scholarly journals SERI METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Retno Ardhani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Alexander Fleming

Sejarah telah mencatat andil penelitian dalam menciptakan kehidupan yang lebih baik. Salah satunya penemuan antibiotik pada 1940an yang diawali dari pengamatan Alexander Fleming pada 1928 terhadap fenomena kematian bakteri Staphylococcus dalam cawan petri yang juga ditumbuhi jamur. Sebelum ditemukan antibiotik, tidak ada obat untuk pneumonia, gonorrhea atau demam rematik sehingga rumah sakit dipenuhi pasien sedangkan tidak banyak yang dapat dilakukan dokter untuk menolong. Tidak mengherankan jika kemudian Alexander Fleming bersama Howard Florey, Ernst Chain yang merupakan tim penemu antibiotik penicillin, dianugerahi Nobel Prize untuk Fisiologi dan Kedokteran pada 1945.

scholarly journals Why Governments Should Invest More in Fundamental Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Venki Ramakrishnan ◽  
Mejd Alsari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
And Function

Venkatraman ‘Venki’ Ramakrishnan is the President of The Royal Society and Group Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. In 2009 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ‘for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome’. In this interview he explains why governments should invest more in basic scientific research rather than simply on applied science and engineering. He also discusses interdisciplinarity, collaborations, and public engagement.

Myth-Historical CRISPR Edits

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-157
Author(s):  
José G. Perillán
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
International Regime ◽  
Ethical Guidelines

History is not always written by the victors. Competing histories often become ssbattlegrounds for those who want to declare themselves victors. Emerging from the frontiers of molecular biology, today’s caustic patent dispute over gene-editing technology is being waged partly through published myth-histories. The revolutionary gene-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9 has quickly become a vehicle for patent and priority controversies to determine who cashes in on billions of dollars in licensing fees, a Nobel Prize, and scientific immortality. This chapter examines competing myth-histories in the context of larger socioeconomic forces, as well as the lack of an international regime of ethical guidelines for this work. Careful study is necessary to grasp the background and impact of these narratives.

Hermann Joseph Muller, 1890-1967

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 348-389 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
The Public ◽  
Publication Number ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ionizing Radiations ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Heart Condition

Hermann Joseph Muller died on 5 April 1967, at the age of 76, after several years of struggle with a heart condition. Biology has lost one of its outstanding pioneers and leaders. His decisive contributions—both in theory and in experiments, many of them in advance of his time—opened and marked step by step the trail from the Mendelism of the 1910’s to the molecular biology of the 1960’s. His last two papers—prepared in 1965 and 1966—‘The gene material as the initiator and the organizing basis of life’ (369) * and ‘What genetic course will man steer?’ (372)—give a grand view of that trail, of where it has led and of which biological issues the knowledge so acquired presents to mankind. In the public mind Muller’s eminence is based on his vast and profound contributions to experimental genetics, his discovery of the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiations—which motivated the award of the Nobel Prize in 1946—and his efforts to make the genetic hazards of radiations understood and to limit these hazards. There is a widespread tendency to dismiss his concern for the future course of human evolution, and in particular his practical proposals for voluntary germinal choice, as senile deviations, amusing if they were not fraught with danger. Two facts show how wrong is this belief. * Numbers in parentheses refer to publication number in list of published works. Sentences in inverted commas without numbers are from two autobiographical manuscripts of 1936 and 1941, respectively.

scholarly journals James Watson’s genius (dedicated to the 90th birth anniversary)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
H. B. Humeniuk ◽  
M. Z. Mosula ◽  
I. B. Chen ◽  
N. M. Drobyk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Molecular Oncology ◽  
Double Helix Structure

The scientific and organizational activities of the worldwide known scientist in the field of molecular biology James Dewey Watson were described in this article. 55 years ago James Watson and Francis Crick made one of the key discoveries of the twentieth century. They have found that DNA has a double helix structure. This discovery was based on the X-rays patterns obtained by Maurice Wilkson and Rosalind Franklin. Subsequently, this DNA model had been proved, and J. Watson and F. Crick were awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. Since, our knowledge of the main molecule of life has been greatly expanded. A significant flowering of molecular genetics has began: synthesis of RNA and DNA in vitro, decoding of genetic code, recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, sequencing of genomes and post genomic technologies. James Watson is one of the authors of the cell biology classic textbook “Molecular Biology of the Cell”. In addition, he has developed the current areas of molecular biology such as  molecular oncology and molecular neurobiology. Today genomes of different animals and humans have been decoded and the functions of many genes have been determined. But at present still unknown how the DNA starts and how it affects the work of the organs and the organism as a system. Keywords: James Watson, DNA structure, Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, Molecular Biology of the Cell.

