scholarly journals Patterns of Beverages Consumed and Risk of Incident Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M. Rebholz ◽  
Bessie A. Young ◽  
Ronit Katz ◽  
Katherine L. Tucker ◽  
Teresa C. Carithers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Components Analysis

Background and objectivesSelected beverages, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, have been reported to influence kidney disease risk, although previous studies have been inconsistent. Further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate all types of beverages in association with CKD risk to better inform dietary guidelines.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe conducted a prospective analysis in the Jackson Heart Study, a cohort of black men and women in Jackson, Mississippi. Beverage intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline (2000–2004). Incident CKD was defined as onset of eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥30% eGFR decline at follow-up (2009–13) relative to baseline among those with baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the consumption of each individual beverage, beverage patterns, and incident CKD. Beverage patterns were empirically derived using principal components analysis, in which components were created on the basis of the linear combinations of beverages consumed.ResultsAmong 3003 participants, 185 (6%) developed incident CKD over a median follow-up of 8 years. At baseline, mean age was 54 (SD 12) years, 64% were women, and mean eGFR was 98 (SD 18) ml/min per 1.73 m2. After adjusting for total energy intake, age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and baseline eGFR, a principal components analysis–derived beverage pattern consisting of higher consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks, and water was associated with significantly greater odds of incident CKD (odds ratio tertile 3 versus 1 =1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.41).ConclusionsHigher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with an elevated risk of subsequent CKD in this community-based cohort of black Americans.

Abstract P235: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage and Food Intake and Mortality Risk Among U.S. Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Collin ◽  
Monika Safford ◽  
Viola Vaccarino ◽  
Jean A Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

Introduction: Multiple studies have shown a positive association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and increased obesity and cardiovascular disease risk but few have examined their impact on mortality. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of (non-milk) sugars on CVD-related mortality and all-cause mortality, and to determine if this impact differs by the form in which they are consumed (beverages vs. foods). Methods: This study used data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a US based longitudinal cohort of 30,183 black and white men and women over the age of 45. We excluded those with a self-reported history of CVD, stroke, TIA, and type II diabetes at baseline, yielding a final study population of 17,930. Added sugar consumption (in grams) from beverage and from foods were estimated separately using self-administered Block 98 food frequency questionnaires. Sugar-sweetened beverages included those pre-sweetened, such as sodas as well as beverages to which sugar had been added at the point of consumption, such as coffee, or juices. Sugar-sweetened foods included desserts, candy and sweetened breakfast foods as well as foods to which caloric sweeteners (sugars, syrups) had been added. Quartiles of consumption were used for the purposes of analysis, with the lowest category as the reference. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between consumption and all-cause mortality, CHD-related mortality, and CVD-related mortality. Model I adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors (age, sex, education, household income, region, smoking, and physical activity). Model II additionally adjusted for possible mediators, including total energy intake, BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Results: In Model I, we observed increased hazard ratios for CVD, CHD-related and all cause related mortality. These results were attenuated but remained significant when adjusting for possible mediators in Model II: HR=1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.7 for CVD-related mortality; HR=2.5, 95%CI 1.3-4.8 for CHD-related mortality, and HR=1.27, 95%CI 1.02-1.58 for all-cause mortality, when comparing the highest quartile of SSB consumption to the lowest quartile of SSB consumption. We observed similar but attenuated effects between the comparisons for the third and second quartiles of SSB consumption. We did not observe any increased risk with sugar-sweetened foods. Conclusions: Older adults who are high consumers of SSBs are at an increased risk of CVD-related and all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Analysis of patterns of food intake in nutritional epidemiology: food classification in principal components analysis and the subsequent impact on estimates for endometrial cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E McCann ◽  
James R Marshall ◽  
John R Brasure ◽  
Saxon Graham ◽  
Jo L Freudenheim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of different methods of classifying food use on principal components analysis (PCA)-derived dietary patterns, and the subsequent impact on estimation of cancer risk associated with the different patterns.Methods:Dietary data were obtained from 232 endometrial cancer cases and 639 controls (Western New York Diet Study) using a 190-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were generated using PCA and three methods of classifying food use: 168 single foods and beverages; 56 detailed food groups, foods and beverages; and 36 less-detailed groups and single food items.Results:Classification method affected neither the number nor character of the patterns identified. However, total variance explained in food use increased as the detail included in the PCA decreased (~8%, 168 items to ~17%, 36 items). Conversely, reduced detail in PCA tended to attenuate the odds ratio (OR) associated with the healthy patterns (OR 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.84 and OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.49–1.20, 168 and 36 items, respectively) but not the high-fat patterns (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57–1.58 and OR 0.85, 0.51–1.40, 168 and 36 items, respectively).Conclusions:Greater detail in food-use information may be desirable in determination of dietary patterns for more precise estimates of disease risk.

Nutritional predictors of successful chronic disease prevention for a community cohort in Central Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2475-2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne N Luke ◽  
Rebecca Ritte ◽  
Kerin O’Dea ◽  
Alex Brown ◽  
Leonard S Piers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Central Australia

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate biomarkers of nutrition associated with chronic disease absence for an Aboriginal cohort.DesignScreening for nutritional biomarkers was completed at baseline (1995). Evidence of chronic disease (diabetes, CVD, chronic kidney disease or hypertension) was sought from primary health-care clinics, hospitals and death records over 10 years of follow-up. Principal components analysis was used to group baseline nutritional biomarkers and logistic regression modelling used to investigate associations between the principal components and chronic disease absence.SettingThree Central Australian Aboriginal communities.SubjectsAboriginal people (n444, 286 of whom were without chronic disease at baseline) aged 15–82 years.ResultsPrincipal components analysis grouped twelve nutritional biomarkers into four components: ‘lipids’; ‘adiposity’; ‘dietary quality’; and ‘habitus with inverse quality diet’. For the 286 individuals free of chronic disease at baseline, lower adiposity, lower lipids and better dietary quality components were each associated with the absence at follow-up of most chronic diseases examined, with the exception of chronic kidney disease. Low ‘adiposity’ component was associated with absence of diabetes, hypertension and CVD at follow-up. Low ‘lipid’ component was associated with absence of hypertension and CVD, and high ‘dietary quality’ component was associated with absence of CVD at follow-up.ConclusionsLowering or maintenance of the factors related to ‘adiposity’ and ‘lipids’ to healthy thresholds and increasing access to a healthy diet appear useful targets for chronic disease prevention for Aboriginal people in Central Australia.

“Endogenous” and “Neurotic” Syndromes of Depression: A 5-to 7-Year Follow-up of 104 Cases

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (521) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. K. Kay ◽  
R. F. Garside ◽  
J. R. Roy ◽  
Pamela Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
First Admission

In a previous paper (Kay et al., 1969) the mode of selection and composition of a sample of 104 depressed patients was described. The present article concerns the follow up of this sample, 5–7 years after the index admission (which was always a first admission). The aims were: (i) To examine and compare outcome in three groups of patients, “endogenous”, “neurotic”, and “undifferentiated”, (ii) The second aim was to study the power of various individual features to predict the course and outcome of the illness. The patients' groups were defined by the factor scores on a first (bipolar) factor which was identifiable in many though not all respects with the “endogenous-neurotic” factor previously described by Kiloh and Garside (1963) and by Carney, Roth and Garside (1965). A full account of the symptoms defining the factor, which was obtained by principal components analysis, and of the method of allocating patients to the diagnostic groupings, was given in the previous paper.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

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