synthesis of hybrid nanostructures. The conditions for the synthesizing method were optimized using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. In this hybrid nanostructure synthesis, it was found that MoO3 nanorods are interspersed on exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets. The structural and optical properties of the hybrid nanostructure were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). The hybrid nanostructure of MoO3 on MoS2 shows a band gap of 2.2 eV. It was also found that by tuning the preparation parameters viz temperature of heating and time of heating, the composition of the hybrid nanostructure can be varied.

Phase Transition and Microstructure Development of BaTiO3 by Thermal Development of BaTiO3 by Thermal Decomposition Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sudarath Suntaropas ◽  
Panakamon Thonglor ◽  
Naphat Albutt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Microstructure Development ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Thermal Development ◽  
Major Factors

The thermal decomposition was used to prepare BaTiO3 powders. Using BaCO3 and TiO2 powders as precursors and heat treatment in the temperature range of 600-1000 °C for 6 hr. The final product (BaTiO3) proceeds through a trace amount of Ba2TiO4. The phase transformation was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of sintering temperature. The results show that the microstructures of BaTiO3 were developed during sintering at different temperature. In additional, the particle growth of BaCO3 and TiO2 are the major factors to affect of the particle growth mechanism.

scholarly journals A novel technique to synthesis of tenorite (CuO) nanoparticles from low concentration CuSO4 solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Darezereshki ◽  
F. Bakhtiari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this study CuO nanoparticles were prepared via direct thermal decomposition method using basic copper sulphates as wet chemically synthesized precursor which was calcined in air at 750?C for 2h. Samples were characterized by thermogravimetric (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), infrared spectrum (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD, EDS, and IR results indicated that the synthesized CuO particles were pure. The SEM and TEM results showed that the CuO nanoparticles were of approximate spherical shape, and 170?5 nm in size. Using this method, Cuo nanoparticles could be produced without using organic solvent, expensive raw materials, and complicated equipment.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Ni(OH)2and NiO Mesoporous Nanosheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyu Li ◽  
Shouxin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Transmission Electron

Mesoporous nanosheets of single-crystallineβ-nickel hydroxide (β-Ni(OH)2) were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method using Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O as precursor in a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). Single-crystalline nickel oxide (NiO) mesoporous nanosheets can be obtained through a thermal decomposition method usingβ-Ni(OH)2mesoporous nanosheets as precursor. The influences of SDBS and hydrothermal treatment were carefully investigated; the results showed that they played important roles in the formation ofβ-Ni(OH)2mesoporous nanosheets. The as-obtainedβ-Ni(OH)2and NiO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravity-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and specific surface area, and pore size test.

Magnetic Property of á-Fe Nanoparticles Prepared by Solventless Thermal Decomposition Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Chul Han
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Pyrex Tube

ABSTRACTNano sized α-Fe particle was synthesized by modified thermal decomposition method. It resulted in the higher saturation magnetization (Ms) almost equivalent to the value of bulk Fe power (Mbulk = 210 emu/g). To prepare Fe nanoparticles, the Fe2+-(oleate)2 complex was annealed at 400 J in pyrex tube and the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticle was reduced to Fe crystal structure at 700 J with NaCl under Ar+H2 gas atmosphere and annealed again under high vacuum system of 10−5 torr. The crystallinity and structure of the Fe nanoparticle was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shape and size was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The magnetic properties were characterized with coercivity and remanence from hysteresis loop by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM)

scholarly journals Photocatalytical Properties and Theoretical Analysis of N, Cd-Codoped TiO2Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Gao ◽  
Bing Lu ◽  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Xian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Valence Band ◽  
Conduction Band ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

N, Cd-codoped TiO2have been synthesized by thermal decomposition method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, respectively. The products represented good performance in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The effect of the incorporation of N and Cd on electronic structure and optical properties of TiO2was studied by first-principle calculations on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The impurity states, introduced by N 2p or Cd 5d, lied between the valence band and the conduction band. Due to dopants, the band gap of N, Cd-codoped TiO2became narrow. The electronic transition from the valence band to conduction band became easy, which could account for the observed photocatalytic performance of N, Cd-codoped TiO2. The theoretical analysis might provide a probable reference for the experimentally element-doped TiO2synthesis.

scholarly journals Influence of Reaction Solvent on Crystallinity and Magnetic Properties of MnFe2O4Nanoparticles Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Song ◽  
Changzhi Yan ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Haoan Wu ◽  
Zhengyang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Benzyl Ether ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method ◽  
Octyl Ether

This study reports the synthesis of three kinds of manganese-doped magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) in benzyl ether, octyl ether, and 1-octadecene by a simple and low cost thermal decomposition method. It was found that benzyl ether results in a dramatic improvement in nanoparticle crystallinity owing to its stronger reducibility compared to octyl ether and 1-octadecene, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and TEM measurements. Raman spectroscopy detection also indicated that the reducing solvent of benzyl ether was in favor of forming magnetite-like structure ferrite, while maghemite-like structured ferrite was obtained in octyl ether and 1-octadecene. The saturation magnetization (MS) of MnFe2O4synthesized in benzyl ether was 85 emu/g [Fe], which was 3 and 5 times larger than MnFe2O4synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene, respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in benzyl ether was 574 W/g, while MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene have had much smaller SAR of 76 and 33 W/g, respectively. MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in benzyl ether also exhibit higher relaxivity (r2=207 mM−1 s−1) than those synthesized in octyl ether and 1-octadecene (r2=65and 22 mM−1 s−1). It was obvious that MnFe2O4nanoparticles synthesized in reducing benzyl ether have higher crystallinity and thus higherMS, SAR, andr2values, which can serve as a better candidate for hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging.

PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC DYE USING NANO ZnO

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SARAVANAN ◽  
H. SHANKAR ◽  
G. RAJASUDHA ◽  
A. STEPHEN ◽  
V. NARAYANAN
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Method

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was investigated using nanocrystalline ZnO prepared by chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition routes. In both preparation routes zinc acetate dihydrate was used as the precursor. In the case of precipitation route, sodium hydroxide was used as the precipitating agent at room temperature, but in thermal decomposition method the precursor was just calcined at 450°C for 30 min. The structural and morphological properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The sample prepared by precipitation route exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than that by thermal decomposition method and the reasons for the enhanced photocatalytic activity have been discussed in detail.

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