scholarly journals SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AMPHIBIAN IN GUNUNGKELIR STREAM, JATIMULYO VILLAGE, KULON PROGO

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Febri Qurniawan Dan Trijoko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Study Species

Gunungkelir stream is located in Jatimulyo village, western part of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province.The ecosystem that surrounds Gunungkelir stream looks natural and unpolluted, it is possible for good livingenvironment of amphibians. However, the database about diversity of Amphibians in Gunungkelir stream hasnot been revealed. This research was done to study species diversity, species richness, species composition anddistribution of amphibians in Gunungkelir stream as an effort to support the sustainability of amphibians livefrom extinction. The research was done on January-May 2009, at night. The VES (Visual Encounter Survey)method with line transects 250 m were used. A total 11 species of amphibians from 6 different amphibia familieswere identified. Phrynoidis aspera, Leptobrachium hasseltii and Hylarana chalconota are dominant species. Thehigest percentage of amphibians population was tadpole (38%), followed by male (35%), female (21%), and theleast were juvenile (6%). During the survey, different species of amphibians were observed with their own rangeof spatial distribution.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

scholarly journals Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pastorella ◽  
A. Paletto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Mutual Position ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
North East

Stand structure and species diversity are two useful parameters to provide a synthetic measure of forest biodiversity. The stand structure is spatial distribution, mutual position, diameter and height differentiation of trees in a forest ecosystem and it highly influences habitat and species diversity. The forest stand and species diversity can be measured through indices that provide important information to better address silvicultural practices and forest management strategies in the short and long-term period. These indices can be combined in a composite index in order to evaluate the complex diversity at the stand level. The aim of the paper is to identify and to test a complex index (S-index) allowing to take into account both the tree species composition and the stand structure. S-index was applied in a case study in the north-east of Italy (Trentino province). The results show that the Norway spruce forests in Trentino province are characterized by a medium-low level of complexity (S-index is in a range between 0.14 and 0.46) due to a low tree species composition rather than to the stand structure (diametric differentiation and spatial distribution of trees).  

scholarly journals Habitat associations of small mammals in the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Nonsimiso Simelane ◽  
Themb’alilahlwa A.M. Mahlaba ◽  
Julie Teresa Shapiro ◽  
Duncan MacFadyen ◽  
Ara Monadjem
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Golden Mole ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Abstract Mountains provide important habitats for many species and often have high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Habitat associations of terrestrial small mammals were investigated at Wakefield Farm at the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa from July 2015 to January 2016. Sherman live traps were used to capture small mammals on 35 grids in six different habitats. A total of 472 individuals, from 14 species, were recorded, comprising: 10 rodents, three shrews and one golden mole. Species diversity differed across habitats and seasons. The riparian habitat had the highest species richness, diversity and abundance of small mammals. Species composition also differed across habitats with the indigenous forest and rocky outcrops supporting the most distinct assemblages.

scholarly journals Plant community diversity and composition provide little resistance to Juniperus encroachment

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Ganguli ◽  
David M. Engle ◽  
Paul M. Mayer ◽  
Eric C. Hellgren
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Old Field

Widespread encroachment of the fire-intolerant species Juniperus virginiana  L. into North American grasslands and savannahs where fire has largely been removed has prompted the need to identify mechanisms driving J. virginiana encroachment. We tested whether encroachment success of J. virginiana is related to plant species diversity and composition across three plant communities. We predicted J. virginiana encroachment success would (i) decrease with increasing diversity, and (ii) J. virginiana encroachment success would be unrelated to species composition. We simulated encroachment by planting J. virginiana seedlings in tallgrass prairie, old-field grassland, and upland oak forest. We used J. virginiana survival and growth as an index of encroachment success and evaluated success as a function of plant community traits (i.e., species richness, species diversity, and species composition). Our results indicated that J. virginiana encroachment success increased with increasing plant richness and diversity. Moreover, growth and survival of J. virginiana seedlings was associated with plant species composition only in the old-field grassland and upland oak forest. These results suggest that greater plant species richness and diversity provide little resistance to J. virginiana encroachment, and the results suggest resource availability and other biotic or abiotic factors are determinants of J. virginiana encroachment success.

scholarly journals Orchid bee fauna responds to habitat complexity on a savanna area (Cerrado) in Brazil.