scholarly journals Reappraising Fleming’s snot and mould

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Kholhring Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming, a Scottish physician at the St. Mary’s Hospital, London, made two epoch-making discoveries, lysozyme and penicillin. But contrary to popular fables, the events were not that serendipitous. He was already an established microbiologist and it took him dogged labours to vindicate his discoveries. He simply had the right mind. Penicillin was especially a hard nut to crack upon which he toiled for half a year with his associates just enough to make a convincing conclusion on the antibacterial property. He in fact utterly failed in understanding what it actually was. As he himself unpretentiously stated: “I did not invent penicillin. Nature did that. I only discovered it by accident.” But that did not debar him for sharing the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain, who isolated the compound and worked out the medicinal applications. Strangely, Fleming’s biography has been presented in bits and pieces on the crucial elements of his discoveries, and usually contradictory. This chronicle is trying to mend the gaps and broken pieces in the historical records.

scholarly journals DOPAMINE, AND ITS EFFECT ON THE HUMAN BRAIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 402-405
Author(s):  
Sherzod Ibrahimov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Color Reaction ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Motor Functions

In this article, we look at how dopamine acts on our body, and what positive and negative can be seen behind dopamine. Of course, such an important hormone deserves much more careful consideration. Dopamine is responsible for motivation in our body. But do not think that "this is why I am so lazy - dopamine is not enough," no you are lazy simply, because lazy or there is no need to strain. Dopamine is produced behind the "motivation," and not in front of it. Because there is no desire - then there is no dopamine. There is a desire - here is dopamine to help, just act. Yes, people are different, someone can naturally have an overpriced background of dopamine, impulsive people who 5 minutes ago decided to buy a mobile phone and are already calling the store, even if they do not need it. But the vast majority live stably and smoothly and strain, there is no need to try. The association of a lack of dopamine with Parkinson's disease was established by Gornikevich using a fairly simple color reaction. However, the role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter was revealed by another scientist - Arvid Karlsson (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2000). Before him, dopamine was considered only a precursor to noradrenaline, and not a signalling substance. It was in Karlsson's experiments with reserpine that a direct connection was established between the level of dopamine and motor functions. With the development of biochemistry and molecular biology, it became possible to study in more detail the functions of this neurotransmitter. From his role in coordinating movements to explaining the actions of some antipsychotics and psychostimulants. Also, many researchers consider metabolic disorders of this neurotransmitter as one of the causes of schizophrenia, i.e., there is a "dopamine theory of schizophrenia."

The evolution of therapeutic antibodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 296-298
Author(s):  
Herman Waldmann ◽  
Greg Winter
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
The Creation

The development of rodent monoclonal antibodies opened the door to the creation of antibodies specific to soluble and cell-surface antigens. ‘Humanized’ therapeutic antibodies have emerged as major blockbuster drugs for the treatment of cancer, immune, and inflammatory disorders—the so-called biologics. Much of this revolution was spearheaded in Cambridge, England, initiated by the research of Cesar Milstein and George Köhler at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and who, with N.K. Jerne, shared the 1984 Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology. As related in this personal perspective, Cambridge scientists and clinicians took up the challenge to develop the original murine antibodies into powerful pharmaceuticals that can be administered repeatedly without the dire consequences of alloimmunization. In this short chapter, two scientists who made seminal contributions to this field and remain actively engaged in its development give a personal account of how these remarkable developments came about.

scholarly journals Howard M. Temin, 10 December 1934 - 9 February 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Dogma ◽  
Strong Resonance ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Howard M. Temin died on 9 February 1994, at the age 59. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1975 for the discovery of a new mechanism of genome reproduction, called ‘reverse transcription’. Transcription is the term used to identify the transfer of information from genes made of DNA to their messengers, which are made of RNA. The messengers then transfer the information to the proteins, which express the information of the genes. In reverse transcription, on the contrary, the information is transferred from RNA to DNA as part of a reproductive cycle. Howard Temin (and independently David Baltimore) discovered the new mechanism by studying a class of viruses that cause leukemias or cancer in a variety of animals. The discovery was sensational because at that time biologists had become used to the idea that information is transferred from DNA to RNA and not vice versa. As often happens, this was considered a ‘central dogma of molecular biology’. However, the only reason for accepting the dogma was that nobody had shown that it could happen the other way. Nevertheless, the breaking of the dogma by Temin and Baltimore had a very strong resonance.

scholarly journals Max Perutz (1914–2002)

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BLOW
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Biologist ◽  
Royal Institution

Max Ferdinand Perutz, molecular biologist; born Vienna 19 May 1914; Director, MRC Unit for Molecular Biology 1947–62; FRS 1954; Reader, Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, Royal Institution 1954–68, Fullerian Professor of Physiology 1973–79; Chairman, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology 1962–79; Nobel Prize for Chemistry (jointly) 1962; CBE 1963; Chairman, European Molecular Biology Organisation 1963–69; CH 1975; OM 1988; married 1942 Gisela Peiser (one son, one daughter); died Cambridge 6 February 2002.

scholarly journals The Nobel Prize Factory

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Richard Henderson ◽  
Mejd Alsari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureate

Nobel Prize Laureate Richard Henderson introduces structural biology and electron cryo-microscopy, and talks about the successful journey of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.

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