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Antonini ◽  
Rodrigo Assunção Silveira ◽  
Márcio Oliveira ◽  
Cristiane Martins ◽  
Reisla Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Habitat structure and complexity may broadly affect the diversity and composition of a variety of fauna in terrestrial systems. Here we investigated responses of orchid bee assemblages to habitat complexity, with the aim of assessing complexity as a useful surrogate for species diversity of this group. We test the following hypotheses: (i) There is a greater species richness and abundance of orchid bee in sites with high habitat complexity than lower habitat complexity; (ii) High habitat complexity sites have a different species composition of orchid bee than lower habitat complexity sites. For the purposes of our study, we defined habitat complexity as the heterogeneity in the arrangement in physical structure of habitat (vegetation), although there are a large range of operational definitions in the literature. As result, orchid bee species richness was higher in high complexity areas while community composition was not affected by habitat complexity, because Euglossa melanotricha and E. leucotricha were the dominant species, occurring in both environments. Habitat complexity, measured as a function of differences in multiple strata in forests, may be of great worth as a surrogate for the diversity of a range of arthropod groups including orchid bees. 

scholarly journals Seasonality drives herbaceous community beta diversity in lithologically different rocky outcrops in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaquelina A. Nunes ◽  
Pedro M. Villa ◽  
Andreza V. Neri ◽  
Wesley A. Silva ◽  
Carlos E.G.R. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Herbaceous Communities ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Richness Patterns

Background and aims – Seasonality exerts strong controlling forces on species diversity in herbaceous species communities, however, this control process remains poorly understood in tropical lithologically different rocky outcrops. We aim to investigate the effect of seasonality and the variability of soil properties on changes in the herbaceous species richness and species composition of two different herbaceous species communities on rocky outcrops in Brazil. We hypothesize that seasonality, determined by variation in precipitation, and soil fertility, determined by variability in nutrient-related soil properties, drives species diversity (i.e., richness and beta diversity) patterns of herbaceous communities at local scale.Methods – To investigate how the variation between dry and wet seasons affects species richness and beta diversity, we studied plots on rocky outcrops of Iron Quadrangle (40 plots, 1 × 1 m) and Carajás (20 plots, 1 × 1 m). Key results – We observed similar richness patterns between seasons, without significant differences between sites, using rarefaction and extrapolation curves. However, we observed significant differences in beta diversity between seasons. Our results indicate that seasonality determines the temporal variation of the herbaceous species composition, but not species richness. Likewise, our tested models indicated that seasonality shape beta diversity in the studied rocky outcrops. Conclusions – The predictable seasonal precipitation is closely related to the community composition on this type of rocky outcrop formation, where there typically is a marked seasonal water deficit pattern, with increased deficit during the dry season. We presume that seasonality is an important driver in determining plant community assembly at local scale on the studied rocky outcrops.

scholarly journals DEDEYOLU GÖLETİ (ELAZIĞ–TÜRKİYE) ZOOPLANKTONU

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Serap Saler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Keratella Cochlearis ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In this study, it is aimed to determine the zooplankton and species diversity of Dedeyolu Pond. Zooplankton samples were taken from 3 stations in monthly periods between May 2011 and April 2012. In the research, 17 species belonging to Rotifera, 6 species belonging to Cladocera and 2 species belonging to Copepoda were identified in Dedeyolu Pond. Among all zooplankton, it was represented Rotifera with 81%, Cladocera with 14% and Copepoda with 5%. Species diversity reached its highest value in April (H'=2.34) in the 3rd station, and the Margalef species richness index value reached its highest value in the first station (D=3.84) in October. There were a strong positive correlation between the number of individuals and the temperature in Dedeyolu Pond (r=0.674), a weak positive relationship between the number of individuals and the pH value (r=0.370), and a weak positive relationship between the number of individuals and the dissolved oxygen value (r=0.290). Keratella cochlearis species was recorded as the dominant species in all seasons in the pond.

Experimental removal of a dominant species at two levels of soil fertility

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3470-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gurevitch ◽  
Robert S. Unnasch
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Fertilization of the soil in herbaceous plant communities has been observed to lead to an increase in productivity but a decline in species richness and diversity. We tested the hypothesis that the decline in diversity is due to increased competition from a dominant species by removing the dominant species, Dactylis glomerata L., from an old field community with and without fertilization. Fertilization without the removal of Dactylis resulted in a steep decline in species numbers and in species diversity. The removal of Dactylis when fertilizer was added prevented the decline in species richness. Removal of this dominant species led to an increase in species diversity, an increase in either the frequency or the abundance of almost half of the common species in the system, and an increase in the combined biomass of uncommon species. The response to the removal of Dactylis was greater at higher than at low soil fertility for most but not all variables. Key words: old-field, fertilization, competition, species diversity, community structure, Dactylis glomerata.

Ichthyoplankton community of the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Burak Daban ◽  
Ahsen Yüksek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
One Year ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Fish Eggs And Larvae

AbstractAn ichthyoplankton survey was conducted between March 2012 and February 2013 along the Anatolian coast of the Dardanelles Strait, with the aim of describing the species composition and temporal variation of fish eggs and larvae. For this purpose, monthly samples were collected at three sites using a WP-2 plankton net equipped with 500 µm mesh during a one-year period. Biodiversity indices were calculated to understand differences in biodiversity. A total of 50 teleost fish species belonging to 25 families and 7 orders were identified. The highest species richness of fish eggs was recorded in spring, whereas the highest species richness of fish larvae – in spring and summer. On the other hand, species richness of fish eggs and larvae were at a minimum in the fall. The most dominant species recorded in the Dardanelles were

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